Stove Research Articles

Comprehensive Review on Thermal Performance Enhancement of Domestic Gas Stoves.

Cooking is a daily activity in every household, which consumes energy and produces pollution. Using clean gas fuels instead of traditional solid fuels will significantly reduce household air pollution. Although the use of clean-burning burners can reduce emissions, early domestic gas cookers had poor thermal performance. Currently, even small improvements in efficiency can result in significant energy savings due to the large number of domestic gas stoves in use. There has been a long history of research into the development of domestic gas stoves to improve performance and reduce energy consumption. Meanwhile, research into the use of hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a promising environmentally friendly fuel is increasing. In this paper, we perform a descriptive statistics and graphical visualization of network analysis by combining common databases with Bibliometrix. We also analyze the energy balance of domestic gas stoves and the influence of a single factor and multiple factors on stove performance. Then we provide a detailed overview of some research technologies in enhancing the thermal performance of gas stoves. We also discuss the research progress and application prospects for the use of hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a fuel in domestic gas stoves and identify areas for future research and issues that need attention.

THE 1952 “BOOK OF TASTY AND HEALTHY FOOD” IN THE SYSTEM OF IDEOLOGICAL MYTHS OF THE USSR

The article examines the 1952 “Book of Tasty and Healthy Food” in the context of the development of mass agitation and propaganda in the USSR. This colorful and richly illustrated publication was not only a guide to cooking, but also set the task of planting the idea of the achievements of socialist construction in people’s mind. The book proclaimed the triumph of the Soviet food industry and housing construction development. It was the first to describe such a social space as the kitchen, a place for cooking, and it dealt with a personal kitchen, and the appearance of gas stoves and refrigerators. The author shows that the guide, not least of all set the goal of stimulating the buying activity of citizens in order to replenish the state budget. The recipes presented in the book were aimed at different income strata of the society and people of various occupations. The book advertised delicatessen products: black caviar, artichokes, champagne, sturgeon, etc. At the same time, some of the recipes were targeted at working women, and the book featured a wide selection of convenience foods produced by the food industry. However, turning to the actual living conditions of citizens in this period allows us to conclude that for many readers the book was just a myth of a blissful life. The analysis of appeals made by citizens to the executive bodies shows that many of them did not even entertain the hope for the change for the better, and the process of modernization of the housing stock continued in violation of the norms of social justice. The abundance of food that was demonstrated in the book existed solely on paper. Even in large cities the distribution of food supplies to regular grocery stores was uneven. The situation in the provinces was even more patchy. In a planned economy, some foodstuffs were shipped over long distances. All this created the prerequisites for food shortage, and the “Book of Tasty and Healthy Food” was intended to fulfill, above all, an ideological mission.

Combustion temperature in a three-dimensional porous stove with a high-fidelity structure

The combustion temperature in a three-dimensional (3-D) porous stove was investigated numerically by using a novel high-fidelity structure of ceramic foam. The surface temperatures of the present stove were compared with those in corresponding experiments to verify the numerical model. Based on the discussion of gas velocity in the combustion state, the internal combustion temperature in the 3-D structure was analyzed by focusing on the solid–gas temperature profiles and the heat transfer characteristics. The results showed that large Venturi effects occurred with formation of jets on the upper surface of the ceramic foam. Numerous discrete flames were clearly formed in the 3-D pores of the ceramic foam and not only showed wrinkling induced by the staggered skeletons, but also differed significantly owing to the difference in pore structures, resulting in different temperature profiles in different axial cross-sections. The temperature for the axial cross-section with the same height was basically same in the circumferential direction, with even the same temperature difference between gas and solid. The driving force of internal heat transfer in porous media combustion (PMC) originates from the gas–solid temperature difference, resulting in the formation of an enclosing steady self-heat circulation process. The surface heat transfer coefficient (SHTC) obtained in this work agreed well with those of corresponding experiments in previous work. Their maximum region emerged near the interface between the distributor and foam ceramic, and not in the region of the maximum combustion temperature. The heat transfer coefficients gradually decreased along the axial direction in spite of undergoing combustion expansion, whereas it increased from the center to the outside edge in the radial direction. The results are conducive to numerical simulation of PMC, and helpful for combustion in domestic gas stoves.

Effects of a LPG stove and fuel intervention on adverse maternal outcomes: A multi-country randomized controlled trial conducted by the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN)

Household air pollution from solid cooking fuel use during gestation has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was a randomized controlled trial of free liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves and fuel in Guatemala, Peru, India, and Rwanda. A primary outcome of the main trial was to report the effects of the intervention on infant birth weight. Here we evaluate the effects of a LPG stove and fuel intervention during pregnancy on spontaneous abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and maternal mortality compared to women who continued to use solid cooking fuels. Pregnant women (18–34 years of age; gestation confirmed by ultrasound at 9–19 weeks) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 1593) or control (n = 1607) arm. Intention-to-treat analyses compared outcomes between the two arms using log-binomial models. Among the 3195 pregnant women in the study, there were 10 spontaneous abortions (7 intervention, 3 control), 93 hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (47 intervention, 46 control), 11 post postpartum hemorrhage (5 intervention, 6 control) and 4 maternal deaths (3 intervention, 1 control). Compared to the control arm, the relative risk of spontaneous abortion among women randomized to the intervention was 2.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 8.96), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 1.02 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.52), postpartum hemorrhage 0.83 (95% CI: 0.25, 2.71) and 2.98 (95% CI: 0.31, 28.66) for maternal mortality. In this study, we found that adverse maternal outcomes did not differ based on randomized stove type across four country research sites.

Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution.

Exposure pathways to the carcinogen benzene are well-established from tobacco smoke, oil and gas development, refining, gasoline pumping, and gasoline and diesel combustion. Combustion has also been linked to the formation of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde indoors from gas stoves. To our knowledge, however, no research has quantified the formation of benzene indoors from gas combustion by stoves. Across 87 homes in California and Colorado, natural gas and propane combustion emitted detectable and repeatable levels of benzene that in some homes raised indoor benzene concentrations above well-established health benchmarks. Mean benzene emissions from gas and propane burners on high and ovens set to 350 °F ranged from 2.8 to 6.5 μg min-1, 10 to 25 times higher than emissions from electric coil and radiant alternatives; neither induction stoves nor the food being cooked emitted detectable benzene. Benzene produced by gas and propane stoves also migrated throughout homes, in some cases elevating bedroom benzene concentrations above chronic health benchmarks for hours after the stove was turned off. Combustion of gas and propane from stoves may be a substantial benzene exposure pathway and can reduce indoor air quality.

Experimental investigation for combustion performance of hydrogen and natural gas fuel blends

The current study aims to investigate the effect of adding hydrogen into natural gas. Some significant parameters, such as natural gas consumption, heating time and heating value, are studied experimentally to observe the effects of hydrogen addition into natural gas on these parameters. Natural gas combustion in a gas stove is compared with the burning of hydrogen and natural gas blend in three different hydrogen volumetric fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. In order to minimize the errors in the experiments, the heating period is prolonged by using 5 kg of tap water heated from the ambient temperature to 60 °C. Two gas stoves are used for natural gas and hydrogen-natural gas blend simultaneously and under the same operating conditions. Tests are repeated and values are checked through an error analysis process. 0.045 m3 of natural gas and 0.011 m3 of hydrogen in the blend (with a hydrogen ratio of 20%) are consumed for the same heating load requirement. The results of this study show that 8% of the natural gas can be saved once hydrogen is added to natural gas in a 20% blend. Meanwhile, there is a 15.9% increase in heating time for the 20% volumetric hydrogen in the blend.

Design and performance evaluation of low-emission injera baking biomass gasifier stove

Design and performance evaluation of low-emission injera baking biomass gasifier stove

Reliability of Meta-Analysis Research Claims for Gas Stove Cooking−Childhood Respiratory Health Associations

Odds ratios or p-values from individual observational studies can be combined to examine a common cause−effect research question in meta-analysis. However, reliability of individual studies used in meta-analysis should not be taken for granted as claimed cause−effect associations may not reproduce. An evaluation was undertaken on meta-analysis of base papers examining gas stove cooking (including nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and childhood asthma and wheeze associations. Numbers of hypotheses tested in 14 of 27 base papers (52%) used in meta-analysis of asthma and wheeze were counted. Test statistics used in the meta-analysis (40 odds ratios with 95% confidence limits) were converted to p-values and presented in p-value plots. The median (interquartile range) of possible numbers of hypotheses tested in the 14 base papers was 15,360 (6,336−49,152). None of the 14 base papers made mention of correcting for multiple testing, nor was any explanation offered if no multiple testing procedure was used. Given large numbers of hypotheses available, statistics drawn from base papers and used for meta-analysis are likely biased. Even so, p-value plots for gas stove−current asthma and gas stove−current wheeze associations show randomness consistent with unproven gas stove harms. The meta-analysis fails to provide reliable evidence for public health policy making on gas stove harms to children in North America. NO2 is not established as a biologically plausible explanation of a causal link with childhood asthma. Biases – multiple testing and p-hacking – cannot be ruled out as explanation for a gas stove−current asthma association claim. Selective reporting is another bias in published literature of gas stove–childhood respiratory health studies.

Predictors of Households’ Adoption of Gas Cooking Stove in Some Rural Communities of Abia and Ebonyi States, Southeast Nigeria

This paper aims at the factors that predict household’s adoption of gas cooking stoves in selected rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. Leaning on theories of Knowledge gap, Groupthink, Technological determinism and Innovation Diffusion, it explores the theme of adoption as a selective process while interrogating the idea of an energy ladder. The paper probes the factors that accentuate poor energy choices in the face of availability of the better domestic energy source, gas. Based on data from 600 respondents, 300 from each of the southeastern Nigeria states of Abia and Ebonyi, an ordinal regression in the form of a Generalized Linear Model was used to predict the proportional odds of the dependent ordinal variables. Parameter estimates of the regression model predicting ordinal likelihood (odds) of using cooking gas indicate that none of the categories underage bracket were significant. The odds of households with male heads having very high usage of cooking gas stove were 1.563 (95% CI, .882 to 1.830) times more than that of households with female heads. The odds are against larger households; households with heads that are of lower education levels; households that regularly cook with fuelwood and those with lower income. The study recommends advocacy to bridge the knowledge gap and a subsidization regime that can overcome the income challenge.

Peningkatan Produktivitas UKM Lontong Plastik Mini Modern di Desa Kolam


 
 SMEs are small and medium enterprises owned by individuals or individual business entities. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in supporting the national economy. Therefore, SMEs need to get attention from the government and academics. Various processed food products are produced by SMEs. Lontong is one of the staple food products that we often encounter and consume. Lontong is made from rice wrapped in plastic, banana leaves and boiled. The majority of Lontong business owners continue to produce their goods using firewood and improvised tools. As a result, the quality and production capacity remain low. However, on this occasion the researchers conducted research on the mini Lontong UKM located in the village of Pond, Kab. Deli Serdang Kec. Percut Sei Tuan here, researchers see the production process for making rice cake at Mrs. Risna's house. The manufacturing process is very modern because it uses modern cooking utensils, namely using a gas stove and the cooking process takes 6 hours faster. The mini size of the lontong and the cheap and economical price makes it attractive for the public to buy the product and the owner distributes it to markets and online media such as social media and other online media.
 Keywords : Lontong UKM, Productivity, Production Marketing

Exposure–response relationships for personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2·5), carbon monoxide, and black carbon and birthweight: an observational analysis of the multicountry Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial

Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use is associated with adverse birth outcomes, but data for exposure-response relationships are scarce. We examined associations between HAP exposures and birthweight in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. The HAPIN trial recruited pregnant women (9-<20 weeks of gestation) in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda and randomly allocated them to receive a liquefied petroleum gas stove or not (ie, and continue to use biomass fuel). The primary outcomes were birthweight, length-for-age, severe pneumonia, and maternal systolic blood pressure. In this exposure-response subanalysis, we measured 24-h personal exposures to PM2·5, carbon monoxide, and black carbon once pre-intervention (baseline) and twice post-intervention (at 24-28 weeks and 32-36 weeks of gestation), as well as birthweight within 24 h of birth. We examined the relationship between the average prenatal exposure and birthweight or weight-for-gestational age Z scores using multivariate-regression models, controlling for the mother's age, nulliparity, diet diversity, food insecurity, BMI, the mother's education, neonate sex, haemoglobin, second-hand smoke, and geographical indicator for randomisation strata. Between March, 2018, and February, 2020, 3200 pregnant women were recruited. An interquartile increase in the average prenatal exposure to PM2·5 (74·5 μg/m3) was associated with a reduction in birthweight and gestational age Z scores (birthweight: -14·8 g [95% CI -28·7 to -0·8]; gestational age Z scores: -0·03 [-0·06 to 0·00]), as was an interquartile increase in black carbon (7·3 μg/m3; -21·9 g [-37·7 to -6·1]; -0·05 [-0·08 to -0·01]). Carbon monoxide exposure was not associated with these outcomes (1·7; -3·1 [-12·1 to 5·8]; -0·003 [-0·023 to 0·017]). Continuing efforts are needed to reduce HAP exposure alongside other drivers of low birthweight in low-income and middle-income countries. US National Institutes of Health (1UM1HL134590) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1131279).

Out of the frying pan and into the fire: The gas stove toxicity debate

Out of the frying pan and into the fire: The gas stove toxicity debate Jeremy MacMahon, Chelsea Unkel and Pamela J. Lein from the University of California, Davis, unpack household air pollution, focusing on the gas stove toxicity debate. Recent comments by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission about regulating gas stoves have triggered significant public debate in the United States (U.S.) about the harmful effects of gas stoves on human health. So, what is the science surrounding this issue?

An experimental study on the environmental impact of hydrogen and natural gas blend burning

In this study, an experimental investigation is conducted to analyze the effect of adding hydrogen into natural gas on emissions and the burning performance of the obtained blends. Natural gas alone and natural gas-hydrogen blends are burned in identical gas stoves, and the emitted CO, CO2, and NOx are measured. The base case with natural gas only is compared with the natural gas and hydrogen blends (including hydrogen additions of 10%, 20% and 30% volumetrically). The experimental results show that the combustion efficiency increases from 39.32% to 44.4% by enhancing the hydrogen blending ratio from 0 to 0.3. While CO2 and CO emissions are reduced with rising the hydrogen ratio in the blend, NOx emissions have a fluctuating trend. Moreover, a life cycle analysis is performed to determine the environmental impact of the considered blending scenarios. With the blending ratio of 0.3 hydrogen by volume, global warming potential decreases from 6.233 to 6.123 kg CO2 equivalents per kg blend, and acidification potential reduces from 0.0507 to 0.04928 kg SO2 equivalents per kg blend in comparison with natural gas. On the other hand, human toxicity, abiotic depletion, and ozone depletion potentials per kg blend show slight augmentation from 5.30 to 5.52 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) eq., 0.0000107 to 0.00005921 kg SB eq., and 3.17 × 10−8 to 5.38 × 10−8 kg CFC-11 eq., respectively.

LPG GAS leaking detector using Arduino for household application

Nowadays people are busy with work for full fill our daily life hence we forget to care about the small matters in our living area, especially in the kitchen household such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove. Leaking of LPG can happen without we notice that when the LPG has some or small leakage either from the rubber tubing, faulty regulator fitting, and poor handling of gas appliances that can affect to the house or risk the life of the living persons in the house. Besides that, this gas is colorless and odorless which makes us not notice it. The main objective of this project is to study the operation of Arduino and GSM modules on LPG detectors. Other than that, to develop a programming software system for Arduino. This System design consists of two main modules: detection and transmission module, and receiver module. Detection and the transmission module detect gas changes in concentration using special sensing circuits built for this aim. This module checks for changes in concentration gas has exceeded a predetermined limit and the receiving module functions as a cellular alarm device to allow it mobility in the house. This project is focusing on the product that will be created and the effectiveness of the product on the household application. This project had achieved the objective that has been stated and it is successfully functioning.

Analysis of the Effect of Dimensional Variation and Number of Air Inlets on the Efficiency of Gasification Stoves using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation

Nowadays, the consumption of non-renewable energy is high. As a result, the availability of this energy is decreasing. Because of this, other energy alternatives are needed. One example of another option is the use of biomass. An example of using biomass is the gasification process. This process was carried out in a device called a gasification stove, namely a gasifier. A gasifier has been developed to produce an optimal combustion system. The constraints in this development are costs for manufacture and the potential for failure. Therefore, simulations using Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software student versions were carried out to reduce the costs for manufacture and the potential for failure of the gasifier. The simulation contains dimensional variations and the number of air inlets of gasifier of downdraft gasifier, updraft gasifier, and entrained flow gasifier. Further, the influence of the dimensions and quantity of inlet that affect each design’s efficiency and the temperature was examined. The simulation results show that the best dimensions for the downdraft gasifier, updraft gasifier, and entrained flow gasifier are height and diameter of 50cm; 14.5cm (A1), 144cm; 70cm (C1), and 900cm; 300cm (B3), respectively. The best number of air inlets of A1, C1, and B3 gasifiers is 6, 1, and 6, respectively. Thus, the efficiency of each gasifier A1, C1, and B3 are 11.393%, 9.354%, and 50.885%, respectively. Furthermore, the A1, C1, and B3 gasifiers temperatures were 1055.25 K, 1383.44 K, and 3580.15 K, respectively. Therefore, this study suggested that the gasifier development could be optimized using simulation to reduce manufacturing costs and failures.

Penerapan Metode Least Squares Method Dalam Estimasi Penjualan Produk Elektronik

PT. Indotara Persada is a company engaged in the sale of electronic products, where electronic products are one of the people's needs such as fans, magicom, gas stoves, dispensers and so on. This company is experiencing unstable sales, so a decision is needed to overcome this. Unstable sales, the company experiences losses and does not get more profit every month in the future. In forecasting activities, forecasting methods are needed, this is in order to be able to find out in dealing with sales months for the next year to come. For this reason, the researcher uses the Laest Squares method with the aim of helping the company predict sales for the next month, so that if the predicted sales results for the next month decrease, the company will follow up such as doing promotions, giving discounts and so on. The Least Square method is a method in the form of periodic series data or time series, which requires sales data in the past to forecast future sales so that the results can be determined. Least Square is a forecasting method used to see trends from time series data. The Least Square method can be used to determine the equality of data trends which includes Time Series analysis with two cases of even and odd data

The gas stove-childhood asthma kerfuffle: A teaching opportunity

Several recent news stories have alarmed many politicians and members of the public by reporting that indoor air pollution from gas stoves causes about 13% of childhood asthma in the United States. Research on the reproducibility and trustworthiness of epidemiological risk assessments has identified a number of common questionable research practices (QRPs) that should be avoided to draw sound causal conclusions from epidemiological data. Examples of such QRPs include claiming causation without using study designs or data analyses that allow valid causal inferences; generalizing or transporting risk estimates based on data for specific populations, time periods, and locations to different ones without accounting for differences in the study and target populations; claiming causation without discussing or quantitatively correcting for confounding, external validity bias, or other biases; and not mentioning or resolving contradictory evidence. We examine the recently estimated gas stove-childhood asthma associations from the perspective of these QRPs and conclude that it exemplifies all of them. The quantitative claim that about 13% of childhood asthma in the United States could be prevented by reducing exposure to gas stove pollution is not supported by the data collected or by the measures of association (Population Attributable Fractions) used to analyze the data. The qualitative finding that reducing exposure to gas stove pollution would reduce the burden of childhood asthma in the United States has no demonstrated validity. Systematically checking how and whether QRPs have been addressed before reporting or responding to claims that everyday exposures cause substantial harm to health might reduce social amplification of perceived risks based on QRPs and help to improve the credibility and trustworthiness of published epidemiological risk assessments.

The Pleasures of Domesticity

AbstractThis article analyzes Egyptian print advertisements of gas stoves, refrigerators, and washing machines as a way to consider how the technopolitics of Egyptian modernity intersected with gender politics—both at the level of state policy and in everyday life—in the two decades following the 1952 revolution. It argues that the proliferation of advertisements for Egyptian-made stoves, refrigerators, and washing machines found in the popular press during this period envisioned domestic technology as a critical building block in a gendered social contract between the state and the Egyptian people. Aimed exclusively at women, such ads stressed values like pleasure, abundance, affordability, and leisure—a vision of society where every housewife could achieve her dreams and every family could have a modern kitchen. These idealized images were not a new feature of household advertisements. However, the language of pleasure, beauty, and happiness used to advertise household goods prior to the revolution became embedded in new gendered definitions of citizenship after it. Advertisements also depicted women as primary beneficiaries of Egyptian state socialism and, in doing so, papered over some of the tensions in the state’s plan to mobilize women as workers, housewives, and consumers.

Potensi pemanfaatan limbah sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak di Pesantren Tradisional pedesaan (The use-potential of plant-animal system wastes on Traditional Islamic boarding school at rural area)

Integrated/combined farming is a good way to optimize the use of resources and maximize income. Ruminant livestock is a type of other livestock types that plays an important role in sustainable agricultural systems because this type of livestock produces fertilizers and can utilize agricultural waste as fodder. Manure can be an alternative energy source for livestock farmers. An anaerobic digester will partially convert manure to energy in the form of biogas which contains methane. The main product of cassava crops is cassava. In this research, a toxic cassava which usually plant around pesantren. That could be used as food material. The cassava leaf could used as a source of silage production, and the silage quality is good until 60 days of storage. This silage was prepared for the drying season which at that time was difficult to find fresh feed. The cow dung is used as green manure fertilizer for cassava plants. The cow dung was fermented by an anaerobic bioreactor to achieve biogas and slurry. The biogas with methane as the main component is bioenergy that can used as a mantel lamp (Petromax) for lightening and a gas stove for cooking in Pesantren. The Slurry can able used as fertilizer and the eel cultivation.

PERAN ATRIBUT PRODUK DAN SIKAP MEREK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EKUITAS MEREK

High brand equity becomes the company's strength to stay in the market competition. Increasing brand equity is one of the company's strategies that is carried out all the time. Increasing the supporting factors of brand equity is a way to strengthen brand equity. This study aims to determine the role of product attributes and brand attitudes in increasing brand equity. The research population is the consumer of the Rinnai brand gas stove. Obtained 85 respondents as research samples with purposive sampling technique. Research data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires will then be analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that product attributes play a significant role in the development of brand equity. Furthermore, brand equity is significantly influenced by brand attitudes. Product attributes and brand attitudes have a significant role in the joint formation of brand equity.