Abstract This article brings together the literatures of predation and depletion via social reproduction (DSR) to provide an explanation of the Venezuelan crisis (2013–2021). Venezuela’s gradual descent into a predatory state exacerbated the state’s reliance on the unpaid reproductive labor of women, which provoked gendered harms. We empirically examine DSR as exacerbated by predation that manifests in harms to citizenship entitlements, discursive harms, and bodily harms. The embodied consequences of the predatory state’s reliance on women’s labor manifest in the weakening of livelihoods, reproductive, labor, and political rights. The article proposes a framework to explain the embodied costs of the Venezuelan crisis, with the potential of explaining gendered aspects of the global authoritarian turn. The article broadens both the literature on the state capacity of predatory states by “embodying” it, and the literature on DSR by exploring forms of depletion that occur as a consequence of institutional decline and economic collapse.

The article is devoted to the analysis of feminine nominations in the narratives of military media communication in the linguistic and gender aspect. The research focuses on the identification and interpretation of linguistic means that reflect the change in gender roles and the representation of women’s experience in the realities of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a female narrative of heroism, which affirms the image of a woman as an active participant in armed resistance, equal to men in the performance of military duty. The representative, identification, mobilization, and symbolic functions of feminine lexemes, which are increasingly used in journalistic discourse to name women serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine or performing other roles in the war, are noted. The active presence of names for female persons in the headlines and texts of various genres of journalistic materials – news, reports, interviews, articles, – is observed. This is due to a number of factors: linguistic economy, attracting the audience’s attention, demonstrating editorial policy, gender differentiation, ensuring social visibility. Differentiation of the most common thematic groups of feminine media nominations (names by military positions and ranks, combat functions, technical or special training, medical and humanitarian role of women, status of participation in the war) showed that gender narratives of wartime demonstrate a gradual departure from traditional stereotypes, where women appear mainly as a symbol of motherhood, care or logistical support. At the same time, certain gender stereotypes still persist in military media communication. Quite often, the image of a female soldier is presented through the prism of a double standard: she “breaks the perception”, “impresses”, “proves” that she can be no worse than men. Such discourse, despite its positive connotation, hides a shade of comparison and the need for women to “assert themselves” in a traditionally male sphere (Santoniccolo et al., 2023). Modern Ukrainian media increasingly raise the issue of gender prejudices and manifestations of sexism that women face at the front, which indicates the growing sensitivity of society to the problems of gender equality. The most common word-forming models of feminine nominations have been identified: -к-а (воячка, воїнка, снайперка, піхотинка, волонтерка, солдатка, командирка); -иц-я (військовослужбовиця, захисниця, розвідниця, кулеметниця, гранатометниця); -ин-я (бійчиня, медикиня), two-component names (операторка БПЛА, військова ЗСУ). The results obtained show that the active functioning of feminine lexemes in military media communication not only linguistically reflects sociocultural transformations, but also contributes to the formation of a new, more balanced gender narrative of heroism, free from stereotyping.

Gender aspects must be part of pharmacology teaching. Pharmacology offers a wealth of examples that prove on the one hand that sex and gender aspects of drug therapy are clinically relevant and on the other hand show that there are still striking omissions in pharmacological research and drug approval. And we should not forget that drug therapy is more than just applied pharmacology and includes, for example doctor-patient communication in the context of a prescription conversation. Moreover, it is not only that sex can make differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and thus in drug therapy-sex and gender can also play a role in (medical) education. Finally, gender-related discrimination continues to be a problem in our society and universities have set themselves the task of having an impact on society as the so-called "third mission". Pharmacology and drug therapy are excellent for working not only on this mission but also on creating awareness among future physicians of the importance of fair and appropriate consideration of sex and gender in medicine and society.

Advances in information technology have given rise to various new forms of crime in the digital realm, one of which is revenge porn, namely the act of spreading intimate content without consent as a form of revenge, generally carried out by ex-partners. This phenomenon has a serious impact on the psychological condition of victims, especially women, while existing legal instruments often do not provide optimal protection. This research focuses on analyzing legal protection for victims of revenge porn in Indonesia and examining the dynamics of the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim from a legal psychology perspective. The methodology used is normative juridical legal research with a qualitative approach through literature study. Data sources were obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, which were then analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods. The findings show that even though there are regulations such as the TPKS Law, ITE Law, and Pornography Law, protection for victims is still not effective. Victims often experience victim blaming, social pressure and psychological trauma without adequate recovery. This research concludes that the current legal protection approach is retributive and does not provide comprehensive recovery for victims. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach is needed that integrates legal, psychological and gender aspects, as well as strengthening psychosocial rehabilitation as part of restorative justice.

Numeracy literacy skills are abilities that need to be trained and developed, focusing on understanding concepts and mathematical calculations as well as their application in the process of contextual problem-solving. Specifically, the level of numeracy literacy in each school in Indonesia has not yet been identified, particularly in the context of reaction rates in chemistry, which is rarely analyzed. Therefore, this study aims to describe the overall level of students' numeracy literacy on the topic of reaction rates, based on numeracy literacy indicators, gender, and cognitive aspects in Bloom's taxonomy. This research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, involving 60 students as subjects. The research instrument consisted of 20 essay questions about numeracy literacy skills related to the topic of reaction rates, with a reliability of 0.817, categorized as very high. The research results indicate that, overall, the level of numeracy literacy on the topic of reaction rates remains low, with a percentage of 37.74%. Based on indicators, (1) the ability to analyze information in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, and charts reached 47.09%; (2) the use of numbers and symbols was 36.07%; (3) interpreting analysis results to make decisions was 34.28%. Based on gender, male students achieved a rate of 39.61%, while female students achieved a rate of 37.06%. Based on cognitive aspects in Bloom's Taxonomy, C4 (analyzing) achieved the highest score of 50.44%, followed by C5 (evaluating) at 32.08%, C3 (applying) at 29.70%, and C6 (creating) at 21.50. These findings emphasize the importance of improving numeracy literacy skills in Indonesia, especially in chemistry education. These results can also serve as a basis for teachers in designing learning strategy policies by integrating numerical skills, data interpretation, and logical reasoning to enhance students' numeracy literacy in chemistry learning more broadly.

Abstract This study examines the role of young Syrian grassroots-level women organizers from inside and outside Syria in the Syrian Revolution of 2011, with particular emphasis on two approaches adopted by the voices of nonviolent activists: dialogical and dialectical. Based on interviews conducted with Syrian women, this essay analyzes the nonviolent movement in relation to intersectional paradigms of ethnicity, gender, and nation, focusing on the subjectivity of Syrian women and investigating their strategies of nonviolent resistance. It examines how Syrian women viewed the intersectionality of their lives and activism by raising awareness of gender aspects in the Syrian revolution. The article claims that Syrian activists view the dichotomy of the oppressed and oppressor in a complex manner, carving out new spaces and roles for themselves within the structure of the revolution and its narrative. It further contends that examining the myriad ways in which these women experience political oppression enhances the understanding of the composition of Syrian women’s resistance and the politics of their belonging to Syria. Investigating the collective narrative of Syrian women’s nonviolent resistance, this essay highlights women’s agency in creating change and advancing a democratic and pluralistic Syria.

Abstract Over the 21st century, European governments have introduced language and civic knowledge-tests as requirements for integration stages such as permanent residency and citizenship. Such requirements have been justified as a tool to incentivize host-language acquisition among immigrants and improve integration. By applying the newly developed Language Policy Index for Migrants to recent rounds of the European Social Survey, we explore whether these desired effects exist. We focus on the economic integration of non-EU migrants, for whom these requirements mainly apply. In a logistic multilevel model with ESS-data from 18 countries, no support is found that stricter requirements improve employment for non-EU migrants in general. However, there is no pattern suggesting that chances of employment are higher in lenient settings either. When incorporating a gender dimension, results suggest that strict requirements may have excluding effects on the employment of male non-EU migrants, while they could benefit that of female non-EU migrants. We relate this to gender-based differences in labor market attachment, occupational choice, and the importance of language proficiency in working tasks. This study joins a rather limited literature evaluating civic integration requirements and makes a contribution regarding the gender aspect, further underscoring the complexity of the effects of these policies.

The article analyzes the gender aspects of women's participation in the formation of the digital legal space. It examines the problems of digital violence, equal opportunities, and the role of women in lawmaking. The research is based on the analysis of international standards and national experiences.

Prior research has shown that women tend to be more responsive to infant cues than men. However, the influence of different aspects of social gender, like gender norms associated with femininity and masculinity, on individual responses to infant cues, has received no attention to date. This study is the first to investigate how gender roles, conceptualized as continuous traits of femininity and masculinity, are associated with electrophysiological responses to facial stimuli from infants and adults. Electroencephalography was used to record the neural activity of 60 nonparent adults (50% women) while they completed an emotion recognition task displaying infant and adult faces expressing happy, neutral, or sad emotions. Participants also completed an Italian translation of the Bem Sex Role Inventory to assess levels of femininity and masculinity. Results showed that higher levels of femininity were statistically significantly associated with a larger N170 amplitude in response to infant faces. This finding indicates that individuals who adhere more to sociocultural roles associated with femininity exhibit enhanced perceptual processing of infant faces at a very early stage. Our evidence underscores the potential contribution of cultural norms associated with gender to infant cue processing and highlights the need to consider different aspects of social gender in research in this area.

This paper looks into the spatial pattern, occupational pattern and gender inequality of child labour in the districts of Haryana with reference to NCR areas. Using the 2021 Census and other recent research findings, the study discusses the geographical distribution of child labour prevalence, noting the role of urbanization, industrialization and farming system. It highlights areas of high, moderate, low and very low child labour participation and indicates how rural areas are major contributors in the determination of child labour patterns. It is even more noteworthy that the districts like Jind, Bhiwani and Charkhi Dadri have higher rates of child labour, mainly in primary sector activities whereas the districts which are more urbanized, like Gurugram and Faridabad have lower rates of child labour with more participation in the tertiary sectors. The paper also examines the gender aspect of child labour whereby child labour amongst females is more concentrated in the rural areas particularly in primary activities whereas male child labour is more concentrated in primary, secondary and tertiary activities. Moreover, the study also examines the differences between primary and marginal child labour and concludes that marginal child labour is still a major issue, especially in the areas which are rapidly industrializing. This paper will highlight what policy interventions are required to alleviate child labour in Haryana, and these are improving education, economic opportunities, and toughening of law enforcement.

Sericulture, rearing of silkworm and planting of mulberry have great potential to uplift the rural economy in Mizoram, especially in ecologically favorable areas of Aibawk Circle in Aizawl district. Although sericulture in Mizoram could diversify income and empower women, this practice is on a declining trend, with most families dropping out of the system on account of systemic difficulties. This paper fills in an important research gap by looking at not only the economic aspect of sericulture but also the gender aspect and sustainability in a transitional rural economy. Purposive sampling was used to carry out household surveys in 5 villages in Aibawk Circle. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. The results indicate that even though sericulture requires additional income, helps in resilience, and involves both males and females, it has a marginal economic impact. The social diversities of women are extensive in the labour-intensive activities, but there is no empowerment in their decision-making. The main obstacles are the lack of access to mulberry leaves and the low prices of cocoon, which discourage families. The findings suggest that sericulture has the potential to be a more viable livelihood practice, provided structural constraints are mitigated and this has implications for the policy of rural development and empowerment programs targeting women in Mizoram.

This paper examines sports journalists’ understandings of the gendered aspects of producing sports content for Irish media. Using a small-scale qualitative study, with a purposive sample of 15 journalists, the paper explores whether journalists see the masculinist culture of sports news production as a key site of gender change. The findings note that respondents saw gender inequality in sports media as a historical legacy issue. Barriers to more equitable coverage were described in terms of practical challenges, available space and resources, legacy practices, knowledge-deficits and a dependence on individual advocates. Respondents did not name a masculinist culture of sports production as a key barrier to change. The mechanisms that sports journalists believed were needed to promote gender equality were located in factors that were extrinsic to the masculinist culture of the newsroom. Respondents flagged the importance of social media activism, women’s sporting success and investment in infrastructure as relevant to change. They highlighted roles for NGBs, sources, sponsors, and male allies. Despite some adjustments to include more women the masculinist culture of sports journalism largely goes unquestioned and so women in sport remain the exception to the rule of sport journalism as inherently masculine.

ABSTRACT The present article discusses the gender aspect of the shund (trash) story entitled Der retsyehekh un di retseyekhte (Murderer and Murderess), written by Fruma Dreizin in 1875. This short booklet contains a criminal story written from a woman's perspective. In the article, we argue that it was authored by a woman. Such a fact would mean a discovery in the history of Yiddish literature in Eastern Europe. While in other European literature, the nineteenth century was a period of development of female prose, Yiddish culture saw a different tendency: a complete lack of women prose writers. One of the first stories published in the Yiddish press by a woman is dated to 1887. Thus, Dreizin's booklet, published as a separate book already in the 1870s, is worthy of analysis and should take its due place in Yiddish literary history.

Background. Atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases exhibit significant ethnic and regional variability in risk factors. Kazakhstan’s high cardiovascular disease mortality rates necessitate population-specific profiling, particularly given urban-rural disparities and lifestyle differences unique to Central Asia. Methods. This cross-sectional study (2023–2024) analyzed 368 Kazakhstani adults stratified by European Atherosclerosis Society risk tiers: low (n=67), high (n=127), and very high risk (very high-risk group, n=174). Assessments included lipid profiles (low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A ratio), lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, physical activity), and residence (urban/rural). Statistical analyses employed multiclass logistic regression (MNLogit) with FDR-adjusted p-values. Results. Age (OR=8.01, 95% CI:4.40–14.58, p<0.001), male sex (OR=3.27, CI:1.82– 5.88), and smoking (OR=7.19, CI:1.52–34.15) were strongly associated with very highrisk group. Rural residents faced 2.6-fold higher very high-risk group odds (CI:1.52– 5.68, p=0.002) versus urban counterparts. Protective effects emerged for physical activity (OR=0.03, CI:0.004–0.32) and female sex (High-Density Lipoprotein: +8.1 mg/dL vs. males, p<0.001). No alcohol association was observed (p=0.836). Conclusion. A thorough study of the gender aspect of the development of atherosclerotic pathology is required. Physical activity has a strong protective effect. It is interesting that, according to the comparative analysis of binary variables, rural residents have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Freedom of expression on Twitter often leads to issues such as hate speech, which may include provocation, incitement, or insults based on race, religion, gender, and other aspects. To address this issue, machine learning techniques can be applied to automatically classify hate speech. Therefore, this study aims to implement a machine learning–based approach for automatic hate speech aspect classification and to evaluate the accuracy of the obtained results. Support Vector Machine is used as the classifier method, with FastText as the word embedding method in the categorization process of hate speech aspects. The categorized aspects include abusive, individual, group, religion, race, physical, gender and other. The dataset used in this research is a collection of Indonesian tweets from Kaggle, which have been classified into each aspect. This study also tested combinations of preprocessing methods, namely filtering with stemming and the FastText pre-trained model. From the test results of the application of the Support Vector Machine method with FastText word embedding, with parameters C value = 1.0, gamma = 1.0 and RBF kernel and the ratio between training data and testing data is 90:10, the best results were obtained accuracy 98%, precision 98%, recall 98% and F1-Score 97% on Physical and Gender aspects. In addition, this study also tested if it did not use fasttext word embedding and the accuracy results showed 84%, precision 74%, recall 86% and F1 Score 79% in the abbusive aspect.

This article attempts to understand the scholarly contributions of Doctor of Sociology Professor Galina I. Osadchaya to the study of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The subject of this study is the concep-tualization of sociological Eurasian integration as developed by Professor Osadchaya. The article covers key areas such as public perception of EAEU integration, migration processes, social memory among youth, and value foundations for consolidation. The purpose of this article is to systematically analyze Professor Osadcha-ya’s contribution to the sociology of EAEU integration based on a chronological analysis of her scientific work from 2012 to 2022. The study aims to assess the significance of her contributions for understanding social as-pects of EAEU integration. A hypothesis of this research is that Professor Osadchaya’s work laid the groundwork for an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing EAEU, shifting focus from economic metrics to social factors for successful integration. This research methodology involves analyzing scientific publications by Professor Osadchaya and her team (2013-2019). Results of this work show that Professor Osadchaya developed a sociologi-cal framework for measuring social performance in EAEU through a system of metrics. She also developed the concept of "human dimensions" in integration, arguing that economic reform requires consideration of popula-tion adaptation. Additionally, she classified key challenges such as imbalances in youth perceptions of EAEU, gender aspects in migration, and contradictions in historic memory. Professor Osadchaya’s other contributions include institutionalizing the scientific study of integration processes within the EAEU framework through the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences and international projects. The authors particularly note the research principles of Galina I. Osadchaya, based on sociological dimensions of integration processes, a focus on empirical research through survey methods, and the importance of using scientific results in the devel-opment of EAEU social policy, optimization of migratory regulation, and Eurasian integration educational pro-grams.

The article examines the specifics of the monastery as a social institution within a distinct society—the Cossacks. In the public consciousness, a monastery is traditionally perceived as a closed ecclesiastical institution, where monks pray in the church and cells, interacting little with the outside, secular world. However, in the "Cossack" self-supporting monasteries examined in this article, the situation was somewhat different. These monasteries performed a variety of functions: liturgical, social welfare, socio-political, depository, patrimonial (ownership), settlement (monastery-household), charitable, and archival. According to the authors, frontier and gender concepts allow us to view a number of issues of monastic life and the significance of monasteries in social space from a slightly different perspective, as the southern Russian frontier (where the Cossacks emerged) differentiated monasteries into two types: those located directly within the territory of the Don Cossacks and those established outside it. Gender-specific "Cossack" monasteries distinguished themselves by their social and charitable functions: in the male version, they accepted new residents from among the elderly, sick, and disabled Cossacks; in the female version, residents included Cossack widows left without their breadwinners, and young women of Cossack descent, who found themselves outside the social sphere, mostly at the behest of their fathers. This, in another way, characterises the warrior-like religiosity of the Don Cossacks. Although God equalised men and women in the right of faith and prayer, the embodied male faith of the Cossacks, a sign of trust in a situation that occupies an important place in traditional Cossack culture, to a certain extent counters the female conspiratorial mentality of Cossack women, with its belief in prayer, in conspiracy, and in atonement for the sins of not only their own but also those of their beloved male warriors. Comparing historical Cossack monasteries, both male and female, with modern monastic communities located in historically Cossack regions, the authors conclude that the latter differ significantly from their predecessors. This raises the question of the retrospective adoption of the previous positive social and cultural experiences of "Cossack" monastic life.

In 1937-1938, ethnic Koreans residing in the Soviet Far East were deported to Central Asia and Kazakhstan. This article examines the process of social adaptation of Soviet Koreans in Uzbekistan through the lens of physical culture and sport. Sport is analyzed both as a means of integration into the Soviet socio-cultural system and as a platform for expressing ethnocultural identity amid forced migration and assimilationist pressures. Using examples from specific sports disciplines and considering gender aspects, the article highlights the role of Koreans in shaping the sports movement in mid-20th-century Uzbekistan. Additionally, the influence of Korean athletes on the development of regional sports in the post-Soviet period is explored, including contemporary aspects of sports cooperation between Uzbekistan and South Korea. Sport is presented not only as a tool of adaptation, but also as a mechanism for representing Korean subjectivity in the context of historical trauma and cultural transformation.

Aim. Optimization of surgical coronary revascularization tactics for women and men, based on a comparative analysis of modern coronary surgery techniques from the CROWN-SAGA (Coronary Revascularization Outcomes Within Necessary Sex And Gender Aspects) study.Material and methods. Single-center CROWN-SAGA study (NCT06749171) presented a comparative analysis of the impact of preoperative profile and range of surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery on short- and long-term outcomes in women and men. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, MACCE) during the long-term follow-up. The secondary endpoint was allcause mortality during the long-term followup.Results. Among the included sample of 400 patients (200 women and 200 men) in the CROWNSAGA study, women were older than men and had less favorable preoperative profile. Short-term in-hospital outcomes in terms of mortality and MACCE were comparable between women and men. Over long-term follow-up, the incidence of MACCE was 21.2 % in women and 16.2 % in men (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.72; 1.82], p = 0.557) and the incidence of death was 11.1 % in women and 10.2 % in men (HR = 0.94 [95 % CI 0.51; 1.72], p = 0.83), women had higher risks of MI (HR = 6.66 [95 % CI 0.83; 53.28], p = 0,038), repeat revascularization (HR = 4.11 [95 % CI 1.18; 14.32], p = 0.016) and stroke (HR = 1.24 [95 % CI 0.59; 2.6], p = 0.567). ONCAB compared to OPCAB within the men cohort had a significantly lower risk of death (HR = 0.28 [95 % CI 0.09; 0.91], p = 0.03). Women had an increased risk of graft occlusion. All Off-pumps strata (OPCAB, NTA, MICSCAB) compared with ONCAB showed higher risk of adverse long-term outcomes among all patients in regard to MACCE (HR = 1.54 [95 % CI 0.95; 2.49], p = 0.08), death (HR = 2.17 [95 % CI 1.14; 4.14], p = 0.016) and graft occlusion. Predictor of long-term MACCE and death for women was use of composite grafts, while for men — ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40 %, age > 70 years, and off-pump CABG. Considering the obtained data and identified predictors, CABG approach for both sexes implies complete coronary revascularization with an increased number of distal anastomoses, the use of arterial grafts, use of sequential grafts, limiting use of venous conduits, for women limiting use of composite grafting, while for men an adherence to an anoartic technique and the use of composite grafting.Conclusions. The developed algorithm for surgical management is based on a sex and gender approach and a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of CABG techniques aimed at improving patient outcomes after coronary revascularization, particularly reducing the burden of adverse CABG outcomes among women. Recommended approach for both women and men involves complete arterial revascularization and sequential anastomoses; for women we advise surgical techniques that reduce the risk of sternal and wound complications, along with limiting the use of composite grafts; for men the use of composite grafts is permissible and the no-touch-aorta (NTA) technique is advised.

The article presents the prerequisites for the formation of the Yaroslavl School of Family Law - in the form of the works of a number of professors of the Demidov Law Lyceum, professors and associate professors of the early period of the Yaroslavl State University, which was recreated in 1970, a "picture of the research world" of teachers of the Department of Social and Family Law is proposed. The views of the department on modern family law, family law and judicial practice in family and related cases (from the point of view of their effectiveness and fairness) are demonstrated. The systematic nature of research is emphasized, including in collaboration with other departments, primarily the Department of Labor and Financial Law, with whose scientists several monographs have been published on the problems of interaction in the fields of family and labor, private and public principles of methods of legal regulation of relevant relations, gender aspects of Russian law, the specifics of the goals and content of the contract structure in these areas. It was also noted that in their educational publications, the teachers of the department strive to combine information of an applied type with the provisions of fundamental legal science, including a discussion plan (the textbook "Children's Law" is the most striking example of this kind). The topic of prospective research of the department devoted to the legal problems of ensuring, protecting and protecting traditional Russian family values is stated.