Banxia Xiexin Decoction modulates short-chain fatty acid metabolism and mitigates ulcerative colitis by reshaping the intestinal microbiota.

Chemical characterization and associations with climatic factors in Pinggu peach: A protected geographical indication product.

Integrated analysis of time-driven sensory deterioration and microbial dynamics in not-from-concentrate (NFC) pitaya juice during storage.

Nanoencapsulation of coffee aroma in alginate-pectin beads: Characterization, molecular mechanisms, and EEG response.

Steroid hormone profiles in affective disorders suggest hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and may reveal novel therapeutic targets. However, most existing studies focus narrowly on glucocorticoids. This study aims to comprehensively characterize alterations in the steroid metabolome of adolescents with depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional study analyzed the urinary excretion of 39 steroid metabolites (via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) from 75 adolescent psychiatric patients with depressive symptoms (63 females, age 15.6 ± 1.3 years) and 75 healthy controls (64 females, age 15.3 ± 1.3 years), matched for age, sex, and pubertal status. Patients exhibited significantly elevated excretion rates (μg/24h) of corticosterone metabolites (median = 608.4, interquartile range (IQR): 342.4 - 1208.2 vs. controls: median = 321.0, IQR: 243.9 - 443.8), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) metabolites (median = 1253.8, IQR: 569.8 - 2796.2 vs. median = 519.5, IQR: 254.0 - 1028.7), androgen metabolites (median = 6721.0, IQR: 4185.6 - 9395.8 vs. median = 3680.4, IQR: 2510.8 - 5419.0), and individual progesterone and glucocorticoid metabolites, while estradiol excretion was lower (median = 4.0, IQR: 2.9 - 5.8 vs. median = 5.8, IQR: 4.3 - 7.7). Analyses of enzyme activities via multivariate machine learning identified the tetrahydrated urinary metabolite ratio of 11-deoxycorticosterone (TH-DOC) to corticosterone metabolites as a biomarker to distinguish patients from controls (AUC = 0.800, 95%-CI [0.702 - 0.882]). Elevated excretion rates of ACTH-dependent hormones indicate chronic stress in adolescents with depressive symptoms. The TH-DOC-to-corticosterone metabolite ratio may help identify at-risk patients or guide personalized therapies.

3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol from Bacillus siamensis controls kiwifruit leaf spot by disrupting membrane integrity and interfering with energy metabolism of Fusarium graminearum.

Acaricidal potential and mechanistic insights of Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. grass extracts from different cutting ages.

A study on the association between early-pregnancy hair metal levels and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Physicochemical and flavor profile characterization of sesame oils from different processing methods: Implications for quality control and market regulation.

Insecticidal effects of essential oils from traditional repellent plants on Aedes mosquitoes, vectors of arboviral diseases in Gabon.

Sanhua essential oil exerts antidepressant effects in breast cancer-related depression by modulating metabolic pathways.

Intermittent fasting protects MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model through regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Erannis ankeraria (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a defoliator of Larix, Quercus, and Picea trees. Recent outbreaks of this pest have caused extensive damage to the larch forests in north-eastern China RESULTS: Through gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy, Z3Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19:Hy, Z6Z9-cis-3,4-epo-19:Hy, and Z3Z6-cis-9,10-epo-19:Hy were identified from sex pheromone glands of Erannis ankeraria females. The quaternary mixture of these synthetic pheromone components at a ratio of 1:0.5:1.2:1.3 achieved the optimal trapping effect in field experiments. Biotransformation and activity assays revealed that Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy serves as a precursor of epoxynonadecadienes, regulates the upwind flight behavior of male moths, and exhibits a synergistic effect with the epoxy pheromone components. Notably, the 3,4- and 9,10-epoxides, newly identified in the genus Erannis, both markedly decrease the captures of Colotois pennaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) CONCLUSIONS: The sex pheromone of Erannis ankeraria was identified as a quaternary blend, which exhibits a remarkable efficacy in attracting Erannis ankeraria males, thereby offering a reliable tool for population monitoring. Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of three epoxynonadecadiene pheromone components, and is also a critical synergistic pheromone component. The 3,4- and 9,10-epoxides likely mediate interspecific chemical communication between Erannis ankeraria and C. pennaria, enabling species-specific recognition and reproductive isolation © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant challenge to global public health. Previously effective treatments against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) are becoming progressively less effective. These organisms are responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from minor infections to severe systemic illnesses. As resistance to conventional antibiotics continues to rise, the need for novel antimicrobial agents has become increasingly urgent. Natural products have long served as a rich source of antimicrobial substances, and among them, fungi are well recognised for their ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive metabolites with potential therapeutic applications. Aim: The aim of the current study was to isolate and identify bioactive metabolite-producing Aspergillus flavus (A.flavus) strains from soil samples and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of E.coli and S.aureus. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro experimental study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India, from January to December 2023. The current study involved the isolation of A.flavus from soil samples collected from dump yards and the isolation of E.coli and S.aureus from clinical specimens. The total sample size was 50, comprising 25 E.coli and 25 S.aureus isolates obtained from various clinical samples, including urine, pus, sputum, blood, ear swabs, wound swabs, tracheal aspirates, and tissue samples. Soil samples were collected from four different dump yard sites surrounding the SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. Only A.flavus was isolated from soil samples using the spot method, while E.coli and S.aureus isolated from clinical samples were included in the study. Other fungal and bacterial isolates were excluded. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the perpendicular cross-streaking method and the agar well diffusion method. Bioactive compounds were extracted through fermentation, followed by separation using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC). Compound identification was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and all data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Results: The isolated A.flavus strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity against both E.coli and S.aureus. TLC analysis revealed four distinct bioactive compounds with Rf values of 0.70, 0.80, 0.87, and 0.89. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 23 volatile compounds. The antimicrobial activity produced Zones Of Inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 23 to 18 mm against E.coli and from 16 to 24 mm against S.aureus. Conclusion: The bioactive compounds extracted from A.flavus exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against the Gram-positive organism S.aureus. These findings highlight the potential of A.flavus as a promising source of novel antimicrobial agents, especially in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. Further studies are warranted to optimise the production and purification of these compounds and to explore their potential clinical applications.

Seeds from Abelmoschus esculentus have strong anti-inflammatory properties and may effectively treat inflammatory diseases. This study explores the therapeutic potential of A. esculentus seed extract on bioactive components, hematological parameters, liver function tests, leukocytes, cytokines and histology in asthmatic mice. Mice were divided into six groups: The normal group, groups treated with A. esculentus (10, 15 and 20 mg/mL), a dexamethasone group (3 mg/mL) and an asthmatic control group. On days 1 and 14 after acclimation, all groups except the normal control received intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin, followed by oral doses of A. esculentus (10, 15 and 20 mg/mL) or dexamethasone (3 mg/mL) during 15th to 26th day of the experiment. All treated groups were exposed to ovalbumin inhalation for three days afterward. The bioactive components in the acetonic extract were identified through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The primary bioactive compounds identified were fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolics. Mice given the extract showed improved liver enzyme levels, reduced leukocyte infiltration, alleviated airway constriction, lower cytokine levels (IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A) and normalized blood indices. In conclusion, the seed extract of A. esculentus has significant potential to reduce asthma symptoms in the asthmatic mouse model.

Occurrence and concentration of agricultural phytosanitary residues in bivalve mollusks collected from Golfo Nuevo, Argentina.

Analysis of the correlation between microbial community succession and volatile flavor compounds during the processing of Gannan Yak Qula.

Quantification of sulfur compound emissions from Sargassum Strandings.

Chemical basis for the antioxidant activity of Piper nigrum: integrative profiling of volatile components from multi-origin black and white pepper.

Drone-based needle trap device array coupled with portable mass spectrometry for onsite analysis of hazardous air pollutants.