Garlic Tablets Research Articles

Comparison of antiplatelet activity of garlic tablets with cardio-protective dose of aspirin in healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trial.

Some of the adverse effects of aspirin including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and aspirin resistance compelled researchers to find a suitable alternative with fewer adverse effects. In this clinical trial, we aimed to find the effective antiplatelet dose of garlic. This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 62 healthy volunteers of 20-50 years old. All volunteers used 80 mg aspirin per day for 1 week and at the end of this time, platelet aggregation (PA) induced by 4 agonists acting in aggregation pathway including adenosinediphosphate (20 μmol/l), epinephrine (20 μmol/l), collagen(0.19 mg/ ml) and arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ ml) was measured by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA) in all participants. After one month washout period, volunteers were randomized into 3 groups and each received 1, 2 or 3 garlic tablets (1250 mg) a day for 1 month. After one month, PA was examined in all groups. The mean ±SD of the age of all volunteers was 28.60 ± 9.00 years. In addition, 52.00 % of our volunteers were male and 48.00% of them were female. Garlic tablet didnot have significant effect on PA at any dose. However, 30% of volunteers in the group that used 3 garlic tablets/day reported adverse effect (i.e. bleeding). No significant association between sex, age and PA was observed. In this study, we were unable to determine the effective anti-platelet dose of garlic which that could be equal to that of aspirin anti-platelet activity, as assessed LTA method.

What is the effect of diet and dietary supplements on vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)?

Evidence-Based Answer Probiotic therapy may help to prevent VVC, although the probiotic, dose, and delivery system are not well defined (SOR: C, systematic review of low-quality trials). There is an association between the presence of some urinary sugars and VVC (SOR: C, disease-oriented cohort study). No evidence supports the use of oral garlic tablets in reducing VVC (SOR: C, disease-oriented RCT).

Influence of Polyphenolic Contents on the Antioxidant Properties of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Extract (HSE), Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Garlic Tablet (GT) <i>in Vitro</i>

This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial aged garlic extract (AGE, Kyolic) and garlic tablet (GT). The results indicate that HSE, AGE and GT are effective antioxidant as xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated superoxide ions are significantly inhibited in the presence of 20% (v/v) diethyl ether extract of HSE, AGE and GT by 100%, 66.39% and 18.61% respectively, while uric acid production is not affected byAGEand GT. However, at 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) reaction volumes,HSEsignificantly inhibits uric acid production by 9.5% and 33.0% respectively, and this suggests that components ofHSEinhibit xanthine oxidase activity while AGE and GT scavenge superoxide. In addition, it is also found that the three extracts scavenge ABTS radical cations in dose-dependent manner. In all cell free assays, HSE is found to be more effective as an antioxidant when compared with AGE and GT under the same experimental conditions. Chromatographic and colorimetric analyses suggest thatHSEhas numerous different types of phenolic compounds with higher amount of phenolic compounds (14.9 mg/g) when compared withAGE(2.8 mg/g) and GT (3.6 mg/g) catechin equivalent respectively. Therefore, the effectiveness of antioxidant activities of these three extracts may be related to their phenolic content.

Effect of garlic powder consumption on body composition in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease that is becoming a public health problem in recent decades. Obesity and overweight play a key role in NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, weight loss (especially body fat mass) is one component of therapeutic strategies in NAFLD. Results from experimental studies have shown that garlic (Allium sativum L.) can reduce body weight and body fat mass. However, the effect of garlic on body fat mass and weight in the human population, which is addressed in this study, is still obscure.Materials and Methods:In this clinical trial, 110 subjects with NAFLD were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group. The intervention group received two garlic tablets (containing 400 mg of garlic powder) daily while the control group received placebo tablets. Dietary intake and physical activity of participants were obtained by a validated questionnaire. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results:In the intervention group, significant reductions were observed in body weight and body fat mass (P < 0.05). We also observed a significant reduction in body weight in the control group, but there were no significant changes in total body water and lean body mass in both groups (P > 0.05). In the intervention group, the percentage change in body weight was significantly greater than the control group (−2.6 vs. −0.7, P = 0.02). No serious side effects associated with the intervention were reported.Conclusion:Our trial suggests that garlic supplemfrom experimental studies have shown thatentation can reduce body weight and fat mass among subjects with NAFLD.

Effect of Garlic on Perfusion Scintigraphy of Rabbit’s Lungs Following Experimentally-Induced Pulmonary Embolism

Purpose : To study of the effect of garlic on rabbit’s lungs, with the aid of perfusion scintigraphy, after experimentally-induced pulmonary embolism. Methods : Twelve adult rabbits were anesthetized. Prepared macroaggregated albumin- technetium 99m (99mTc-MAA) radiopharmaceutical was injected into the ear vein at a dose of 1.5 mCi. Perfusion scintigraphic images of the healthy rabbits’ lungs were taken, and pulmonary embolism was experimentally induced by injection of autologous blood clots. Again, lung perfusion scintigraphic images of the rabbits’ lungs were obtained. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group received normal saline and the other group received garlic tablet medication for seven days. Thereafter, perfusion scintigraphic images of the lungs were generated. Results : The symmetric accumulation of radiotracer in the right and the left lobes of the lungs were observed in the scintgraphic images of the healthy animals. In embolic status scans, non-symmetric accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical was seen while in the scintigrams of garlic-treated group with pulmonary embolism, symmetric absorption of radioisotope was observed, similar to the perfusion lung scans of healthy animals. Conclusion : The results obtained show that garlic may help to dissolve the blood clots that cause pulmonary embolism in rabbits. Keywords : Garlic, Pulmonary embolism, Blood clots, Rabbit, Perfusion scintigraphy, Radioisotope

Quantitation of Allicin in Garlic-based Products: Comparisons among Spectrophotometry, GC and HPLC

Spectrophotometric, GC and HPLC methods were used to determinate allicin concentration in garlic-based products (garlic powder, garlic oil and garlic tablets). Allicin was extracted using a mixture of water and ethanol and analyzed by the three methods. The results revealed that the GC method was unsuitable for allicin quantitation because of high coefficient of variations and high temperatures. The spectrophotometric method was the simplest and most effective method for solid garlic-based products. The HPLC method was more accurate for allicin quantitation in all garlic-based products, especially liquids. Furthermore, the HPLC method allowed the simultaneous quantitation of allicin and allicin degradation products such as diallyl sulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. Based on the spectrophotometric and HPLC method, garlic oil contained the highest allicin concentration, followed by the garlic tablets and garlic powder.

Effects of Plant Extracts on Controlling Seed Borne Fungi of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

An experiment was conducted using farmer’s okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) seeds in Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to determine the efficacy of plant extracts (garlic, allmanda, neem, ginger and biskathali extracts) and vigour index of seedling for controlling the seed-borne fungal diseases of okra. In the laboratory experiment, the prevalence of seed-borne fungi associated with farmer’s okra seed investigated by blotter method. The identified fungi species in the collected seeds were Colletotrichum dematium, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. The test seed materials were treated with garlic tablet, allmanda tablet @ 1:1 and 2:1 w/v and neem extract, ginger extract and biskathali extract @ 1:1 and 1:2 w/v for each to control pathogens with control treatment. The significantly highest germination (62.5%) and lowest incidence of pathogen (5.25%) were recorded in garlic tablet @ 2:1 w/v treated seeds. The okra seeds treated by garlic tablet @ 2:1 w/v was also showed the higher vigour index (545.60%) compare to untreated seed (423.40%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22212 J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 7(2): 85-88 2014

Comparing the Therapeutic Effects of Garlic Tablet and Oral Metronidazole on Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background:Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common gynecological infections during reproductive age. Although metronidazole is one of the most effective medications recommended as the first-line treatment, it has various side effects. Because of the side effects and contraindications of some chemical medicines, using herbs has been investigated in treating BV.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of garlic tablet (Garsin) and oral metronidazole in clinical treatment of the BV in women referred to Resalat Health Center, affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, in 2013.Patients and Methods:This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 married women aged 18 to 44 years who were diagnosed with BV by Amsel’s clinical criteria and Gram staining. Enrolled women were randomly allocated to two groups of 60 patients and were treated with either garlic tablet or oral metronidazole for seven days. Amsel’s criteria and Gram stain were assessed seven to ten days after beginning the treatment period and side effects were registered.Results:Amsel’s criteria were significantly decreased after treatment with garlic or metronidazole (70% and 48.3%, respectively; P < 0.001). Therapeutic effects of garlic on BV were similar to that of metronidazole (63.3% and 48.3%, respectively; P = 0.141). There were significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of side effects; metronidazole was associated with more complications (P = 0.032).Conclusions:This study reveals that garlic could be a suitable alternative for metronidazole in treatment of BV in those interested in herbal medicines or those affected by side effects of metronidazole.

The Effect of Garcin® in Preventing AntiTB-Induced Hepatitis in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients.

Adverse effects of antituberculosis agents such as hepatotoxicity may reduce treatment effectiveness, because they significantly contribute to nonadherence and eventually result in treatment failure, relapse or the emergence of drug resistance. Garlic is an ancient herbal substance, which its effectiveness on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in animal models has been demonstrated (1). In the present study a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trial was designed to assess the effect(s) of garlic tablets (1000 mg daily) administered for two weeks orally. Fifty eight newly diagnosed, smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, with age ranges between 18-65 years old, were randomly allocated into two groups. Each patient received either garlic or placebo tablets for the first two weeks of tuberculosis treatment. Of total 58 patients, 31 received garlic tablets while 27 received placebo. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding age, sex, nationality, smoking, underlying diseases and opium usage. During 8 weeks of anti-TB (antituberculosis) treatment, 8 (13.0%) patients developed drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). Of them, 6 (75%) occurred in the first two weeks of treatment. Fifty percent of the patients who developed DIH were in garlic group. Results indicated no significant difference between groups in developing DIH (p=1.000). We could not show a significant role in preventing DIH by 1000 mg daily garlic administration.

The Consumption Effect of Garlic Tablet on Proteins Oxidation Biomarker (SH-group) in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women

The Consumption Effect of Garlic Tablet on Proteins Oxidation Biomarker (SH-group) in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women

The effects of oral garlic on vaginal candida colony counts: a randomised placebo controlled double‐blind trial

Garlic is effective against Candida species invitro, and along with other alternative therapies, is used by women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether oral garlic reduced vaginal candida counts during the second half of the menstrual cycle in asymptomatic women colonised with Candida species. A simple randomised double-blinded controlled trial. Melbourne, Australia. Sixty-three asymptomatic women who were culture-positive for Candida species at screening. Participants were randomised to three garlic tablets or placebo orally, twice daily, for 14days. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with colony counts of candida >100 colony-forming units per ml in any given day during the last 7days before menstruation, defined as a 'case'. Secondary outcomes included the mean quantitative colony counts of candida over 14days prior to menses. There was no evidence of a difference between the proportion of cases in the garlic and placebo groups (76 versus 90%; relative risk, RR0.85; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI 0.67-1.08), in the mean colony counts in both groups (ratio of geometric means of candidal colony counts 0.63; 95%CI 0.39-10.03; P=0.74), or difference in the number of women reporting abnormal vaginal symptoms during the 2weeks before menstruation (RR1.03; 95%CI 0.67-1.58; P=0.91). The garlic group reported more adverse effects (83% compared 43% in the placebo group; difference in proportions 39%; 95%CI 17-%; P<0.01). This study provided data for sample size calculations in future studies on the antifungal effect of garlic, but provided no evidence to inform clinical practice regarding the use of garlic in vaginal candidiasis. Further studies might investigate longer courses or topical formulations.

Feasibility of Quality Improvement of Jute Seed by Plant Extracts

Five plant extracts viz. garlic tablet, allamanda tablet, neem leaf extract, bishkatali leaf extract and zinger rhizome extract were assessed as seed treating agents against seed-borne pathogens of jute. Farmers’ seeds carry seed-borne fungi and their prevalence varies in varieties and locations. Garlic tablet was effective in controlling seed-borne fungal infection; consequently the seed germination was high. The effect of allamanda tablet was similar to that of garlic tablet. Neem leaf extract was able to reduce seed-borne fungi but the other three extracts were not effective in controlling seed-borne infection. The performance of garlic tablet was similar to that of Vitavax-200. A significant increase in seedling vigor was also observed over untreated control after garlic treatment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16461 Progress. Agric. 22(1 &amp; 2): 1 – 10, 2011

Associations with asymptomatic colonization with candida in women reporting past vaginal candidiasis: an observational study

ObjectiveAsymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida species is a known risk factor for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Taking known risk factors for symptomatic VVC, the authors sought to identify factors associated with asymptomatic colonization. Study designAs part of a randomized controlled trial which compared vaginal candidal colony counts in women taking garlic tablets or placebo, 192 asymptomatic women collected a baseline screening swab for Candida species. Eligibility for this study included at least one self-reported episode of VVC in the previous 12 months and age 18–50 years. Known risk factors for VVC were compared in women colonized with candida and those without colonization. Results37% of asymptomatic women who self-reported VVC in the previous 12 months were colonized with vaginal Candida species. Using multivariate analysis, two factors were associated with asymptomatic colonization: a current sexual partner (P=0.02) and being born outside of Australia (P=0.05). Use of oral contraceptives was not statistically significant (P=0.27). ConclusionsClinical relevance of asymptomatic colonization with vaginal yeast and its link to episodes of VVC warrants further investigation.

Effect of garlic powder tablet on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with coronary artery disease: a preliminary randomized controlled trial.

This study was designed to investigate whether garlic powder tablets in adjunct to conventional medical treatment could have an effect on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plasma lipoproteins and lipids in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 56 patients with CAD between the ages of 25 and 75 years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: garlic group (n = 27), receiving garlic powder tablet (1200 µg allicin/tab) twice daily and the placebo group (n = 29), receiving placebo for 3 months. The rate of atherosclerosis progression was measured by B-mode ultrasonography as the increase in CIMT. After 3 months of taking garlic tablets, CIMT values had minor variations (0.009 ± 0.007 mm reduction from baseline), while in the placebo group, an increase in CIMT values was observed (0.04 ± 0.01 mm increase from baseline). After 3 months of treatment, mean CIMT difference from baseline was significantly differ between the two groups (p < 0.001). Plasma lipids and lipoproteins (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B) did not differ between the two groups. The results suggest that dry garlic powder tablet is superior to placebo in prevention of CIMT progression in patients with CAD and may be considered as an adjunct treatment for atherosclerosis.

Attempt to Detect Garlic Allyl Sulphides from Saliva after Consumption of Garlic Tablets Using GC-MS

Allicin is an organosulfur compound of Allium sativum (garlic) with anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties. However, to date, neither allicin nor its metabolites has been detected in human organs or bodily fluids following oral consumption of garlic. Bioavailability has only been demonstrated using breath studies. Enteric-coated formulations are designed to pass through the acidic stomach environment; hence detection of garlic compounds in saliva following consumption of enteric-coated garlic tablets would provide evidence of bioavailability in a body secretion. An attempt was made to identify metabolites dially disulphide and allyl methyl sulphide using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). We completed a single participant mass spectrometry study using 13 time points over 24 hours following consumption of 20 enteric-coated garlic tablets. There was no detection of allicin derived sulfides at any time point. In summary, it is possible that these highly volatile compounds may be more readily detectable using a solid phase micro-extraction GC-MS, or headspace analysis methodology, although the less volatile allyl methyl sulfone and allyl methyl sulfoxide may be the main metabolites present.

The Effect of Garlic Tablet on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Menopause is one of the important causes of osteoporosis which results from estrogen deficiency. In addition, some clinical and experimental evidence indicates that there is an association between increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine activity and postmenopausal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of garlic tablet on pro-inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Methods: The present study was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial in Yazd conducted during November 2009 until July 2010. The sample included 44 postmenopausal osteoporotic women who were randomly assigned into two groups: the garlic group (GG) and the placebo group (PG). Participants in GG took two garlic tablets daily for 1 month and the participants in PG took placebo tablets in the same manner. Serum interlukin-1, interlukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured using the ELISA method before and after the intervention. Also, 24-hour dietary recall was recorded for estimation of daily intake of some nutrients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between interlukin-1 and interlukin-6 in the two groups before and after the intervention. The mean of TNF-α did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention, but it was significantly reduced by about 47% (from 31.14±50.53 to 19.33±22.19 ng/ml, P-value = 0.05) in GG after the intervention, However, no significant difference was seen in PG. Conclusions: The present study produced some evidence for an immunomodulatory effect of garlic, as well as the modulation of cytokine production.

Anti-aggregatory and fibrinolytic effects of time-released garlic powder tablets

Anti-aggregatory and fibrinolytic effects of time-released garlic powder tablets

Comparison of in vivo chemoprotective and in vitro antimicrobial activity of different garlic (Allium sativum) preparations

Medicinal properties of garlic have been attributed to its organosulfur compounds. Because of conversion of bioactive constituents to other compound during processing, various garlic preparations may have different bioactivities. In this study, we aimed to assess in vivochemoprotective effects against 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat liver damage and in vitro antimicrobial activity of fresh (FGE) and aged garlic (AGE) and garlic tablet extracts (GTE). Fifty mature Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into five groups as control (n = 10), 7,12-DMBA (n = 10), 7,12-DMBA + FGE (n = 10), 7,12-DMBA + AGE (n = 10) and 7,12-DMBA + GTE (n = 10). The rats in control group were treated with only corn oil, while other rats were treated with 7,12-DMBA 20 mg/kg b.w. i.p. Rats in extract groups received orally extracts of garlic with one day interval during 2 weeks before and after 7,12-DMBA injection. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels as oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue, and in vitro antimicrobial activites of different garlic extracts were measured and statistical analysis were performed. As a result, all the extracts prevented the changes in the level of oxidative stress parameters significantly, demonstrated protective effect at the histological level, and AGE and FGE, especially, had an antimicrobial effect to a considerable level. Key words: 7,12-DMBA, cancer, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine.

Allium sativum L.: the anti-immature leech (Limnatis nilotica) activity compared to Niclosomide

This study was carried out to determine the effects of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum L. on Limnatis nilotica compared with Niclosomide. In this experimental study in September 2010, a number of leeches (70 in total) from the southern area of Ilam province were prepared, and the effects of methanolic extract of A. sativum L. with Niclosomide as the control drug were compared and distilled water was evaluated as the placebo group which investigated L. nilotica using anti-leech assay. The average time of paralysis and death of L. nilotica for Niclosomide (1,250 mg/kg) and the methanol extract of A. sativum L. (600 μg/ml) were 6.22 ± 2.94 and 68.44 ± 28.39 min, respectively. Distilled water and garlic tablets at a dose of 400 mg were determined as the inert group. In this research, the attraction time of the leeches’ death among different treatments is significant. In this study, it was determined that Niclosomide, with an intensity of 4+, and methanolic extracts of A. sativum L., with an intensity of 3+, have a good anti-leech effect and can be shown to be effective in cases of leech biting, while distilled water was negative.

Supplementation of enteric-coated ginger and garlic essence tablet improved blood lipid profile in rats fed high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic subjects

Supplementation of enteric-coated ginger and garlic essence tablet improved blood lipid profile in rats fed high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic subjects