The vapor-pressure (PS), saturated liquid density (ρS), single-phase (PVT) properties, and thermal-pressure coefficient, γV=(∂P/∂T)V, of one of the biofuel components (methyl decanoate) have been measured in the present work. The measurements were made over a temperature range from (292 to 464) K and at pressures up to 21 MPa. The measurements were performed using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant-volume adiabatic piezo-calorimeter along 16 liquid and vapor isochores between (152 and 834) kg·m − 3. Most measurements were focused in the immediate vicinity of the liquid-gas coexistence curve (single- and two-phase regions) to accurately determine the phase transition properties (PS,ρS, TS,γVS). Temperatures at the liquid-gas phase transition curve, TS(ρ), for each measured density (isochore) were determined using the isochoric P-T break- point and abrupt behavior of the thermal-pressure coefficient techniques, γV−T curve behavior. The expanded uncertainty of the pressure (P), density (ρ), and thermal –pressure coefficient (γV) measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be (0.05 to 0.50)% (depending on pressure range), 0.16%, and (0.12 to 1.5)% (depending on temperature and pressure), respectively. The measured pressures and temperature derivatives,(∂P/∂T)V, have been used to calculate internal pressure (or energy-volume coefficient), enthalpy and entropy of vaporization, and heat capacity changes.