Background: In higher education (HE), female academics frequently experience self-doubt, imposter syndrome and marginalisation, which can negatively impact their self-confidence. These challenges are intensified by systemic gender biases and exclusionary institutional cultures. Objectives: This study explores how two female academics situated within the South African HE context reclaimed their self-confidence through participation in an informal community of practice (CoP). It examines how relational and reflective support can contribute to academic identity formation and professional growth. Methods: Using collaborative autoethnography (CAE), the authors reflected on their lived experiences of navigating academic spaces. As both participants and co-researchers, they drew on personal narratives to explore the intersections of career confidence, institutional culture and gendered experiences. Framed by Moon’s Theory of Academic Assertiveness, Feminist Voice Theory and Feminist Praxis, the authors employed thematic analysis to identify and interpret key patterns within their reflections. Results: The study revealed five interrelated themes: (1) gendered barriers and structural inequity, (2) emotional toll and loss of confidence, (3) disrupted career trajectories, (4) the transformative potential of shared vulnerability and (5) the empowering role of a CoP. Informal peer support was found to be a powerful mechanism for enhancing confidence and fostering resilience. Conclusion: Self-confidence in academia is not a given but is shaped by institutional contexts and interpersonal support. While structural reforms are essential, grassroot communities of practice offer meaningful, affirming spaces for career development and self-empowerment. Contribution: This study highlights how informal, reflective partnerships can serve as tools for building self-confidence among female academics, offering valuable insights for career development, mentorship and institutional transformation.

Begum et al. (2018) examined gender bias in parental attitudes using an experimental approach in rural Bangladesh. Households were reported as randomly assigned to treatment conditions in a lab-in-the-field allocation task. We show that the group assignment was inherited from Islam (2019), a previous, nonrandomized experiment conducted in the same region. The lack of randomization contradicts the design descriptions provided by the authors in Begum et al. (2018) and elsewhere and raises concerns about the validity of comparisons across treatment groups. This also points to serious shortcomings in the reporting and transparency of the study design-issues that mirror those that led to the retraction of Islam (2019) from the European Economic Review.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more deaths in women than breast cancer, lung cancer and chronic lung disease combined, with a comparable mortality to that of men. Many women and physicians do not identify CVD as a major morbidity and mortality in women, resulting in significant delays in diagnosis and treatment. While advances have been made in the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of CVD in women, there often remains insufficient evidence to guide effective, lifesaving care of women. This review of sex-specific and traditional CVD risk and risk-enhancing factors in women identifies areas of knowledge gaps to consider for investigation. A focus on the coronary vasculature reveals physiological differences of clinical relevance which can be interrogated. Inspection of and addressing disadvantage and gender bias in both the medical and lay communities should continue to be addressed. As CVD results from traditional risk factors and emerging risk-enhancing factors, a focus on the detection of preclinical cardiovascular disease may be of particular importance for women. Unique risk markers originate early in pre-menopausal women, as this is considered a healthy period of life. Awareness and implementation of the existing knowledge of sex-specific risk factors and sex-specific thresholds to educate women and physicians are needed. The anticipated life course of women supports a broadening focus on CVD toward that of lifelong care and emphasize key transitional stages for women-early risk factor onset, pregnancy, menopausal transition, and so on. This review is a call to action to re-envision a health system approach for lifespan prevention, detection, and treatment pathways to reduce CVD risk in women.

The research examines the gender inequalities inherent in the Indian legal system specifically the factor of exclusion of males through the protection of domestic violence, sexual crimes and harassment in the workplace. Although the Indian laws, like the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, the Domestic Violence Act, and the POSH Act have played a key role in protecting women, they are mainly gender-oriented disregarding the female and LGBTQ+ victims. By examining the current laws, comparing international models, and applying case-study to it, this paper can see the structural bias that only sees men as attackers. It claims that the provisions of the law are one-sided and not only do not uphold the principle of equality under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, but also promote the stigmatization of society, which causes underreporting, psychological distress, and disenfranchisement of male victims. The research is based on the global practices in the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, thus recommending the use of gender-neutral laws in India as an urgent practice. It suggests modifications in the criminal and family law, comprehensive safeguards in the workplace and domestic violence legislation, and national sensitization to eliminate the gender stereotypes. The paper concludes that true gender justice can only be achieved when laws are created to safeguard everyone regardless of gender on the nature of harm and not identity. Keywords: Gender discrimination, Men’s rights, Legal reform, Gender-neutral Laws, Domestic violence, Sexual offences, Family Law, Workplace protections.

Famous persons with epilepsy - Trends and patterns in the medical literature.

Exploring the definitions of gender bias in healthcare literature: a scoping review protocol.

BackgroundHypohyperdontia, a rare numeric dental anomaly combining tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth (ST), impacts aesthetics and function. Limited epidemiological data exist in Chinese populations. This study investigates its prevalence and distribution.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 10,112 panoramic radiographs(PRs)(August 2021 ~ December 2023) to assess hypohyperdontia prevalence, distribution and associated characteristics, including patient demographics, dentition type, ST (number, morphology, location, orientation), and tooth agenesis patterns (number, location). The hypohyperdontia patients were stratified into pre- and post-eruption groups based on permanent anterior/supernumerary tooth eruption status. All data were presented as counts(n) and percentage (%), and statistically analysed using logistic regression and Chi-square test.ResultsPrevalence was 0.66% (67/10112; M: F 42:25) without gender difference (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.78–2.11, p = 0.329). Most cases were diagnosed in the mixed dentition (mean age: 6.97 years), with 85.07% (57/67) affecting both jaws. The anteroposterior type (58.21%, 39/67) predominated over anterior type (41.79%, 28/67). Eruption-wise, 10 and 57 cases were pre- and post-eruption, respectively. ST were predominantly single (73.13%, 49/67), conical (56/85), and vertically/inverted-oriented (38/85 and 34/85, respectively), with premaxillary predilection (p = 0.001). Single-tooth agenesis was most common (38/67 cases; total missing teeth = 115). Mandibular agenesis was more frequent (p = 0.001), primarily affecting second premolars (64/115), followed by lateral incisors (26/115), without side preference (p = 0.641).ConclusionsHypohyperdontia prevalence is 0.66%, within the global range (0.002% to 3.1%) with no gender bias. Typically diagnosed in mixed dentition, most cases are bimaxillary involvement. Isolated posterior involvement is rare. ST and agenesis patterns mirror isolated anomalies. Early panoramic screening in suspected cases facilitates timely multidisciplinary management to prevent functional and aesthetic complications.

ABSTRACT This paper examines how institutional mechanisms shape gender disparities in judicial promotion within a career‐based civil‐law system, where judges advance through merit‐based hierarchies punctuated by discretionary appointments to higher courts. By design, civil‐law judiciaries are typically governed by bureaucratic, merit‐based promotion procedures. Yet even in such systems, women remain underrepresented in senior judicial positions. We develop a model to distinguish between two mechanisms— promotion aversion and sex discrimination—and derive empirically testable implications. Drawing on a unique longitudinal dataset covering the full careers of nearly 7000 Spanish judges from 2005 to 2023, we combine survival models, matched mixed‐effects regressions, and data on voluntary specialization exams to analyze career advancement. Our results show that promotion aversion and sex discrimination operate at different stages of judicial careers: women who apply for promotion are highly qualified and successful in early‐career moves, but face structural barriers in later discretionary appointments. These findings challenge assumptions about the neutrality of bureaucratic promotion systems and underscore the role of institutional discretion in reproducing inequality. The paper contributes to comparative studies of career public servants and the governance of judicial hierarchies.

Systemic gender bias in transportation research: recommendations for change

Teaching the complexities of biological sex determination with the goal of creating a more inclusive classroom and perhaps challenging key components of the oversimplified rhetoric of the gender binary.

Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: Gender bias role of allograft inflammatory factor-1.

The influence of emergency physician gender on patient experience surveys.

Evaluators’ masculine gender identity may drive gender biases in peer evaluation of business plans

Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda

Throughout the long history of crime films, the image of female criminals has remained shrouded in mystery. Their complex humanity and behavioral logic are often obscured by gender bias and narrative conventions, rendering them elusive flowers in the mist within traditional storytelling. Directed by Peter Chan, She's Got No Name employs a groundbreaking narrative strategy to subvert and rewrite this classic motif. Through three innovative approaches, a multi-perspective, jigsaw-like construction; symbolic expressions of bodily narratives; and an open-ended conclusion that leaves room for interpretation, the movie successfully deconstructs and reconstructs a complex individual embodying both perpetrator and victim. This subversion and reshaping of the character not only enriches the character arc dimension of crime genre films but also directly challenges the simplistic judgmental paradigm of traditional judicial narratives and social discourse toward female criminals. By advocating for the complexity of female offenders, it offers an enlightening narrative path for penetrating superficial appearances and exploring the human abyss and societal pathologies underlying female criminal behavior.

It is a widely accepted fact that women play a significant role in both the personal and professional spheres. Over the years, women's struggles have been chronicled in autobiographies and literary works. Women are becoming more prevalent in the workplace, and notable individuals like Indira Nooyi, for instance, are carving out niches for themselves in the corporate workspaces that were once thought to be patriarchal strongholds. As a result, it is important to recognize the contributions of works that chronicle these struggles. In light of this, this research aims to conduct a literature review and analysis of the works of women in the corporate workplace. More precisely, the study aims to examine the collection of works (books, essays, and conference papers) that detail the challenges experienced by women in the corporate workplace. The works document these previously mentioned features and span the last ten years. Using databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, the study employs a literature review process to methodically map the scholarly literature. The study tracks the development of narratives about women in the corporate world by identifying important writers, frequently cited works, and popular research trends. It focuses on the main issues of gendered leadership, work-life balance, glass ceiling impacts, gender discrimination, and how corporate cultures affect women's careers. This study offers a thorough understanding of the academic landscape by analyzing the literature through a literature review lens, highlighting both the advancements made in recording women's struggles and the gaps that still exist in the investigation of intersectional and global variations in women's experiences.

Gender equality education in literature learning is becoming increasingly significant due to the growing awareness. Gender equality education in literature learning has become increasingly important due to the growing awareness of gender stereotypes and biases within educational settings. This article examines how Serat Candrarini, as a classical Javanese literary text, represents gender relations through patterns of binary opposition and explores its implications for gender-equitable education. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method using content analysis and a feminist deconstruction approach. The findings indicate that gender relations in the text are constructed through oppositions such as active–passive, high–low, and rational–emotional, positioning women in a subordinate role. However, the text also reveals small spaces that allow for critical readings of patriarchal values. These findings underscore the importance of reflective literature learning that fosters shifts in perspectives toward gender equality. Integrating gender perspectives into the curriculum and teaching methods is an essential step in cultivating awareness of educational equality. Further research is recommended to explore other traditional texts and to develop practical, gender-based literacy learning modules.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into human resource management offers a promising avenue for enhancing efficiency, yet concerns regarding algorithmic fairness persist. This study investigates the efficacy of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms compared to human screeners in mitigating bias during the initial candidate screening process. The purpose of this research is to determine whether AI systems reduce demographic biases or merely replicate the historical prejudices embedded in training data. Using a controlled experimental design, the study analyzed a dataset of 5,000 anonymized resumes. A supervised learning model (Random Forest) was pitted against a panel of experienced human recruiters to evaluate candidates based on identical job descriptions. Key findings indicate that while human screeners exhibited significant "affinity bias"—favoring candidates with similar educational backgrounds—the baseline ML model initially perpetuated gender bias found in historical hiring data. However, after applying algorithmic de-biasing techniques, the AI demonstrated a higher degree of consistency and fairness than the human control group. The study concludes that AI is not a silver bullet; however, when rigorously audited, it serves as a crucial objective counterweight to human subjectivity. These results advocate for a "human-in-the-loop" hybrid approach to ensure equitable recruitment practices.

Burn injuries pose a significant global health burden, with the overwhelming majority of deaths around 90% occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). India alone reports an estimated 6–7 million burn cases annually, ranking among the highest globally. Women are disproportionately affected due to unsafe cooking practices, flammable traditional clothing, use of hazardous fuels, and gender-based violence. Socio-cultural norms and economic constraints further increase vulnerability and delay timely access to care. This review explores the gendered dimensions of burn injuries in India, including epidemiology, risk factors, healthcare access, psychosocial impact, and policy responses. A thorough review of the literature was carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Library, along with grey literature from government and policy sources. Data were thematically synthesized into key domains to identify patterns in injury causation, severity, treatment gaps, and intervention strategies. Evidence indicates that women experience more severe burns and higher mortality even with smaller burn surface areas, largely due to delayed care, financial barriers, and gender bias in healthcare delivery. Intentional burns resulting from domestic violence, dowry-related harassment, and self-immolation substantially contribute to the burden, although misclassification of such cases is common. Psycho social stigma, insufficient mental health support, and limited rehabilitation services further hinder recovery and social reintegration. Addressing these disparities requires gender-responsive approaches, including disaggregated surveillance, integration of violence screening into burn care, strengthened rehabilitation services, community-based prevention, and public awareness initiatives. Legal protections and training healthcare providers in gender-sensitive care are critical to reducing inequities. A coordinated, multi-sectoral strategy is essential to ensure equitable outcomes and mitigate the disproportionate impact of burn injuries on women in India.

Since the end of the 20th century, the inclusion of women in the workforce has been promoted in various economic activities and sectors. In Ecuador, policies to reduce gender discrimination in the workplace and economic inequalities have been in place for around two decades. The objective of this research is to determine the gender-adjusted wage gap in Ecuador's real estate sector by comparing the significance between the public and private sectors during the period 2021–2025. The study uses a quantitative approach for descriptive analysis, the t-test for independent samples, and Cohen's test to determine the magnitude of the wage gap effect. It shows that in the real estate sector, the gender gap in private companies was 2.6%, while in public companies it was 25.2% in both cases in favor of women. This result supports the argument that the gender wage gap in public companies promotes economic inequalities given the real extent of its effect