Gasoline Range Research Articles

Bioethanol production from different Matooke peels species: A surprising source for alternative fuel

Conversion of agro-industrial wastes to energy is an innovative technique for waste valorization and management which reduces exhaust emissions and offers socioeconomic benefits. The goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of producing bioethanol from a renewable and sustainable energy resource which is matooke species peels through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The properties of the bioethanol were measured according to relevant ASTM standards and compared, and analyzed by gas chromatography. The results shows that the bioethanol yield for the two samples through fermentation process was found to be 71.54 g/L for the Mbwazirume variety and 70.57 g/L for the Nakyinyika variety, and the selected parameters have a strong correlation with the ethanol yield, as analyzed by ANOVA. In conclusion, matooke bioethanol properties are within the acceptable range of standard ethanol and gasoline. These matooke bioethanol can be used in the development of further experiments on performance and exhaust emissions test in spark-ignition (SI) engines.

Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Sorbitol into Bio‐Alkanes and ‐Alcohols Over Phosphated Ruthenium Molybdenum Catalysts

AbstractBiofuels such as renewable alkanes and higher alcohols have drawn considerable interests for the use in internal combustion engines. Especially, higher alcohols could be used as a blending agent for diesel fuels. Herein, carbon supported phosphated ruthenium‐molybdenum (RuMoP) catalysts were employed in continuous trickle‐bed reactor for converting sorbitol into renewable alkanes and higher alcohols. The results showed that RuMoP on an active carbon (AC) support presented a complete sorbitol conversion and high yields of alkanes and alcohols in gasoline and diesel range. Subsequently, carbon nanotube (CNT) supported RuMoP was prepared and studied in detail for comparison. RuMoP/CNT presented a low C−C bond cracking property in sorbitol conversion and high selectivity of C6 products in gas‐phase (C6 alkane, 74.7 %) and oil‐phase (C6 alkane and alcohols, 87.8 %). Finally, detailed characterizations (N2‐adsorption, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, NH3‐TPD, Py‐IR spectrums, etc.) were performed over relevant catalysts (RuMoP/C and RuMoP/CNT) for correlating their catalytic and physicochemical properties.

Methanol to Gasoline Conversion over CuO/ZSM-5 Catalyst Synthesized Using Sonochemistry Method

AbstractIn this research, the catalytic conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons has been studied over CuO (5 %)/ZSM-5 and CuO (7 %)/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared via sonochemistry methods. Conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) has been carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and 400˚C temperature, over copper oxide on the synthesized ZSM-5 catalyst. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, and FTIR techniques; in which good crystallinity and high specific surface area of synthesized zeolite were proved after impregnation of zeolite with copper. The present investigation suggests that the CuO/ZSM-5 catalyst made by sonochemistry method can increase the yield toward hydrocarbon production. It was concluded that impregnation of zeolite with copper oxide can alter the Brønsted/Lewis acid sites ratio and provide new Lewis acid sites over the surface of the ZSM-5. The main products of methanol to gasoline reaction over the catalyst that prepared via sonochemistry method were toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, ethyl toluene, tetra methylbenzene, diethyl benzene and butylbenzene. The total amount of aromatics in the products was 80 % by using this catalyst. Our results suggest that catalyst synthesized by using sonochemistry shows better production yield toward hydrocarbons by affecting the distribution of active sites on the surface of the ZSM-5.

Production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking of linoleic acid over various acidic zeolite catalysts.

Employment of edible oils as alternative green fuel for vehicles had raised debates on the sustainability of food supply especially in the third-world countries. The non-edible oil obtained from the abundantly available rubber seeds could mitigate this issue and at the same time reduce the environmental impact. Therefore, this paper investigates the catalytic cracking reaction of a model compound named linoleic acid that is enormously present in the rubber seed oil. Batch-scale experiments were conducted using 8.8mL Inconel batch reactor having a cyclic horizontal swing span of 2cm with a frequency of 60cycles per minute at 450°C under atmospheric condition for 90min. The performance of HZSM-5, HBeta, HFerrierite, HMordenite and HY catalysts was tested for their efficiency in favouring gasoline range hydrocarbons. The compounds present in the organic liquid product were then analysed using GC-MS and classified based on PIONA which stands for paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthenes and aromatics respectively. The results obtained show that HZSM-5 catalyst favoured gasoline range hydrocarbons that were rich in aromatics compounds and promoted the production of desired isoparaffin. It also gave a higher cracking activity; however, large gaseous as by-products were produced at the same time.

Study on the Catalytic Effect of Nitric Acid Activated Myanmar Natural Clay for the Degradation of Plastic Wastes

In this study, the performance of different acid treated Myanmar Natural Clay (Mabisian) was conducted the pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes, 40% high density polyethylene, 30% polypropylene, 25% low density polyethylene and 5% polystyrene. Mabisian clay was refluxed with different concentration of nitric acid (2M, 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M) at 100ºC for 3hrs followed by calcination at 500ºC for 1hr. The physico-chemical characteristics of resulted leached clay were studied by X-Ray Fluoresence spectroscopy (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The pyrolytic oil was characterized by Gas Chromatography – mass spectopy (GC-MS). XRF and FTIR studies indicated that acid treatment under reflux condition lead to the removal of octahedral Al3+ cations along with other impurities. The chemical treatment increased the Si/Al ratio. The maximum liquid yield (75%) was obtained at 12 M nitric acid, 3hr reaction time and 100 º C reaction temperatures. In addition, the percent peak area of gasoline range hydrocarbon was obtained 55.6% at optimum condition. Thus, the treated clay can be used as promising as catalyst support.

Study on the Catalytic Effect of Nitric Acid Activated Myanmar Natural Clay for the Degradation of Plastic Wastes

In this study, the performance of different acid treated Myanmar Natural Clay (Mabisian) was conducted the pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes, 40% high density polyethylene, 30% polypropylene, 25% low density polyethylene and 5% polystyrene. Mabisian clay was refluxed with different concentration of nitric acid (2M, 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M) at 100ºC for 3hrs followed by calcination at 500ºC for 1hr. The physico-chemical characteristics of resulted leached clay were studied by X-Ray Fluoresence spectroscopy (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The pyrolytic oil was characterized by Gas Chromatography – mass spectopy (GC-MS). XRF and FTIR studies indicated that acid treatment under reflux condition lead to the removal of octahedral Al3+ cations along with other impurities. The chemical treatment increased the Si/Al ratio. The maximum liquid yield (75%) was obtained at 12 M nitric acid, 3hr reaction time and 100 º C reaction temperatures. In addition, the percent peak area of gasoline range hydrocarbon was obtained 55.6% at optimum condition. Thus, the treated clay can be used as promising as catalyst support.

From hydrophilic to hydrophobic: A promising approach to tackle high CO2 selectivity of Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch microcapsule catalysts

Zeolite supported Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysis has attracted extensive attentions in past few years. Capsule catalysts have unique characteristics of tuning product selectivity more precisely and enhancing stability of catalysts during reaction, which makes them to stand out of the crowed. Fe-based FT catalysts have been facing limitations for syngas conversion to hydrocarbons with their associated problems of high CO2 selectivity and rapid catalyst deactivation. A series of ZSM-5 supported Fe-based microcapsule catalysts, composed of Fe/ZSM-5 core and silicalite-1 shell, was prepared and employed for direct synthesis of gasoline range hydrocarbons from syngas. Tuning silicalite-1 shell thickness significantly affected water-gas shift reaction with increasing hydrophobicity of catalyst surface, and greatly decreased CO2 selectivity. The microcapsule catalysts significantly suppressed the CO2 selectivity as compared with supported Fe-based catalyst. Moreover, all zeolite supported Fe-based catalysts, showed significantly high gasoline range hydrocarbons selectivity (about 60%). The proposed catalyst design suggests a promising approach to overcome high CO2 selectivity challenge associated with Fe-based FT catalysts.

Co-pyrolysis of waste polypropylene and rice bran wax‒ production of biofuel and its characterization

The present study aims to investigate the interaction during co-pyrolysis of Polypropylene (PP) and Rice bran wax (RBW). Initial characterization of feedstock was found to be suitable to carry out further experimental sets. Further, the pyrolysis experiments of PP, RBW and different blends (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1) were carried out in a semi-batch reactor. As per TGA analysis the temperature range between 400 °C and 650 °C at a constant heating rate of 25 °C/min was determined. The maximum liquid yield of PP, RBW was approximately 76%, 86% at the temperature of 500 °C and 600 °C respectively. Whereas maximum liquid yield from co‒pyrolysis was obtained at 1:3 blend i.e. 81% at 550 °C.GC‒MS results inferred the highest percentage of hydrocarbon whereas 1:3 blends has lower oxygen containing groups than RBW in liquid products. FTIR data of all blends indicates higher range of alkyl and aromatic compounds. H1 NMR results also confirmed the higher compounds into aliphatic region than aromatics or heteroaromatics groups. Further, most of the fuel properties of 1:3 blend falls within the range of gasoline and diesel properties. Study was extended to know crystallization behaviour of fuel by DSC analysis from two consecutive heating and cooling cycles of −50 to 60 °C and reversed till −50 °C at 10 °C min −1. Two peaks at −24 °C and 26 °C were observed during heating cycle whereas single peak at 23 °C during cooling cycle. 1:3 blend residual char characterization was also included in the work. Unfortunately, the SEM and BET results inferred that the char was not highly porous.

Enhanced Conversion of Syngas to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons over Carbon Encapsulated Bimetallic FeMn Nanoparticles

Adjusting the hydrocarbon product distribution is the focus of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. A novel FeMn@C core–shell catalyst with bimetallic FeMn nanoparticles encapsulated in a carbon shell was synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method. In the FTS reaction, this catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity and C5+ hydrocarbons (especially for 63.3% C5–12 gasoline range products) selectivity as well as excellent stability compared to the Fe@C or traditional FeMn/SiO2 catalyst. The superior activity could be attributed to the enrichment of Fe elements at the margin stemming from the replacement of central Mn species, promoting the formation of more active iron carbides by combining with the surrounding carbonaceous matter. Particularly, the “confinement effect” of the core–shell structure for FeMn@C facilitated the polymerization of light olefins produced by Mn-modified Fe nanoparticles, resulting in more heavy hydrocarbons and enhanced stability. This work showed new insights to dev...

Pyrolysis behaviors of oilfield sludge based on Py-GC/MS and DAEM kinetics analysis

In this work, the effect of heating rate (10, 20, 50 and 100 K min−1) on oilfield sludge pyrolysis was studied on thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and the pyrolysis kinetics was investigated by means of the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The TG/DTG curves of oilfield sludge pyrolysis are shifted to higher temperatures evidently as the heating rates increase and the intensity of DTG peak is increased with the increase of heating rate. The pyrolysis process of oilfield sludge could be divided into two stage. Kinetics analysis by DAEM revealed that the activation energy (E) decreased from 99.54 to 44.19 kJ mol−1 in the conversion ratio range of 0.1–0.2, and then E raised up to 184.63 kJ mol−1 with increase of the conversion ratio. In addition, Py-GC/MS experiments were performed to investigated the types of products and their proportions in pyrolysis process of oilfield sludge at different pyrolysis temperature (758, 943 and 1193 K) and the corresponding mechanism for oilfield sludge pyrolysis was briefly discussed. Cracking depth of oilfield sludge can be significantly improved by increasing pyrolysis temperature, and the light molecule weight of hydrocarbons (C4C10) increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperatures. Moreover, the increase of pyrolysis temperature was also conducive to the decrease of the polycyclic compounds. However, there is an abrupt increase of aromatics yields (14.69%) when temperature is up to 1193 K. The change of content of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbons in pyrolysis products of oilfield sludge with pyrolysis temperature was also discussed.

Urban mining of fuel gases via low temperature pyrolysis of post-consumer high density polyethylene wastes

Low temperature pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) wastes was studied by adapting a cylindrical pressure cooking pot of height 30.00 cm with an internal diameter of 31.50 cm. The pyrolysis reaction was carried out with and without catalysts. The gases evolved during the pyrolysis were collected in Tedlar bags and analysis was done using a Buck 530 Gas chromatograph. Results when the pyrolysis was without catalyst, showed aliphatic hydrocarbons in the range of C 1 – C 10 with a total concentration of 87.0114 ppm and 93.9733 ppm at 200oC and 350oC respectively. The pyrolysis was repeated under catalytic influence of zeolite using catalyst/sample ratios of 1:8 and 1:16 at 150 oC and 250 oC. Results showed that the total yield of gases for HDPE under the zeolitic effect at temperatures of 150 oC and 250 oC using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 to be 159.4613 ppm and 394.4499 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 oC and 250 oC using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 595.8016 ppm and 724.0983 ppm respectively. The hydrocarbon gases revealed C 1 – C 10 aliphatic hydrocarbons which can be fractionated into fuel gases (C 1 – C 4 ), gasoline range gases (˃C 7 ) and organic solvents (C 5 – C 7 ). Keywords: Pyrolysis, high density polyethylene, zeolite, aliphatic hydrocarbon

Selective conversion of polystyrene into renewable chemical feedstock under mild conditions

The aim of this work is to prepare catalysts for energy efficient conversion of polystyrene (PS) and its waste into valuable products with high conversion at 250 °C. The FeCo/Alumina bimetallic catalyst was synthesized by aqueous impregnation and structurally determined using scanning-transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Successfully, we have achieved up to 91% liquid yield with selectivities for styrene monomer (SM) up to 45 wt% and ethylbenzene (EB) up to 55 wt%, depending on the exposure time at 250 °C by FeCo/Alumina which is comparable to those of reactions at high temperatures (≥350 °C). Further increase of catalyst loadings from 200 to 400 mg also led to the decrease in styrene yield and increase in ethylbenzene yield. The analysis of the resulting clear liquid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) indicates the generation of products in the gasoline range.

Fast Pyrolysis of Sunflower Oil in the Presence of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Production of Bio-Oil

The present work describes the study of micro (H-ZSM-5) and mesoporous (AL-MCM-41) structures, aiming at their application in the production of renewable fuels through the thermos-catalytic pyrolysis process both were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and surface acidity. The catalytic effect of the materials mentioned, as well as their mechanical mixtures in the proportions of H-ZSM-5 (75% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (25% wt); H-ZSM-5 (50% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (50% wt); H-ZSM-5 (25% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (75% wt) were used in the thermal and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of sunflower oil. The products obtained in the presence of H-ZSM-5 (25% wt) and AL-MCM-41(75% wt) showed selectivity for the conversion of hydrocarbons between C11 and C16, which is near that of the petroleum-derived kerosene and diesel (>C16). On the other hand, the H-ZSM-5 (75% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (25% wt) material, in which the majoritarian catalyst is the microporous, with active sites and a higher surface acidity, indicates selectivity for light hydrocarbons (C5-C10), in the range of gasoline obtained by the conversion of mineral oil. The presence of catalysts (AL-MCM-41and H-ZSM-5) favors the deoxygenation of the pyrolysis products of sunflower oil by decarbonylation reaction.

Conversion of Polypropylene Plastic Waste Into Liquid Fuel with Catalytic Cracking Process Using Al2O3 as Catalyst

Approximately 129 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and from that amount, almost entirely produced from petroleum, while the needs on fuel oil (BBM) is continuously increasing, leading to the depletion of oil and gas reserves. However, besides the problem of raw materials derived from petroleum, the use of conventional plastic as packaging material facing various environmental problems, such as cannot be recycled and cannot be degraded naturally by the environment, causing a pile of plastic waste that causes environmental pollution. Thus, it is crucial to find a solution that can solve both problems. One method of processing plastic waste is to convert it into hydrocarbon fuels. Conversion of plastic waste can be done with the catalytic cracking process which is often used because it utilizes a catalyst to reduce the high temperatures used in the thermal cracking process and save on energy consumption. In this research, the raw material that was used was polypropylene in the form of mineral water cups, and the catalyst used was Al2O3. The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of the cracking process’ length of time, catalyst weight (% catalyst) and range of temperature towards the mass, characteristics, and composition of the product. The length of the cracking time was varied into 20, 40 and 60 minutes, while the % catalyst was varied into 4%, 6%, and 8%, and the operating temperature was varied into 150, 200, 300 and 350oC. From the research, the highest mass of liquid product was obtained at the variation of 350oC, 4% of catalyst for 60 minutes, with the value of 87.3 gr, with a total yield of 17.5%. While the characteristics were 0.762 gr/mL for density, 0.778 for Spgr and 50.4 for oAPI Gravity. As for the other products from different variations had lower mass and yield of liquid, but the characteristics were still in gasoline range’s characteristics. Two samples were analyzed by its composition, and although showed the different value of percentage, both also showed that the liquid product was included into gasoline range (C5-C12).

Production of 2-methylfuran from biomass through an integrated biorefinery approach

Herein we present a high yield 2-methylfuran production process with the required features to be implemented in a future integrated biorefinery. The strategy is based on the right solvent selection, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, which i) can be used to extract the reactant, furfural, from the aqueous solution obtained after corncob biomass hydrolysis; ii) allows for highly selective 2-methylfuran production form furfural with up to 80% yields and iii) presents suitable biofuel properties in the gasoline range. Using this innovative approach, two energy intensive separation steps are avoided: the initial furfural purification and the final solvent/product complete separation. Further benefits of this process arise from the developed low-cost, selective, and reusable Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

Effect of the promoter presence in catalysts on the compositions of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis products

The effects of alkali promoters namely potassium, copper, and manganese, on the performance of the bi-functional iron–low acidity ZSM-5 catalysts in the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis were studied. ZSM-5 with very high silica alumina ratio (SAR) of 280 was used to take advantage of its shape selectivity and suppressing the effect of alkali migration on zeolite cation exchange sites. One bi-functional iron base catalyst (FeZ), three single promoted (KFeZ, CuFeZ, MnFeZ) and four multiple promoted (CuKFeZ, CuMnFeZ, KMnFeZ, CuKMnFeZ) catalysts were synthesized by the incipient to wetness impregnation method. They were characterized by XRD, BET, TPR, TEM and TPD analyses methods and tested for their FT synthesis activities.Promoters had considerable impacts on the compositions and the hydrocarbon distributions of the FT synthesis products. Addition of promoters resulted in an increase of up to 8.5–56% and 20–743% in the synthesis of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbons, respectively. Consequently, the production of the total liquid fuel (gasoline+diesel) also increased from 48% (base catalyst) to 64–79% (promoted catalysts). The highest gasoline range hydrocarbon production was obtained from MnFeZ and CuKMnFeZ (≈70%) while CuKMnFeZ produced a FT product having the highest total liquid fuel (≈79%).

Production of diesel fractions by catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil and its mixture with cottonseed oil under the influence of a magnetic field

The influence of the 0.4 T magnetic field on catalytic cracking of the vacuum gasoil and its mixture with 5% cottonseed oil was evaluated. Magnetic field intensity excites aromatic resins existing in the vacuum gasoil and causes more effective cracking. Catalytic cracking was conducted using commercial X-zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst and reaction products, especially gasoline and diesel fractions were analyzed in detail. Magnetic field increased the yield of the diesel fraction from 7 to 33% and enriched its composition with aromatic hydrocarbons while opposite effect was observed in gasoline. Cracking mechanisms in formation of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbons were briefly discussed.

Effect of natural zeolite and kaolin as a catalyst in the isothermal-catalytic cracking of real municipal solid waste (MSW) for bio-oil production

A real MSW conversion into bio-oil by pyrolysis method had been investigated. The pyrolysis experiment was carried out in an isothermal fixed bed reactor at 400 °C for 60 min. Natural activated zeolite and kaolin catalysts were employed in this process with catalyst-MSW at ratio of 0.5 w/w. Influence of activated catalyst to pyrolysis productivity and bio-oil properties were studied. Comparison between zeolite and kaolin catalytic pyrolysis was examined and bio-oil products were analyzed by GC-MS. The yields of liquid fuel or bio-oil were found around 23.6 and 21.4% for kaolin and zeolite catalytic pyrolysis, respectively. The carbon range distribution in bio-oil were 65.38% of gasoline range (C5-C12) and 33.49% of diesel range (C13-C20) for activated kaolin catalytic cracking. Activated zeolite had 51.62% of gasoline range (C5-C12) and 48.37% of diesel range (C13-C20). The results showed that both of bio-oil products mostly contained paraffin and olefin. The use of kaolin as catalyst was better than zeolite in converting the real MSW into bio-oil.

Direct conversion of simulated propene-rich bio-syngas to liquid iso-hydrocarbons via FT-oligomerization integrated catalytic process

The bio-syngas formed from the catalytic cracking of bio-oil include two types of useful components which are light olefin and H2, CO. The integration of FTS and olefinic polymerization seems potential way for the production of hydrocarbon bio-fuels while fully utilizing the olefin-rich bio-syngas. This work aimed to develop an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons directly from the olefin-rich bio-syngas through a one-stage process, which included the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons via the oligomerization of light olefin over HZSM-5 along with the FT (Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis of H2, CO over FeMn catalyst. A series of integration configuration composed of Fe-based catalyst (FeMn) and acidic zeolite (HZSM-5) were investigated, it was found that the undesired hydrogenation of lower olefin on the nearby metal active site seems greatly affected the yield of C5+ . More significantly, the proximity of the two active components plays a crucial role in suppressing the undesired hydrogenation reaction and contributing to the high selectivity of liquid hydrocarbons. The optimal catalytic performance yields a high selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons (87.3%) with excellent low olefin hydrogenation selectivity (7.4%). Meanwhile, the obtained gasoline-range hydrocarbon showed high degree of isomerization. The integrated transformation process potentially provides an alternative way for the production of gasoline range isomerized hydrocarbon fuels using olefin-rich bio-syngas.