Gender Differences In Coping Styles Research Articles

Gender differences in GPs’ strategies for coping with the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia: A cross-sectional study

Background The Covid-19 pandemic has increased stress levels in GPs, who have resorted to different coping strategies to deal with this crisis. Gender differences in coping styles may be contributing factors in the development of psychological distress. Objectives To identify differences by gender and by stress level in coping strategies of GPs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted with GPs in Catalonia (Spain), in June–July 2021. via the institution’s email distribution list, all GPs members of the Catalan Society of Family and Community Medicine were invited to complete a survey assessing sociodemographic, health and work-related characteristics, experienced stress (Stress scale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-DASS 21) and the frequency of use of a range of coping strategies (Brief-COPE) classified as problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant strategies, some of which are adaptive and others maladaptive. We compared the scores of each strategy by gender and stress level using Student’s t-test. Results Of 4739 members, 522 GPs participated in the study (response rate 11%; 79.1% women; mean age = 46.9 years, SD = 10.5). Of these, 41.9% reported moderate-severe stress levels. The most common coping strategies were acceptance, active coping, planning, positive reframing and venting. More frequently than men, women resorted to emotional and instrumental support, venting, distraction and self-blame, whereas men used acceptance and humour more commonly than women. Moderate-severe stress levels were associated with non-adaptive coping, with increased use of avoidance strategies, self-blame, religion and venting, and decreased use of positive reframing and acceptance. Conclusion The most common coping strategies were adaptive and differed by gender. However, highly stressful situations caused maladaptive strategies to emerge.

Musical Engagement is Linked to Posttraumatic Resilience: The Role of Gender, Personality, and Music Listening Styles After Childhood Trauma

Previous research on the links between music and posttraumatic resilience have typically relied on small sample sizes and case studies from clinical settings. To address this important gap, we conducted an online study to measure childhood trauma and adult musical engagement in everyday life in non-clinical contexts. The present study ( N = 634) investigated these links by administering online questionnaires about musical engagement, personality, and demographics to adult survivors of childhood trauma. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that social music listening predicted increased well-being in males while affective music listening predicted decreased well-being in males. Gender moderated the interaction between affective engagement and well-being: affective engagement was linked to increased well-being in females and a decrease in males. Furthermore, neuroticism moderated the interaction between narrative listening and well-being: narrative listening was linked to increased well-being for participants with low neuroticism and a decrease for those with high neuroticism. These findings may reflect general gender differences in coping styles: emotional reflection for females and emotional distraction for males, and suggest gender differences in attentional biases, rumination, and capacities for disassociation. Taken together, the results show that there are individual differences in musical engagement and posttraumatic resilience based on gender and personality. These findings are useful for the development of music-based coping strategies that mental health professionals can tailor for individual clients.

Gender differences in coping styles of patients with depression: A comparative study

The present study was undertaken to investigate the gender differences in coping styles of patient with depression. Three types of coping styles were measured: problem focused, emotion focused and dysfunctional copings. The sample consisted of 101 participants (Male = 61, 60.4%) and (Female = 40, 39.6%) diagnosed with depression who were selected through convenience sampling technique from different hospitals of Dhaka city. Depression scale (DS), adapted Bengali version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and adapted Bengali version of COPE scale were used to assess different variables for the present study. Results of the study indicated that male patients were tending to use more problem focused coping styles than females and female patients were tending to use more dysfunctional coping style than male. There was no gender difference found in the groups on emotion focused coping style. Based on the findings developing a better therapeutic intervention to treat depression, was discussed.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 145-154, 2018 (July)

Gender Differences in Adolescent’s Health: the Effect of Coping Mechanism

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that male and female experience different types and severities of physical and psychological health symptoms. This study examined whether in the case of adolescents gender differences in physical and psychological health symptoms could actually be the result of differences in coping mechanism. Various factors have an influence on which coping strategies are mobilized under specific circumstances like age and gender. The present paper focuses on the interrelationships between the ways of coping and some health-related variables in adolescence. Objectives: (i) To find out gender differences affecting physical and psychological health symptoms. (ii)To find out gender differences affecting coping styles.(iii) To ascertain the relationship between coping styles and both physical and psychological health symptoms, in both male and female adolescents. Methods: The participants of the present study comprised of 100 adolescents male 50 and female 50 and they were from senior secondary schools and graduate schools recruited from Aligarh. They are adolescents and their age ranged from 13 to 18 years. Measures: Brief Cope Scale was developed by (Carver. 1997). The Brief Cope is a Likert type questionnaire that contains 14 strategies although the Brief COPE contains 28 items. WHO-QOL Scale: World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment, the WHOQOL-100 is a cross-culturally valid assessment of well-being. Assessment is operationalized through 100 items representing 25 facets organized in six domains. Result and Conclusion The results of this study suggest that doctors, school counselors and family therapists may want to take gender differences in coping styles into account when seeing adolescent patients for physical or psychological health symptoms, and find ways to help the adolescents cope more effectively with their stressors.

Gender Differences in Coping Styles of Chinese Military Officers Undergoing Intensive Training

This study investigated gender differences in anxiety and coping styles under the stress of intense military training. We surveyed Chinese female (n = 470) and male (n = 379) military officers who were surveyed during the third month of a 10-month intensive training program. Results indicated that state and trait anxiety were highly correlated in both women and men. In general, female officers had higher levels of anxiety, greater negative coping tendencies, and less perceived self-efficacy than their male counterparts. When compared with the norm, both women and men had significantly more positive coping strategies. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed factors that influenced male and female state anxiety. Avoidance, which was chosen by women more often than men, in general was less useful for female officers. The most common positive coping style for female officers was problem solving, whereas for men it was help seeking. We suggested that even female officers with lower mental health levels than their male counterparts made active cognitive changes to their coping styles when undergoing intense military training.

Coping with stress in the australian job network: Gender differences

The authors attempted to identify (a) the coping strategies used by employment service case managers in Queensland, Australia, and (b) the strategies that could be beneficial in reducing the relatively high burnout levels that have been observed in this population. Significant gender differences in coping styles were found, and an association between burnout and escape‐avoidance behavior was identified for both female and male respondents.

Coping Strategies for Living in Student Residential Facilities in Nigeria

This article examines coping strategies used by students in high-density living. It uses the questionnaire survey method in 20 university halls-of-residence in southwestern Nigeria. The study focused on students’ cognitive responses to the bedroom, the coping strategies that they used, gender differences in coping styles, and the influence of their length of stay. The results showed that the respondents perceived living conditions as stressful and that they used nine coping strategies to various degrees. The types of strategies used were related to their responses and to their perceived alternatives. The major coping strategies used were studying away from the room and decorating personal space. Females appeared to make more use of territorial strategies whereas males appeared to use withdrawal strategies more often. Length of stay did not appear to be important except with respect to studying and entertaining friends. Finally, territorial defining strategies were shown to be critical in this high-density situation.

Individual differences in adolescent health symptoms: the effects of gender and coping

Previous studies have suggested that adult men and women experience different types and severities of physical and psychological health symptoms. This study examined whether in the case of adolescents these reported gender differences in physical and psychological health symptoms could actually be the result of differences in coping styles. Five hundred and forty-six adolescents were questioned on their coping styles and symptoms. We found gender differences in physical and psychological health symptoms (e.g. anger, depression, tension, negative moods), as well as in coping styles. We also found that the relation between health symptoms and coping varied significantly by gender. The results of this study suggest that doctors, school counselors and family therapists may want to take gender differences in coping styles into account when seeing adolescent patients for physical or psychological health symptoms, and find ways to help the adolescents cope more effectively with their stressors.

Gender Differences in Adjustment to Bereavement: An Empirical and Theoretical Review

The loss of a marital partner results in substantial increases in morbidity and mortality among both men and women, but the effects are relatively greater for widowers than for widows in the acute grieving period. Evidence is reviewed, and explanations of the pattern are examined. An interpretation in terms of gender differences in social support (cf. M. Stroebe & W. Stroebe, 1983 ), although plausible, has not yet been empirically confirmed. Likewise, with respect to gender differences in coping styles, women are more confrontive and expressive of their emotions than men, but there has been little validation of the generally accepted grief work hypothesis (working through grief by women brings about their better recovery). Cognitive processes underlying effective coping with bereavement are analyzed, and a stressor-specific framework, the dual-process model of coping with loss, is suggested to help explain gender differences in health outcomes.

Gender differences in adjustment to bereavement: An empirical and theoretical review.

The loss of a marital partner results in substantial increases in morbidity and mortality among both men and women, but the effects are relatively greater for widowers than for widows in the acute grieving period. Evidence is reviewed, and explanations of the pattern are examined. An interpretation in terms of gender differences in social support (cf. M. Stroebe & W. Stroebe, 1983), although plausible, has not yet been empirically confirmed. Likewise, with respect to gender differences in coping styles, women are more confrontive and expressive of their emotions than men, but there has been little validation of the generally accepted grief work hypothesis (working through grief by women brings about their better recovery). Cognitive processes underlying effective coping with bereavement are analyzed, and a stressor-specific framework, the dual-process model of coping with loss, is suggested to help explain gender differences in health outcomes.

Gender differences in coping styles and coping effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups

The purpose of this comparative study was to examine the coping styles and coping effectiveness between men and women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were active in support groups for people with the disease. The entire population of the American Lung Association of Ohio, Southwestern Branch, Easy Breather’s Club (n = 1103) was sent 2 mailed surveys, the Revised Jalowiec Coping Scale1 and a demographic profile questionnaire. A total of 154 surveys were analyzed. Of this total, 43% (n = 66) were returned by men, whereas women’s response was 57% (n = 88). Men were enrolled longer in pulmonary rehabilitation programs (median = 20; interquartile range = 2-28) than women (median = 4; interquartile range = 2-24). Men were noted to be more active in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, with 22% (n = 14) compared with women 14% (n = 12). Men’s participation with an American Lung Association program yielded 9.4% (n = 6) in comparison with only 8% (n = 7) for women. The majority of this sample, 61% (n = 92), was not currently active. The total group used the optimistic coping style the most (M, 2.1; SD = 0.57). The total group also found the optimistic coping style to be the most effective (M, 2; SD = 0.61). No statistically significant gender differences existed for overall coping use, overall coping effectiveness, or with the 8 coping subscales. No coping differences for use or effectiveness were found to be related to participation in either a pulmonary rehabilitation program or the lung association program. (Heart Lung® 2000;29:367-77.)