Game Of Cricket Research Articles

Umpire Gesture Detection and Recognition using HOG and Non-Linear Support Vector Machine (NL-SVM) Classification of Deep Features in Cricket Videos

Gesture Recognition pertains to recognizing meaningful expressions of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head, and/or body. It is of utmost importance in designing an intelligent and efficient human–computer interface. The applications of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language through medical rehabilitation, monitoring patients or elder people, surveillance systems, sports gesture analysis, human behaviour analysis etc., to virtual reality. In recent years, there has been increased interest in video summarization and automatic sports highlights generation in the game of Cricket. In Cricket, the Umpire has the authority to make important decisions about events on the field. The Umpire signals important events using unique hand on signals and gestures. The primary intention of our work is to design and develop a new robust method for Umpire Action and Non-Action Gesture Identification and Recognition based on the Umpire Segmentation and the proposed Histogram Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature Extraction oriented Non-Linear Support Vector Machine (NL-SVM) classification of Deep Features. Primarily the 80% of Umpire action and non-action images in a cricket match, about 1, 93, 000 frames, the Histogram of Oriented Gradient Deep Features are calculated and trained the system having six gestures of Umpire pose. The proposed HOG Feature Extraction oriented Non-Linear Support Vector Machine classification method achieves the maximal accuracy of 97.95%, the maximal sensitivity of 98.87%, the maximal specificity of 98.89% and maximal Precision of 97.02% which indicates its superiority.

Personality Dimensions Drive Achievement Levels of Cricket Players: A Study on the Five-Factor Model

Aim of study. Cricket is considered a mental game among elite level performers. Specific personality traits characterize elite-level endeavors and high-potential athletes. Previous studies on psychological characteristics of cricket players reported that more skilful cricketers deal more consistently and effectively with their emotions and pressure. 
 Therefore the objective of the present study was analysis of personality traits of cricket players at national, state, and district levels with the help of Five-Factor Model. 
 Materials and Methods. Sample size included 120 male subjects (60 batsmen and 60 pace bowlers) recruited from cricket academies/training facilities/competition venues in India. Big-Five Personality Inventory (BFI-44) was utilized to measure personality dimensions. Differences among personality variables at different competition levels of batsmen and pace bowlers were analyzed using One-way MANOVAs. 
 Results. National level pace bowlers scored high on openness (national vs. district, Mean Difference (MD) = 4.25, p < 0.05; national vs. state, MD = 2.75, p < 0.05) and agreeableness (national vs. district, MD = 4.70, p < 0.05; national vs. state, MD = 3.40, p < 0.05). Similarly, national level batsmen scored high on extraversion (national vs. district; MD = 4.350; p < 0.05), agreeableness (national vs. state; MD = 3.70; p < 0.05), and conscientiousness (national ns. district, MD = 3.25, p < 0.05; national vs. state, MD = 3.450, p < 0.05). 
 Conclusions. National level pace bowlers exhibited greater agreeableness and openness whereas similar level batsmen showed greater agreeableness, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness as compared to lower levels of participation. Since the concept of “Form” demands multi-factorial approach in the game of cricket, other facets of personality such as focus, mental toughness, self-belief, optimism etc. should also be explored for effective talent identification and coaching in cricket.

An optimized model to create teams in fantasy cricket

Fantasy cricket is a sport based on actual cricket matches where points are earned based on players performance in those matches. In the proposed work, we created teams in the game of virtual cricket domain by employ an optimized model in fantasy cricket. For this intent, the concept of credit and points system was incorporated and various constraints are presented. In this work, the system generates teams with given constraints using an optimized model. No system, till now, that generates teams automatically with given conditions in the game of fantasy cricket. Our proposed system generates all possible teams or optimal teams based on given conditions and/or user-selected criteria. The system-generated teams are tested in a real-time environment with the teams that are created manually by users. The result shows more percentage of success over the teams created by users.

Incredible Repetition of Number 3 in Adorable Game of Cricket

Author, an orthopedic surgeon and passionate researcher in Clubfoot for over fifty years, published an article in International Orthopaedics (SICOT) in 2018; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3741-6. In that article, there was an incredible discovery i.e., 23 times repetition, of number3, besides-the publication, DOI: https://doi.org/10.36811/cjo.2020.110002 CJO(Clinical Journal of Orthopedics): August-2020 and some references of repeating number 3 about CRICKET also in them. AIM: Motivated by this, the author explored the game of cricket further and this too was incredibly true, to be described under different headings in this article. Material has been derived from contents of cricket namely: equipment, actions, famous world cricketers, and places related to cricket. Methods were Google search, under three headings: firstly; many things in cricket are destined to happen at a fixed time and place, just like in author’s clubfoot publications. Secondly: Unprecedented repetitions of number 3 in cricket under various headings, and THIRDLY, on Google search, number 3 in numerology, symbolic of planet Jupiter, has innumerable good attributes for the related people. This number has been found to have myriad, evolutionary bonds, in every area of humanity, on planet earth and beyond, since ancient times, which are scientific, spiritual, socio-religious, political, etc. Conclusions: 1. Many events are completely scientific; 2. Others are unique coincidences with scientific explanation and 3. Still, others are amazing truths, proving again that “Truth is Stranger than Fiction”. Because of its uniqueness, this article needs to spread its wing.

ANALYSIS OF BATTING CRICKET EXERCISES BEGINNERS JAKARTA’S ATHLETES U-17

Abstract Batting is a major component in the game of Cricket. Batting is collecting value by hitting the ball and holding the ball and running to swap places with other runners, and if the ball hits the stump then the batsman is declared out. This study discusses the analysis of batting techniques in the game of Cricket U-17 beginner athletes in DKI Jakarta. The subjects in this study were novice athletes from Jakarta U-17 athletes, who were junior high and high school students who had just joined the cricket team. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative research. With a sample of 60 athletes who are members of the Jakarta U-17 beginner athletes. The results showed that, it showed that the category of batting training facilities and infrastructure for U-17 athletes in DKI Jakarta was 86.04% on average. These results illustrate that batting facilities and infrastructure are in very good category. Furthermore, in the category of results of the application of batting training for U-17 athletes in DKI Jakarta, it shows that the average is 74.94%. These results illustrate that the application of batting in the category is good and the results of batting for U-17 athletes in DKI Jakarta show that the average is 53.36%. These results illustrate that the batting in the category is sufficient. The results of field observations and analysis in the Batting Cricket exercise are explained as follows: 1) The results of the training that are not optimal are a form of not being properly absorbed by the Batting exercises performed by the coach. 2) The need to adjust the training program adopted from outside as well as the training model and media used in training, to suit the characteristics of the athlete. 3) Batting is the main component for all Cricket athletes. So every beginner athlete in DKI Jakarta U-17 Cricket must master the maximum technique of Batting Cricket.

‘The Englishman’s Game’: Cricket and the Influence of English Culture in North America, 1830–1900

At a time when the British Empire and cultural imperialism was influencing large parts of the globe, an English-styled ethos for games and leisure was also developing in a former colony. Indeed, sport in North America during the mid to late nineteenth century was being shaped, in part, by a middle-class attitude that gave rise to the spread and maintenance of a distinct culture amongst the English diaspora as well as shaping attitudes towards organized sport of the American population. The game of cricket, in particular, was instrumental in this. First introduced by English immigrants to Philadelphia in the 1830s, cricket took hold in areas such as New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and, along with other sports, evolved in a manner that mirrored its development in the British Isles. Reflective of the unique place of the US as a former British colony, the meaning of cricket as the quintessential ‘English game’ in North America will be explored here as will its development within both English and American society during this period. The game’s role in creating and maintaining a distinct and purposeful English culture will be examined as an addition to existing studies exploring cricket’s ultimate place in American sporting history.

A probabilistic approach to identifying run scoring advantage in the order of playing cricket

In the game of cricket, the decision to bat first after winning the toss is often taken to make the best use of superior pitch conditions and set a big target for the opponent. However, the opponent may fail to show their natural batting performance in the second innings due to several factors, including deteriorated pitch conditions and excessive pressure of chasing a high target score. The advantage of batting first has been highlighted in the literature and expert opinions. However, the effect of batting and bowling order on match outcome has not been investigated well enough to recommend an adjustment of potential bias. This study proposes a probability-based model to study venue-specific scoring and chasing characteristics of teams with different match outcomes. A total of 1117 one-day international cricket matches held in ten popular venues are analyzed to show substantially high scoring likelihood when the winning team bat in the first innings. In a high scoring match, results suggest that the same bat-first winning team is very unlikely to score or chase the same high score if they bat in the second innings. We use the Bayesian rule to identify the bias in the scoring likelihood due to the playing order (bat-first versus bat-second). The bias is adjusted by revising the second innings target in a way that equalizes winning and run scoring likelihoods of both teams. The data and source code have been shared publicly for future research in creating competitive match outcomes by eliminating the advantage of batting order in run scoring.

WITHDRAWN: Home Sports Intelligent Data Simulation Based on RDMA Read Mechanism of High Performance Computing System

Abstract Home games are one of the most essential to improve and ensure another quality. To do this, fix the mistake utilizing an innovation called RDMA and make it. Distant memory is utilized to move data, starting with one spot and then utilizing the control catches to improve quality and encourage downloads. Consequently, this method is generally used to improve data in the field of sports. Subsequently, this innovation makes it simple to work the controller's memory pivot with organizational innovation's assistance. Processing innovation can, likewise be extremely useful in improving data innovation. This is because distant innovation upholds works related to PC innovation to improve correspondence execution. It is anything but difficult to improve the aptitudes of competitors and investigate their presentation abilities. This is the reason this method is so broadly utilized. Cricket and numerous different games use it to improve and find the cycle of the game. Correspondence and information stockpiling when utilizing this innovation show the nature of far off innovation.

Analysing Long Short Term Memory Models for Cricket Match Outcome Prediction

As the technology advances, an ample amount of data is collected in sports with the help of advanced sensors. Sports Analytics is the study of this data to provide a constructive advantage to the team and its players. The game of international cricket is popular all across the globe. Recently, various machine learning techniques have been used to analyse the cricket match data and predict the match outcome as win or lose. Generally these models make use of the overall match level statistics such as teams, venue, average run rate, win margin, etc to predict the match results before the beginning of the match. However, very few works provide insights based on the ball-by-ball level statistics. Here we propose a novel Recurrent Neural Network model which can predict the win probability of a match at regular intervals given the ball-by-ball statistics. The Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Model takes as input the ball wise features as well as the match level details available from the training dataset. It gives a prediction of winning the match at any time stamp during the match. This level of insight will help the team to predict the probability of them winning the match after every ball and help them determine the critical in-game changes they should make in their game strategies.

Using machine learning techniques for rising star prediction in basketball

Rising stars in any field are the persons that have the potential to become popular in near future. Exploring rising stars in any organization will help the organization in their decisions making. Concept of rising star has been applied for finding rising authors in research community, rising business managers in telecommunication industry and rising players in the game of cricket. In this paper we presented the rising star prediction in basketball as a machine learning problem. We presented three types of co-players: co-players of same team in same game, co-players of opponent team in same game and co-players of both same and opponent team in same game. Co-players statistics are used as features for machine learning models. The co-player features are classified by feature size and type, which are further divided into different categories. Derived features along with their mathematical formulation are presented, that are derived from players statistics. The impact of co-players on prediction of rising star is measured through various machine learning models. Experimental results shows that derived features are dominant on different datasets in terms of F-measure score. The highest F-measure score achieved by derived features is 96%. Comparison of different machine learning models shows that Maximum Entropy Markov Model is dominant on all datasets in terms of F-measure score. The highest F-measure score achieved by Maximum Entropy Markov Model is 96%. Ranking comparison shows that most of the labeled rising stars are ranked in the top 100 in the subsequent six seasons. Comparison of rising stars with NBA (National Basketball Association) most improved players shows that rising stars have better efficiency in those seasons for which NBA most improved players were selected.

Generic model for automated player selection for cricket teams using recurrent neural networks

In this paper, an optimized model has been proposed exclusively for the game of cricket whereby a team of fifteen members can be chosen in an unbiased strategy. The proposed method involves a hybrid technique that uses the concept of genetic algorithm (GA) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) for selecting efficient players. Suitable preprocessing is applied to the individual players historical statistics and an initial feature matrix is generated for a player. This feature matrix is fed to the proposed mathematical function used in GA. The GA utilizes a novel fitness function for the minimization of loss-factor. This results in a refined feature matrix. This refined feature matrix is further subjected to RNN to assess a final score for the individual player. Finally, the proposed model comes up with a concurrent rank table that can be referred by the team selectors for an easy and efficient player selection for the upcoming match. It may be essentially considered that the proposed model provides results for the upcoming match or tournament only. Three different authentic datasets have been referred for the purpose of experimental evaluation of the proposed model. The results are compared with the recent match performances of each players. Surprisingly, almost equivalent results are obtained which supports the robustness of the scheme. In cases, the proposed scheme outperforms the manual team selection in terms of performance, that indicates that a slight better team could have been created in certain cases. The overall rate of accuracy in terms of predicted list of players for each match vis-a-vis the manually selected players comes out to be satisfactorily 98.5%.

Effectiveness of Tailored Reaction Time Training Drills in Addition to Warm-Up Sessions on Performance Parameters in Recreational Cricket Players

Background: In the game of cricket, the players need very good reflexes to react to the situation. The players who plays very rarely (recreational players) end up with more injuries compared to elite players due to improper training session and warm-ups. The recreational players in over enthusiasm often end up with injury during the match. So to improve the performance of the recreational cricket players their reaction time should be improved. Thus recreational players need appropriate training and awareness of such therapeutic reaction time training drills like Ball Drop Drill, Reactive Gear Drill, Shuffle Reaction Ball Drill, Ball Catch Drill, Run Shuffle Drill, T-Drill, Multiple Slinger Drill and Mountain climber to Sprint along with regular warm up sessions are necessary for preventing injuries as well as improving the performance parameters of the cricket players. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of conventional and tailor made Reaction Time Training Drills sessions for recreational cricket players. Method: In this study, 26 individuals who played cricket for recreation (all male) were taken. They were equally divided into two groups i.e. Group A and Group B. Individuals in the age group of 19-30 years were included in this study, out of which 13(50%) players were in group A and 13(50%) were in group This consisted of those who played recreational cricket and did not have any training or experience in professional Cricket. Pre intervention and post intervention reaction time testing were taken. Group A received conventional training while Group B received Reaction Time Training Drill. Result: There was a significant effect of reaction time training on individuals of group B compared to conventional training in group A (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The tailored Reaction Time Training Drills are effective in improving performance and preventing injuries in recreational cricket players.

Predicting the Outcome of a T20 Cricket Game Based on the Players’ Abilities to Perform Under Pressure

With the advent of the Twenty20 format in cricket, the game has become more competitive. The number of nail-biting finishes that go to the last over has also increased as a result. As the game goes to the last over, the match result is mostly dependent on the effectiveness of batsmen at the crease and the player who is bowling the last over. This gave rise to an interesting idea for predicting the game result before the start of the final over based on the capabilities of the batsmen and the bowler. We used data from the first eight Indian Premier League (IPL) seasons as the training data, and from the last two IPL seasons as the test data. We trained and tested our model using Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors algorithms, and obtained the best accuracy using the SVM (89.36%).

Naive Bayes approach to predict the winner of an ODI cricket game

Naive Bayes approach to predict the winner of an ODI cricket game

Numerical simulation of ball-pitch impact in cricket

Pitch conditions provide very important inputs that determine the flight and spin of the cricket ball before it reaches the batsman in the game of cricket. Due to insufficient understanding of the factors that influence the playing quality of the pitch, dependence upon experience or using some thumb rule remains the only option. This study uses numerical tools to understand the different parameters influencing the impact between cricket ball and pitch. Pitch is modelled as two-layer composite of top clay-soil foundation. Numerical simulation is used in the present work to study the variation of ball flight parameters such as rebound velocities, exit spin velocities, rebound angle on different surface conditions of the pitch.

Heuristics for Winner Prediction in International Cricket Matches

Cricket is popularly known as the game of gentlemen. The game of cricket has been introduced to the World by England. Since the introduction till date, it has become the second most ever popular game. In this context, few a data mining and analytical techniques have been proposed for the same. In this work, two different scenario have been considered for the prediction of winning team based on several parameters. These scenario are taken for two different standard formats for the game namely, one day international (ODI) cricket and twenty-twenty cricket (T-20). The prediction approaches differ from each other based on the types of parameters considered and the corresponding functional strategies. The strategies proposed here adopts two different approaches. One approach is for the winner prediction for one-day matches and the other is for predicting the winner for a T-20 match. The approaches have been proposed separately for both the versions of the game pertaining to the intra-variability in the strategies adopted by a team and individuals for each. The proposed strategies for each of the two scenarios have been individually evaluated against existing benchmark works, and for each of the cases the duo of approaches have outperformed the rest in terms of the prediction accuracy. The novel heuristics proposed herewith reflects efficiency and accuracy with respect to prediction of cricket data.

Setting Target Scores of Better Acceptability in Interrupted Limited Over Cricket Matches by Introducing the Concept ‘Makeup Factor’

In the game of cricket, the advantage a team enjoys by doing better than what the par score demands at the time of interruption is something which should get distributed among rest of the overs. When the remaining overs get significantly reduced due to an interruption, as per the present methods, this entire advantage a team possesses at the time of interruption gets concentrated to a lesser number of overs, thus increasing their winning probability significantly. Makeup factor is a feature which makes a proportionate reduction in this advantage/disadvantage based on the proportion of the remaining overs after interruption to the originally remaining overs at the time of interruption.

Intelligent Cricket Team Selection by Predicting Individual Players’ Performance using Efficient Machine Learning Technique

In any game, selection of best players in a team plays vital role in overall team performance. The team selection in any sport is the key task to ensure good performance of the team. Players are selected based on different criteria. In game of cricket selection of players should consider parameters like players own performance, ground condition, weather forecasting, opposition strength and weakness etc. Machine learning can play vital role in players’ performance prediction. Machine learning uses historical data of team performance and past performance of individual players to predict overall performance of team. Prediction of individual player performance helps in team building process. Recently many researchers proposed model for prediction of player’s performance for a game of cricket. Researchers’ uses machine learning approach for prediction. However existing studies omits some vital features related to ground and weather in their study which have potential to make huge impact on player’s performance. We performed detailed study and literature survey to propose efficient performance prediction of players for game of cricket. Our model will help in best team selection and thus improves overall team performance.

A cricket game, a train ticket and a vacuum to be filled: Ayer’s logical positivism as a focal point for post-war British cultural struggles

ABSTRACT In 1948, A.J. Ayer was attacked on the pages of The New Statesman and Nation magazine where it was claimed that his views were partly responsible for increasingly Fascist attitudes at Oxford. Ayer was charged with promoting a philosophy of values (or one lacking therein) that allowed Fascism to fill the moral vacuum. Ayer noted that he knew who had written the article (and the ones that followed) and that this person had done so for entirely contingent and non-philosophical reasons. This paper aims to examine the historical context by discussing the article and the events that followed it; to show that the specific charges against Ayer were rooted in deeper philosophical/practical issues, namely the nature and status of philosophy; and to demonstrate that logical empiricism, or rather logical positivism as a movement, was indeed especially sensitive to political issues.

When can you expect contrast swing in a cricket game, and how to obtain it?

Curved trajectories are widely used in sports played with balls. Specifically, in cricket, balls are bowled with curved trajectories to surprise the batsman. Amongst the bowling techniques that provide curved trajectories, one of the most controversial is called contrast swing. This technique is specific to cricket and happens when the ball gets a nonuniform wear on each hemisphere after a few launches. The differential wear on the two sides of the cricket ball creates an aerodynamic side force. We quantify this force through wind tunnel experiments varying the roughness on one hemisphere of the ball. Trajectory modelling shows that this aerodynamic force is consistent with measurements on real throws. We also measure the side-to-side differential wear generated on a cricket ball as a function of the number of launches. Finally, we estimate the minimum velocity required to achieve contrast swing and the expected deviation as a function of launches number and game conditions.