The investigation targeted ascertaining the impact closed and open refuse dump sites had on three streams (Iyiechu, Lolo, Uze) and Ogbagirigiri well. The study was based on measurement of physico-chemical parameters of the water spources from November 2019 to October 2020, comparing with standards, other streams and calculation of the water quality index. Surface water temperature for the four ranged from 22°C (Lolo stream) to 38°C (Iyiechu stream). Values of electrical conductivity recorded in this study were below the limits of WHO, NIS and EU and also below the range of records for some Eastern Nigeria surface waters The highest and lowest mean values (1.40±0.61 μs/cm and 0.18±0.02 μs/cm) of conductivity were recorded in Ogbagirigiri well and Uze stream respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS) recorded in this study was within the range of 2.45 and 19.40 were below WHO, NIS and FMEnv recommended limits and as well below the TDS values recorded in some Eastern water bodies The mean pH values observed during this study were 6.72±0.48, 6.73±0.78, 6.68±0.14 and 6.03±0.38 in Iyiechu stream, Lolo stream, Uze stream and Ogbagirigiri well respectively. The pH of the streams fell within WHO, NIS and FMEnv limits. The pH values of this study were in consonance with FEPA water quality guidelines for food beverage industry. 2003). Lower mean alkalinity values (38.75±11.3 mg/l and 45.00±14.46 mg/l) were recorded in Uze stream and Ogbagirigiri well respectively, while higher mean alkalinity values (52.08±26.75 mg/l and 47.92±15.14 mg/l) were recorded in Iyiechu and Lolo streams respectively. Ogbagirigiri well had the highest water hardness range from 60.00 – 360.00mgCaCO3/l. and confers a hard water status to the well. The recorded mean values for hardness in all the sites were below NIS (2015) permissible limit. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was high in Uze (7.23±1.19mg/l) and Lolo (6.87±1.17mg/l) streams and low in Ogbagirigiri in (3.22±2.02mg/l), Iyi-echu (4.73±0.44mg/l) streams. Iyiechu and Uze streams had higher BOD values than Ogbagirigiri well and Lolo stream. The streams had same common order of dominance of cations which was Ca>Mg>Na>K, while in Ogbagirigiri well, it was Ca>Mg>k>Na. Iyiechu and Lolo streams followed a common order of dominance of anions which was Cl>S>N>Total P. The water quality index in stations Iyiechu and Lolo streams portrayed the effect of anthropogenic activities including uncontrolled waste disposal in and around the water bodies (especially in Iyiechu stream), pollutants from farmlands and sidewalks, wastewater from palm oil mill (especially in Lolo stream) etc. Ogbagirigiri well water has WQI of 84 which indicated a poor water quality which could be attributed to the poor sanitary and unhygienic practices in the site. Iyiechu stream, Lolo stream, and Ogbagirigiri well which are of poor quality for human consumption can serve other purposes like aquatic husbandry and other culinary concerns.

Urban flooding is a growing concern in many cities around the world; due to the increasing intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and storms. This study assessed the impact of urban flooding on infrastructure, public health, and the economy in the Landzun corridor of Bida, Niger State. Descriptive research design was employed for the research. The research used data from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire administered to 118 respondents who were randomly selected along the Landzun corridor, a very busy route in Bida. The secondary data were from related literature from journals and textbooks. Business owners accounted for 50.85% of the respondents. A total of 54.23% of the respondents experienced annual flooding. However, the major identified factors aiding flooding in Landzun corridor were poor drainage (62.71%), insufficient drainage facilities (28.81%) and disposal of waste along drainage channels (44.07%). The physical effects of the flooding resulted to collapsed building parts of 42.37% of the respondents and 24.58% had their properties destroyed during flooding. The health effects on the respondents included Malaria fever (36.44%), cholera (32.20%) and mental health (38.98%). 39.83% admitted that the cost of repairs of their damaged properties ranged between ₦101,000 and ₦200,000. As support, 33.05% of the respondents got infrastructural provisions from government. The respondents consequently suggested flood management strategies through community engagement (28.81%), the provision of more drainage facilities (53.40%) and enforcement of urban planning practices through zoning regulations (13.56%). The study concluded that the major causes of flooding were insufficient drainage facilities, dumping of refuse along drainage and indiscriminate siting of buildings on waterways. The study, therefore, recommends stakeholders collaboration to make informed decisions like building indigenous sustainable embarkments along landzun flood plains, flood awareness programmes, enforcement of urban planning regulations, and recycling of waste to reduce the impact of flooding on the Landzun corridor of Bida.

Environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic chemical compounds is a serious problem that requires new economic policies and greater social awareness to mitigate and prevent biodiversity loss and adverse effects on human health. This review aims to determine whether pollutants in freshwater bodies can lead to the development of resistant bacteria to these contaminants and affect the effectiveness of antibiotics used to treat infections in both humans and livestock. Evidence suggests that areas surrounding rivers and lakes contaminated with toxic substances face a higher risk of infections caused by this type of resistant bacteria, which also show resistance to metals, dyes, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and even to various treatments for potable water. Co-resistant organisms are emerging in surface water bodies, airborne particles, and garbage dumps. When they come into contact with potential hosts, they alter the hosts’ microbiota to favor their own survival. The case of the Atoyac River Basin in Central Mexico is described, where co-resistant bacteria have been found in tributaries, leading to an increase in the frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections among riverside communities. This review underscores the urgency of raising public awareness about these issues and implementing measures for the proper management of industrial materials and consumer products. By replacing polluting energy sources, minimizing the use of toxic substances in industry, and improving waste management, we can help reduce pollutant generation and safeguard health, biodiversity, and the environment.

Urban flooding is a growing concern in many cities around the world; due to the increasing intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and storms. This study assessed the impact of urban flooding on infrastructure, public health, and the economy in the Landzun corridor of Bida, Niger State. Descriptive research design was employed for the research. The research used data from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire administered to 118 respondents who were randomly selected along the Landzun corridor, a very busy route in Bida. The secondary data were from related literature from journals and textbooks. Business owners accounted for 50.85% of the respondents. A total of 54.23% of the respondents experienced annual flooding. However, the major identified factors aiding flooding in Landzun corridor were poor drainage (62.71%), insufficient drainage facilities (28.81%) and disposal of waste along drainage channels (44.07%). The physical effects of the flooding resulted to collapsed building parts of 42.37% of the respondents and 24.58% had their properties destroyed during flooding. The health effects on the respondents included Malaria fever (36.44%), cholera (32.20%) and mental health (38.98%). 39.83% admitted that the cost of repairs of their damaged properties ranged between ₦101,000 and ₦200,000. As support, 33.05% of the respondents got infrastructural provisions from government. The respondents consequently suggested flood management strategies through community engagement (28.81%), the provision of more drainage facilities (53.40%) and enforcement of urban planning practices through zoning regulations (13.56%). The study concluded that the major causes of flooding were insufficient drainage facilities, dumping of refuse along drainage and indiscriminate siting of buildings on waterways. The study, therefore, recommends stakeholders collaboration to make informed decisions like building indigenous sustainable embarkments along landzun flood plains, flood awareness programmes, enforcement of urban planning regulations, and recycling of waste to reduce the impact of flooding on the Landzun corridor of Bida.

Simple SummaryAs an important food organism for fish, zooplankton is of great significance to ecological environment and evaluation of spawning grounds. However, the depth and systematic research on the variation patterns and influencing factors of zooplankton communities in the spawning grounds of the northern Shandong Peninsula waters are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted field sampling and investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton community structure and the major environmental factors to explore the principles underlying their effects on the zooplankton community. The results showed that the abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the surveyed area exhibited significant annual variations, both showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and nearshore higher than offshore. The overall low level of community diversity and its significant annual variations indicated that the zooplankton community structure in the surveyed area was unstable and showed a trend of degenerative succession. The community structure of zooplankton and larger-bodied dominant species showed stronger correlations with phytoplankton dynamics, whereas smaller-bodied species were more influenced by water temperature. Our study can provide references for habitat assessment of spawning grounds, as well as the protection and restoration of marine biodiversity in the coastal waters of the northern Shandong Peninsula.The coastal waters of the northern Shandong Peninsula have abundant fishery resources, which serve as a critical transitional fishing ground for economic fish migrating into the Bohai Sea for spawning and departing for overwintering habitats. However, anthropogenic pressures such as garbage dumping have led to severe degradation of local fishery resources and concomitant adverse effects on zooplankton communities. To assess these impacts, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution, community structure, dominant species, and diversity indices of zooplankton based on sampling data collected in spring from 2015 to 2018 in this region. A total of 24 zooplankton species and 11 larval classes were identified, with the highest species richness observed in 2016. Calanus sinicus and Centropages abdominalis were the primary dominant species, with C. sinicus consistently predominant across all four years. Notably, the dominant species exhibited marked annual variability. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the surveyed area exhibited significant annual variations, both showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Peak abundance occurred in 2015 (594.36 ind/m3), while the lowest was recorded in 2017 (118.73 ind/m3). Spatially, abundance and biomass were heterogeneous, with coastal waters exhibiting higher concentrations than offshore areas. The overall low level of community diversity and its significant annual variations indicated that the zooplankton community structure in the surveyed sea area was unstable and showed a trend of degenerative succession. The community structure of zooplankton and larger-bodied dominant species showed stronger correlations with phytoplankton dynamics, whereas smaller-bodied species were more influenced by water temperature.

ABSTRACT Though separated by a momentous quarter-century of world history, the 1939–40 and 1964–65 New York City World’s Fairs had a great deal in common. They were both held at the same site in Flushing Meadows, a swampy former garbage dump in the Borough of Queens, and both were among the world’s largest by land area and in public participation. Robert Moses directed land reclamation for the first fair and served as President of the second one. Both fairs offered visions of world peace and prosperity, and of ultra-modern automobile-dominated cities of the future, but both were severely impacted by global and U.S. political and military events. The first coincided with the outbreak of World War II and lost many of its participant exhibitions in Year 2. The second coincided with rising crime and civil disorder in the U.S., and with the intensification of the Vietnam War. Both were among the world’s largest fairs. Neither of them broke even financially, but the investments made between 1934 and 1967 created momentum for ongoing recreational and real estate development projects, the largest of which is currently under construction, with an even larger one currently under review.

ABSTRACTThe archaeological excavations undertaken in the Castle of Luque (Córdoba, Spain) in 2007 and 2008 resulted in the identification of a rubbish dump dated to the immediate aftermath of the Castilian conquest (ad 1243), which included material from the previous period of Almohad domination (mid‐12th to mid‐13th centuries). The dump yielded a homogeneous and sealed faunal assemblage, which can be used to characterize the meat consumption patterns of an Andalusi community in a very specific context, marked by frontier conditions and the arrival of an important military garrison. The consumption of horse meat and changes in usual alimentary habits are examined based on the results of zooarchaeological analysis of the bone assemblage found in the dump.

Municipal apps prompt citizens to report incidents of urban disorder and nuisance in a quick and simple manner directly from their mobile devices to the relevant municipal department. Presented as participatory surveillance tools, these apps allow local authorities to crowdsource information on the urban environment directly from citizens. However, these same platforms also enable individual citizens to anonymously report one another for minor criminal offences, such as vandalism, graffiti, public urination, parking violations, or illegal trash dumping. Focusing on FixMyStreet, a municipal app used in Brussels, Belgium, this paper draws on a content analysis of the FixMyStreet reports’ open database to explore how the introduction of participatory surveillance tools can open up spaces for lateral surveillance where citizens surveil each other. We delve into how municipal apps can contribute to the emergence of digital informants—and how this process risks (extralegal) vigilantism, ethnic profiling, privacy infringement, exacerbated neighbours’ feuds, or diminished social cohesion. We then explore the different social and political concerns emerging with the growth of lateral surveillance in urban spaces and make several propositions to ameliorate local authorities’ adoption and handling of municipal apps.

From ‘garbage dump’ to ‘true European town’: Geographically imagining the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla (1913-1917)

The intense human persecution of wildlife in the past forced many animal populations to look for refuge in human‐inaccessible habitats. With the decline of direct persecution, and the changes in the attitude of modern urban societies towards wildlife during the last few decades, an ecological process of abandonment of refuge habitats has become pervasive, and many species make habitat choices deemed surprising presently, such as colonizing sites that are more accessible to humans. We tested this process in the yellow‐legged gull Larus michahellis by analysing long‐term time series (1976–2022) of breeding pairs in seven colonies in southern Europe. Overall, yellow‐legged gull numbers showed a strong pattern of decrease during the study period, due to the recent closure of open‐air garbage dumps. However, while the number of pairs in colonies located in human‐inaccessible sites (islets with cliffs) declined rapidly, new colonization together with a monotonic linear population growth was detected in human‐accessible sites, coinciding in time with the departure from refuges. Moreover, we found that the new small yellow‐legged gull colonies acted as cores for the formation of multispecies waterbird colonies likely by heterospecific attraction, that provides an added unexpected conservation value to yellow‐legged gulls traditionally considered a pest species.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce a critical biography of Carolina Marcia de Jesus, illustrating how marginalised groups – specifically Black Brazilian women – can challenge management and accounting as a social practice to resist and navigate oppressive systems. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a critical biographical approach to analyse the book Child of the Dark: The Diary of Carolina Maria de Jesus (Quarto de Despejo: Diário de uma Favelada). The book reveals the rise of favelas and the widespread social exclusion of the time (re)produced by Management and Accounting Practices. Findings The findings illustrate how a black Brazilian woman critiques marginalisation processes through the lens of surviving the favela’s problematic context. To survive in this “garbage dump” context, Carolina Maria de Jesus develops forms to manage and account for hunger, resource scarcity and emotional toll, as well as manage and account for subsistence as a critical view on marginality. Originality/value This critical biography contributes to the existing literature by illustrating how the experiences of a black, impoverished Latin American woman contest capitalist ideological discourses and practices through subalternised Management and Accounting Practices. The authors also present an alternative Management and Accounting framework that illuminates the dynamics of scarcity and inequality, moving beyond financialised notions of wealth accumulation.

In infants, teaching strategies focus on play and experiential activities; The development of scientific competencies based on STEAM involves a series of pedagogical approaches, so the purpose of this work was to implement a mini-ecosystem as a teaching strategy. 20 children between 4 and 5 years old from the educational institution “Dulces Brotecitos” participated. The study is developed within the qualitative paradigm, as a case study over a period of 2 months for the operation of the mini-ecosystem and 3 months for its implementation. Non- participant observation, recording of photos and videos were used; and field notebook to analyse the results. In the findings, four and five years old children spontaneously and flexibly use their senses to observe different phenomena and objects of everyday life, they also raise hypotheses and make inferences to solve problems. The various experiences presented to infants activate their interest in science, such as robotics. The STEAM approach, acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics, aims to integrate these disciplines into the educational process and encourage the development of each of them (Pahnke, Janna ; O’Donnell, Carol; Bascopé). The approach of STEAM learning sessions at an early age favors the development of skills in these subjects, which will then facilitate subsequent learning (Zollman, 2012). The objective of this project was to analyse the development of scientific thinking skills in children aged 4 and 5 at the Initial level, under the STEAM approach, working in a Mini Ecosystem, in which the sectors are implemented: the pedagogical garbage dump, games to build and sensory tables. The work with parents, community entities and private companies contributed to the implementation of a mini-laboratory, as part of the mini-ecosystem.

Abstract: Chandigarh's recognition as India's second cleanest city in 2016 was a moment of pride, but its subsequent decline in ranking underscores the urgent challenges in urban waste management. The situation at the Dadu Majra garbage dump site exemplifies this crisis, where waste accumulation is both a visible and systemic issue. This reflects deeper flaws, including inadequate facilities for clean water, sanitation, and electricity in areas surrounding the landfill. The health risks faced by waste pickers further highlight the human cost of poor waste management. Prolonged exposure to hazardous materials leads to respiratory issues, skin infections, and frequent injuries. The absence of protective gear, combined with limited access to healthcare, exacerbates the dangers of this occupation. These issues not only impact individual lives but also point to broader gaps in public health and urban planning. Chandigarh has the potential to reclaim its status as a model city for cleanliness and sustainability with a focused and inclusive effort.

Hazardous particles released into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources severely affect human health, particularly those near the Tejgaon Industrial Area. This study aimed to understand the spatial distribution patterns of PM2.5 and PM10, identify their sources, and assess the health risk associated with exposure in 26 sampling points within the area studied. The concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10 varied depending on the location and time of day. The highest concentration of PM2.5 was 327 μg/m³, and PM10 was 443 μg/m³, both recorded in the evening at site S-16 (104, Shahed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue). On the other hand, the lowest levels were found in the afternoon at site S-8 (373, Tejgaon), where PM2.5 was 38 μg/m³ and PM10 was 79.7 μg/m³. The hazard quotient (HQ) for PM2.5 and PM10 was consistently >1 at all sites, indicating significant non-carcinogenic risk. The HQ values ranged from 2.5 - 14 for PM2.5, and 2.1 - 8.9 for PM10, respectively. The estimated lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for PM2.5 was estimated at 1.90×10-⁴ - 8.21×10⁻⁴ for children and 6×10-⁵ - 2.63×10-⁴ for adults, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 1×10-6 - 1×10-⁴. The highest ELCR was observed at S-16 (104, Shahed Tajuddin Ahmed Ave). Particulate matter concentrations were highest in high-traffic areas, with potential sources including vehicle emissions, road dust, construction, industrial activities, and open garbage dumping. PM2.5 and PM10 levels in the Tejgaon Industrial Area exceeded the WHO and DoE recommended limits. The study highlighted a clear link between rising vehicle numbers, industrial expansion, and constructional activists increased air pollution in the Tejgaon Industrial area.

Coming from the Andes, the Mapocho River crosses the Great Santiago with a destructive capacity and turbidity; this has generated their collective rejection and the loss of the ancestral bond of the Santiago community. Therefore, since the colonial period has tried to dominate this torrent, thanks to various hydraulic works. Similarly, they have been developing a dichotomous perception and urban imaginary about it, which is appreciated by a differentiated urbanization. Thus, in certain urban sections, the Mapocho River is shown in a positive way, expressed in green areas, navigable parks and urban life in general. While, in its negative physiognomy, exemplified by the presence of highways, polluting industries, micro garbage dumps, wasteland sites, among others; which shows a strong situation of abandonment and pestilence. That is why this river appears as a Santiago reference in various artistic expressions, such as painting, literature, comics, television series and movies.

Metal exposure in Brazilian children of waste pickers from the largest open garbage dump in Latin America: Use of deciduous teeth as biomarker.

Accelerated growth of urban agglomerations in Kazakhstan causes acute environmental problems associated with pollution of air, water and land environment of cities and suburbs. The number of unauthorized garbage and household waste dumps is growing. Increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a serious environmental problem, especially in urbanized and industrial regions. Traditional waste monitoring methods are labor intensive and limited in scope. This study proposes a system for automatic MSW detection based on the use of UAV-derived imagery and YOLOv8 deep learning model. The system was tested and achieved high MSW detection accuracy of Precision 84,8 %, Recall 81,5 % and mAP@0.5 (85,1 %), with an IoU of 0,5. Visual analysis confirmed the model's ability to effectively detect waste under different conditions with minimal errors. The research findings can be integrated into environmental monitoring systems for rapid detection of unauthorized waste dumps and optimization of remediation measures.

The Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius), a Near Threatened species, was studied from 2012 to 2017 across wetlands, paddy fields, and a garbage dump in Assam’s Brahmaputra Valley. Observations during breeding and non-breeding seasons assessed habitat-specific foraging behavior and adaptability. Foraging activity peaked in wetlands during the breeding season, especially in December and February. Foraging rates ranged from 0.7–2.0 minutes in wetlands and 1.0–4.0 minutes at the garbage dump. Wetlands with shallow water (1–10 cm) showed the highest foraging success (85.1%), decreasing with depth; paddy fields had lower success (70.6%). Prey handling time increased with size, particularly for prey ≥ 30 cm (60–140 seconds), and was most efficient at 1–30 cm depth. Handling time correlated positively with water depth (r = 0.860) and number of footsteps (r = 0.478). Storks used visual, tactile, and combined foraging techniques depending on habitat. In captivity, Cyprinids were preferred; Monopterus cuchia showed high profitability despite longer handling. Regurgitated food from nests confirmed a diet dominated by Channa and Cyprinids. Morphometric traits like long bills and legs support efficient foraging in shallow wetlands. These findings highlight the stork’s behavioral flexibility and emphasize wetland conservation as vital to sustaining foraging habitats and guiding conservation efforts.

The house fly, Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae), is a public health pest commonly found on animal farms, manure heaps, and garbage dumps. In agricultural and livestock areas, house flies are frequently exposed to pesticides used against various pests, which leads to the development of insecticide resistance. This resistance complicates their control and has prompted researchers and insecticide manufacturers to explore alternative control strategies and methods. This study examines the effects of insect growth regulators (IGRs), specifically diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen, used as larvicides, on egg yield, egg-laying index, and egg-to-adult transition rates in six different house fly populations. These populations were collected and cultured from five Turkish provinces (Antalya, Bursa, Edirne, Gaziantep, and İzmir) between June 2020 and August 2021, as well as from a susceptible population provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The adult house flies were fed sugar solutions (40%) containing either 5% or 10% concentrations of diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen. Our findings show an 80% reduction in egg yield and a 90% reduction in adult emergence rates across all populations compared to the control group. Although exposure to IGRs significantly decreased egg area indices, it did not affect the egg to adult transition rate.

This research discusses the conflict dynamics of the relocation of Kindai Limpuar Market traders in Gambut Sub-district, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The Banjar Regency Government built the New Gambut People's Market as an effort to organize the market and reduce traffic congestion due to trading activities on the road shoulder. However, the plan to relocate traders from Kindai Limpuar Market faced resistance due to the strategic location of the old market, the convenience of trading, the cost of renting stalls, and the lack of supporting facilities in the new market. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to describe the subjective experiences of traders, consumers, and the surrounding community towards the relocation conflict. The technique of determining informants was carried out through snowball sampling, so that 15 traders and 5 consumers were obtained. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The results showed that the conflict was vertical between traders and the local government, triggered by differences in interests and unpreparedness of infrastructure. As a result, the Gambut Baru People's Market was abandoned and the building was used as a cattle market and garbage dump. This research recommends a participatory approach in planning market relocation and infrastructure improvements as an effort to reduce conflict and maximize the utilization of market facilities.