Game Group Research Articles

Your Move: An Open Access Dataset of Over 1500 Board Gamer’s Demographics, Preferences and Motivations

Intro This paper reports the demographics of a large sample of board gamers and their in-game motivations and preferences. Methods We report the specific preferences of 1603 board gamers (i.e. preferred platform, mechanics, style, theme, player count and game length) and player demographics, i.e. age, gender, education level as well as neurodivergence in this population. Participants were sampled via board game groups and game distributor mailing lists. Results Findings confirmed previous assumptions that board gamers are primarily middle-aged, university/college-educated, white males. We show that most gamers identify as mid-core/core with a preference for shorter, competitive Euro games. They tend to prefer in-person play with 3-4 players. However, a sizeable portion of the sample did not fit this description, showing a more complex picture. Discussion Results describe the population's demographics and detailed description of gamers preferred, mechanics, themes, components, preferences and motivations. An anonymised version of this data set is provided alongside this work for game designers and academics to explore further and cross-reference relationships between demographics and preferences/motivations. Considering that a quarter of the sample were neurodivergent (i.e. reported at least one mental health or neurodevelopmental condition) the dataset could also help clinicians who use board games as interventional tools. We hope this dataset (https://osf.io/tu8yq) will be helpful to board game designers, clinicians, educators, teachers, therapists and researchers interested in utilising board games to make informed choices about which games they use.

The Effect of Creative and Traditional Games on Motor Coordination and Creativity in Action and Movement in Girls 6 to 7 Years Old

Background and Aims Creative solutions are essential to success in sports, the development of talent, and the selection system, and it is important to be flourished in the early years. On the other hand, the play environment is one of the most effective environments in supporting the motor creativity of preschool children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of creative and traditional games on motor coordination and creativity in action and movement in girls aged 6 to 7 years. Methods The present quasi-experimental study is an applied study that was conducted with a pretest-posttest design. A total of 107 girls aged 6-7 years were selected by the available sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two creative and traditional games. Demographic questionnaire, thinking creatively in action and movement (TCAM) test, motor coordination test (The Körperkoordinations test für kinder [KTK]), and motor games were used. The practice protocol included creative movement games such as crab-style walking relief competition, bubble game, hungry wolf, play with small colored balls, balloon games, and traditional games. For the pretest and posttest, the TCAM and KTK tests were performed. Data were analyzed using combined factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS software, version 22. Results The results showed that the main effect of the evaluation steps was significant (P=0.001) for the motor coordination variable and was better in both groups posttest in the motor coordination test. The main effect of the group is significant (P=0.001), and the creative exercise group had better motor coordination in the posttest. The interaction effect of the group in the evaluation stages is significant (P=0.001). The average total score of creativity and components of fluidity, initiation, and imagination in the posttest was higher in the pretest, and the creative game group obtained higher scores in these components. Performing creative games had a more significant effect on children’s creativity, movement, and physical coordination than traditional games. Conclusion The children’s physical coordination and motor creativity increase with the practice of creative games. Children’s motor creativity skills, especially mental skills, and their originality and imagination are supported through play. It is better to use creative practice and games to develop children’s mental and motor skills during school physical education hours.

“The Synaptic Board Game” Improves Health Sciences Students’ Learning on Synaptic Transmission

Background Synaptic Transmission (ST) is a content of Physiology courses in which students frequently experience learning difficulties. Intervention Here, we evaluated the impact of using The Synaptic Board Game (SBG), an educational game created to assist in ST teaching-learning, on students’ knowledge. Methods Sixty-eight students were divided into control (CT) and synaptic board game groups (GG); CT attended one theoretical class (TC) about ST, and GG experienced 1 h of class using the SBG in addition to the same TC. Before and immediately after the intervention, students completed tests about ST. Overall scores and performance in specific questions (general synaptic transmission, electrical, and chemical synapse) were assessed. Results GG scored higher in the immediate post-test compared to the pre-test. In addition, GG showed higher overall scores than CT in the immediate post-test. Both groups scored lower in the post-test in general synaptic transmission questions, but GG performed better than CT. Discussion SBG improves knowledge after practice and seems to help students understand better the differences between electrical and chemical synapses. Limitations and Suggestions (i) the immediate post-test could be applied at the same time for both groups; (ii) future quiz apps developed to be applied in class could collect the data regarding the answers to each question from students while they play the game; (iii) a late post-test could be applied simultaneously with students from both groups without previous communication. Conclusion The results indicate that SBG is an effective teaching material to reinforce ST learning and avoid misunderstandings between electrical and chemical synapses.

The Effect of Physical Activity and Selected Games in Leisure Time on the Feeling of Loneliness, Self-Efficacy, and Life Expectancy of Elderly Women

This study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity and selected games in leisure time on the feeling of loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women. The research was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included elderly women aged over 60 years old in Mashhad's elderly homes. 50 available women were selected as participants. The subjects were divided into three groups: physical activity, game, and control. The subjects (physical activity and game groups) participated in the exercise program with 45 minutes per session and three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The instruments included a questionnaire of UCLA loneliness scale (Russell, 1996), self-efficacy scale (Sherer et al., 1982), and Life expectancy scale (Snyder, 2002). SPSS 24 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the results of the game group and the control group based on loneliness (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the results of the game and physical activity groups with the control group based on self-efficacy and life expectancy of elderly women (P<0.05). It can be said that playing games in leisure time have a more significant impact than physical activity on loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women.

Antecedents of mobile device purchase intention by mobile gamers

PurposeThis study aims to verify the antecedents influencing mobile gamers’ intentions to purchase mobile phones. To this end, the constructs price–quality relationship, price sensitivity, perceived quality, identification with the group of gamers and referrals from other gamers were identified in the literature.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online questionnaire with 335 consumers. The model was tested using partial least squares.FindingsIt was verified that the price–quality relationship directly influences mobile gamers' intentions to purchase mobile phones. Also, it was observed that price sensitivity of mobile gamers directly influences the price–quality relationship and indirectly influences the intention to purchase mobile phones to play games. It was further verified that this price sensitivity is directly influenced by the perceived quality of mobile gaming devices. Finally, it was observed that referrals from other gamers directly influences the perceived quality and onès identification with the group of gamers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study concluded that developing strategies focused on prices of mobile phones gamers use to play games tends to influence mobile gamers' purchase intentions. This paper extends the study of mobile device purchase behavior, uniting constructs studied separately and proposing connections not yet tested, assisting in the theoretical understanding of the factors that contribute to the intention to purchase mobile devices.Originality/valueThis study is theoretically justified for four reasons: it focused on a specific group of consumers, mobile gamers, which is a constantly growing audience; it brought an innovative model, testing the influence of the perceived quality of mobile gaming devices on the price sensitivity of mobile gamers; there are spaces for new research on mobile device purchase intention; and it may assist in the theoretical understanding of the factors contributing to mobile device purchase intention.

The effect of circuit training, fartlek, and small-sided games on maximum oxygen consumption capacity building in futsal players

Purpose : This research aims to assess the effect of circuit training, fartlek, and small-sided games on futsal players' maximum oxygen consumption capacity.
 Material and methods. This research was carried out at the Upik Indoor Futsal Banjarmasin field from May to June. The treatment consists of 16 meetings held three times a week. This research applies a random pre- and post-test control group design. Players from the FFC BSM Junior Futsal Club make up the population.
 The results. As a result of the employment of sampling formulas and inclusion and exclusion criteria, forty individuals were included in this study. The adopted instrument is a multistage fitness test with a validity of 0.408 and reliability of 0.875. Data analysis using the help of SPSS includes normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The findings of this study's normality test indicated that the mean of each group achieved a significance level of > 0.05. Therefore it can be assumed that the data were normally distributed. Meanwhile, the homogeneity test results got a significance value of > 0.05, which can be considered homogeneous or the same data. This study showed that the three training groups showed a significant increase in the maximum oxygen consumption capacity of futsal players by obtaining a significance value of < 0.05. In contrast, the control group got a significance value of > 0.197, and It can be concluded that there was no significant influence. The study also showed that small-sided game training groups improved better than circuit training groups, fartlek groups, and control groups. The increase obtained from the small-sided games group, judging from the average difference value of the small-sided games training group, increased by 4.11, the circuit training group increased by 3.71, the fartlek group increased by 3.78, and the control group increased by 0.48.
 Conclusion. Thus, it can be concluded that circuit training, fartlek, and small-sided games positively impact the improvement maximum oxygen consumption capacity in futsal players. However, the small-sided game training methods group found the greatest improvement in training methods in this study.

Intergroup competition, group status, and individuals’ cooperation behavior: Evidence from a laboratory experiment

Intergroup competition has been proven to increase ingroup cooperation, but it will also divide individuals into high-status groups and low-status groups, which may lead to group-level conflict and affect cooperation behavior among different status group members. In this paper, we conduct a laboratory experiment to find how group status caused by intergroup competition changes individuals’ cooperation behavior in two representative social dilemma frameworks, the public goods game and the prisoner's dilemma game. Experimental results show that both high-status group members and low-status group members will improve ingroup cooperation, and there exists the framing effect of cooperation which affects different status group members’ decisions under different situations. Specifically, the increase of ingroup cooperation occurs among low-status group members in the public goods game and high-status group members in the prisoner's dilemma game. Besides, we find no evidence of any significant change in outgroup cooperation among different status group members.

Art and other group therapies with adolescents in inpatient mental health care

ABSTRACT Background: Group programmes are a common component of treatment in inpatient child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) units. There is evidence for specific group interventions, however, comparison across a multidisciplinary group programme is under-explored. Aims: This research examines young people's experiences of, and satisfaction with, a multidisciplinary group programme on an acute inpatient CAMHS unit. Methods: Weekly surveys were distributed to young people, and 37 responses were gathered across four months in 2018. Rates of attendance, enjoyment and perceived helpfulness of groups were calculated. Content analysis was used to explore key themes in qualitative responses. Results: Young people rated a creative activities and games group (54.05%) and the art therapy group (48.95%) as the two most enjoyable groups. Art therapy was reported to be the most helpful group overall (45.65%). Young people also expressed their dislike for verbal psychotherapy groups (43.24%), finding these confronting relative to other modalities in the programme. Conclusions: Art therapy and arts-based groups received the highest positive feedback relative to predominantly verbal psychotherapy groups. A multidisciplinary group programme which integrates art therapy and other creative modalities has the potential to enhance engagement in acute inpatient settings which may result in improved mental health outcomes for young people. Implications for future research and practice: Future research should aim to foreground young people's perspectives and experiences of therapeutic programmes, and provide opportunities for clinicians to redevelop programmes responsively to service user feedback. Survey findings support advocacy for consistent art therapy roles and services within inpatient CAMHS units.

Potret Remaja Urban dalam Novel Teenlit Berjudul Married With Senior karya Cintaprita

This article was written to explain and describe the portrait of urban youth in the teenlit novel entitled Married With Senior by Cintaprita. This study uses literary research with descriptive methods. Based on the results of research on the novel Married With Senior by Cintaprita, 22 data were found related to the portrait of urban youth in the novel. (1) The portrait of the fun personality of urban youth in Cintaprita's novel Married With Senior is described through addiction to online games and addiction to novels. (2) The portrait of the socio-economic position of an urban youth family in Cintaprita's novel Married With Senior is that urban teenagers are with upper-class social status. (3) The portrait of prestige urban youth recreation in Cintaprita's novel Married With Senior can be seen in the indicators of clothing used, namely wearing dresses, based on indicators of luxury cars and motorcycles, and places to visit restaurants and malls. (4) the portrait of the fun of urban youth playing groups in Cintaprita's novel Married With Senior can be seen by the fun of a group of teenage games. (5) The portrait of urban juvenile delinquency in the novel Married With Senior by Cintaprita can be seen urban youth described by Cintaprita namely wild racing, drinking wine and smoking.

Praxeological characteristics of the game model in risky situations for football players as a determinant of rational training

Background: The article is of an implementation (application) nature, addressing problems related to the modelling of individual play in risky situations. Assuming that individual actions constitute the basis of team play, the work carried out a praxeological assessment of individual play in risky situations. These activities, due to the specificity of the sports game (group pressing), high difficulty in execution (activity in discomfort), constitute a significant element that in the modern game becomes a necessity for organized training. Methods: The assessment of actions in difficult situations was made on the example of the game of football (soccer) players from group H (Colombia, Japan, Senegal, Poland), participating in the World Cup tournament - Russia 2018 (observation of 150 players). The research used the method of noted observation, which consisted of direct recorded observation – secondary (DVD material), with the possibility of repeated replay of the events being the subject of research. The data obtained were recorded on a praxeological observation sheet. Results: Data analysis allowed to determine the level of individual actions in risky situations, which, for application purposes, determines not only the assessment of these actions against the background of dominant football teams in the world but, above all, determines the direction of game modelling in organized training of football players in Poland. Conclusion: Individual game activities are activities that are significant to the effectiveness of the game. Teams achieving better values for the above activities in the analysed tournament had higher values of praxeological indices of the game than teams losing their matches.

Shall we play together? Game-based learning for engagement and classroom climate in Spanish socially deprived communities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a game-based learning (GBL) program on the classroom climate and engagement of high schools in socially deprived communities in Spain. The study included 277 students from two secondary schools located in Southern Spain, situated in Zones in Need of Social Transformation. Sampling was non-probabilistic and accidental, based on the accessibility of the school and the willingness of the management and teaching staff to participate in the GBL program. The study employed a control group and two experimental groups (cooperative games group only and cooperative and competitive games group) to compare pre-test and post-test data in both groups. The Brief Class Climate Scale and Engagement Inventory, validated in academic literature, were used as assessment instruments. The study used a series of ANOVA tests to compare the experimental groups with the control group. The results indicated statistically significant changes in all study variables. In all cases, the experimental groups demonstrated greater benefits than the control group. The study findings reveal that games can provide significant benefits to students, regardless of whether they are cooperative or competitive. The study provides evidence of the benefits of GBL in high schools located in socially deprived communities in Spain.

Intentional forgetting in excessive behavior: direct suppression and thought substitution

Excessive behavior refers to certain conduct or activities that exceed normal or healthy levels in terms of degree or frequency and may result in negative consequences for individuals. The present study suggests that negative memories underlie the recurrence and maintenance of excessive behaviors, and investigates whether individuals with excessive behavior might benefit from strategies of intentional forgetting to forget negative memories. In a modified think/no-think (TNT) task, 36 excessive gaming individuals and 36 controls were randomly assigned to two forgetting strategies: direct suppression and thought substitution. Direct suppression involved trying not to recall paired targets in no-think trials, while thought substitution involved participants being given substitutes to recall. The results indicate that thought substitution exhibited significant below-baseline forgetting and produced larger forgetting effects than direct suppression in both the excessive gaming group and the control group. These findings suggest that thought substitution may be a more effective approach to counteract unwanted memories among individuals with excessive behavior. The idea of substitution in this study could also provide enlightenment on interventions for excessive behavior.

Impact of a Simulation Game (MASS) on the Undergraduate’s Experience and Performance in Triage Training–A Pilot Study

Introduction:The use of simulation games in education has been rising in recent years. Triage is not only a major content among the EMS (emergency medical services) but also a necessary skill for students to improve their first-aid ability. This study aims to investigate a game for education called MASS (movement, assessment, sort, and sending), which attempts to enhance students’ capability of disaster response.Method:A randomized controlled trial was conducted among students who took the course: “Understanding Disaster and Surviving Risk” during the term and volunteered to participate in teaching research from different faculties in Sichuan University. Participants were trained by using the simulation game or the online course before class. The simulation game is MASS, which uses virtual reality techniques to create a realistic 3D tanker explosion scene, and the online course is a Massive Open Online Course created by the teaching team. In the class, questionnaires with subjective and objective multiple choices were carried out after a discussion. With SPSS version 27.0, statistical significance among groups was determined by Mann-Whitney U-test for rank variables, Fisher’s exact test for binary variables.Results:73 students were included in this study, including 45 in the online course group and 28 in the simulation game group. The qualitative experience survey showed the two groups were significantly different in experience of disaster scene challenges, application scenes, and method of triage (P=0.031, 0.007, 0.031, respectively). Students in the simulation game group showed significantly better performance in knowledge acquisition including application scene of triage, key of the expectant’s assessment, and rescue condition for thoracentesis than in the Online game group (P=0.048, 0.020, 0.010, respectively).Conclusion:Simulation games can improve students’ experience and performance in triage training. Due to the unrepeatability of disaster, the study suggests that games can be used to conduct simulation education for disaster medicine.

The Impact of Implementing Games with Parental Support on Fundamental Movement Skills of Elementary School Students

This research aims to determine the impact of Galah Asin games with parental support on the fundamental movement skills of elementary school students. The sampling technique by dividing the population into two groups: a group that used the Galah Asin game (group I) and a group that used a modified Galah Asin game (group II) in the test of the level of support from the student's parents in carrying out movement activities. Based on test results, each group was ranked, and then 27% from the top were taken as a group with high parental support and 27% from the bottom as a group with low parental support. The method employed in this research was an experimental method with a 2x2 ANOVA design. Based on the results, the modification of the Galah Asin game has no better impact than the Galah Asin game on fundamental movement skills in elementary school students. There is an interaction between the Galah Asin game and parental support of fundamental movement skills in elementary school students. Students with high parental support do not have a better impact on fundamental movement skills than students with low parental support in elementary school students. Galah Asin game modifications have a better impact than Galah Asin games on fundamental movement skills for students with high parental support in elementary school.

Effect of the Costa Resiliente serious game on community disaster resilience

Higher frequency and intensity of disasters has raised the need to increase community resilience skills. The problem of fostering social skills is being solved with gamification. Gamification consists of mixing game mechanisms with social life based on the idea that games have positive implications at the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral levels. We analyzed if the Costa Resiliente Serious Game improves resilience skills in a coastal community of Southern Chile. Participants (N = 349) answered a questionnaire with six social-psychological scales, before and after playing the game. We tested changes in participants' responses regarding the group type (board game, video game and control group), age (10–19; 20–44; >45) and their location (facing the sea or inland). The positive significant effect of the game on community resilience is confirmed in the Neighborhood Interaction and Objective Knowledge scales (cognitive aspects). Such effect varies by age group and group type. The Intention of Evacuation to Elevated Areas (behavioral aspect) decreased in people living in coastal areas facing the sea, and the Home Place Attachment (affective aspect) increased in the same group, which is considered a negative effect of the game on community resilience. The closeness between home and evacuation sites, and the possible effect of past experiences and informal exchanges on knowledge about risk may explain these results. Costa Resiliente Serious Game has the potential for changing cognitive responses in particular age groups, with their positive effect for resilience. Recommendations are elaborated for the game in order to have a positive effect on other resilience skills.

How do parents experience patching or dichoptic action video gaming as amblyopia treatment? A qualitative study exploring treatment preferences and information needs to facilitate decision‐making

To explore parents' experiences, preferences and information needs when either patching treatment or dichoptic action video gaming is used as an amblyopia treatment for their child. A qualitative study was carried out on parents whose newly diagnosed amblyopic children participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of dichoptic action video gaming versus patching. A purposive heterogenic sample was selected for an additional interview after the study period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with one or both parents and transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was performed. Ten families agreed to participate: seven in the patching group and three in the gaming group. Two themes emerged from the data exploring experiences with treatment: (1) factors influencing compliance and (2) burden with treatment. Parents reported creating a routine which improved compliance with patching, as opposed to gaming where parents felt less need to conduct the treatment themselves as it was performed in the outpatient clinic. In both groups, parents experienced an information hiatus regarding the role of refractive error. In deciding the type of treatment to be used, parents preferred to deliberate the choice with the healthcare professional and discuss considerations resulting in shared decisions. The emerging themes were (1) effect and efficiency of treatment, (2) organisational aspects of treatments and (3) their child's traits. This study provides insight into the experiences of parents whose children underwent different types of amblyopia therapy. Both treatments have their own advantages and disadvantages. For parents, the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment were the most important aspects when deciding the method of management. Parents wish to come to a well-informed, shared decision regarding the type of amblyopia treatment.

Comparison of the efficacy between game-based learning and pamphlet on enhancing recognition of common cutaneous malignancies in Thai younger adults

Cutaneous malignancy is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidities and mortalities. Patient self-screening is helpful for early detection. Among educational pedagogies, game-based learning (GBL) has received increasing attention in recent years. We appraised the effectiveness of GBL, using Wordwall, to enhance cognitive performances pertaining to fundamental knowledge of cutaneous malignancies and perspectives on the intervention compared with a digital pamphlet. This multi-center study utilized a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted between February and April 2022. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned into a game group and a pamphlet group with a 1:1 ratio. Fundamental knowledge of cutaneous malignancies was assessed with pre- and post-intervention tests consisting of ten multiple choice questions with four alternative answers. These tests asked about prominent or pathognomonic features of cutaneous malignancies. During the five-day intervention period, recognition scores of participants in the game group were recorded. Perspectives on the interventions were also collected for analysis. A total of 94 participants were included, 60 (63.8%) were female. The mean age was 19.8 years (standard deviation [SD]=0.8). The increase in knowledge scores of the participants in the game group and pamphlet group was 2.57 (SD=1.30) and 2.36 (SD=1.52), respectively. In the game group, the mean best recognition score (13.89, SD=2.83) was significantly higher than the mean first recognition score (9.53, SD=2.48) with a p-value <0.001. The overall satisfaction among the participants in the game group and pamphlet group was 4.41 (SD=0.57) and 4.23 (SD=0.59), respectively. This study suggests potentiality of GBL to enhance knowledge and recognition performances of common cutaneous malignancies with high satisfaction. Embedding this approach in the primary prevention of cutaneous malignancies might be a promising option to prevent cancer-related morbidities and mortalities.

Success of the Establishment Stage in Group Counseling

Group counseling is a strategy in guidance and counseling that is assistance provided by utilizing group dynamics by discussing a personal problem of the group members. The formation stage is the initial stage which is very influential in further activities. At this stage, the formation of a group structure marks it. This research aims to discover the proper steps to take in the formation stage of group counseling. The research method is library research, which uses library data expansion methods, reading and recording, and processing research materials. The study results revealed that the group leader's Role in the formation stage dramatically determines the success of group counseling activities. It is hoped that the group leader is genuinely active and can ask, answer, feel, provide feedback, and control the group's game to create good dynamics.

Labour Law: New Workplaces in the Metaverse and Opportunities for Cultural and Heritage Professions

The authoress will analyse the impact that the metaverse has and will have on the labour market, with a focus on the employment relationship, in the scenario of transitional (labour) markets that face several issues closely related to technology and digital. Microsoft's investment of nearly $70 billion in 2022 on the metaverse, along with investments by Google and Epic Games and large groups such as Gucci, Nike and Walmart - to name a few - represent the tip of the iceberg of a process that is already well underway and in which we are all involved. On the one hand, the interaction of different elements of cyberspace – used to generate immersive experiences in augmented reality through the combination of physical and digital aspects of life, three-dimensional technology, the Internet of Things, and personal avatars – may represent a form of welfare. On the other hand, the legal issues are different both with respect to aspects that are more typical of digital/technology platform property law (to give an immediate example) and with respect to the issue of blockchain-supported platforms and the impact of the metaverse on the "workplace," which we are specifically interested in. It is necessary to delve into the different issues that arise in the Italian legal system. Such issues include both the status of the worker with the applicable discipline (whether framed under the discipline of transnational posting or falling under the discipline of the relationship with elements of internationality set forth in the Regulation (ec) no 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 of the Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)) and labour control. Moreover, issues related to the protections provided in the Italian Workers' Statute (Statuto dei Lavoratori), not excluding psychosocial risks, must also be investigated. Another issue to focus on is contractual distancing. The status of the worker in the Metaverse is that of one who sits at a virtual desk in front of a virtual keyboard and screen for completely virtual work performance. Likewise, effects of social dumping arise in light of a possible labour crowdsourcing problem in Countries where labour costs are low. On the labour front, the questions that will arise are: what employment regulations and contracts will have to be applied to such professional activities? And what kind of new job profiles will emerge? Lastly, ethical questions also surface regarding the system of rules as well as the algorithms that will have to administer the labour market in a scenario in which human and artificial intelligence will have to coexist and contaminate each other. Further enquiry will be presented on the need to manage human capital and its strictly related impact on human resources to avoid social inequalities and discrimination. Finally, the impact on new job profiles and opportunities for cultural and heritage professions will be analysed. Keywords: Labour law; Labour market; Metaverse; Health & safety; Heritage professions.

The Impact of Violent Online Games on Chinese Adolescents’ Social Relationships

Under the Chinese internet system's anti-addiction policy, online games, particularly those with violent functions, are banned, and some previous research has only examined the harmful effects of online gaming. This study examines the parents' relationship, peer relationship, and romantic relationship levels of teenagers' social relationships from the perspective of violent online games, as well as the gender variations in social relationship positivity. Specifically, Chinese teenagers were split into the violent game and non-violent game groups, gathered the adolescents' social interaction scores in three aspects via questionnaires, and conducted a quantitative study. The data revealed that violent online games had no significant influence on teenagers' moms, peers, or romantic connections, with the exception of their ties with their fathers. This demonstrates that in families affected by violent video games, the relationships between adolescents and their parents warrants further investigation and debate in order to attain healthier parent-child relationships through the examination of the mothers' relationship pattern. In addition, peer relationship and romantic relationship scores of adolescent violent game players revealed that social behavior in violent games does not influence the development of positive social interactions in the real world. In the study of gender differences, it was determined by comparing the overall differences in social relations between males and females with the differences in the violent game group that violent games are the primary factor that boosts males' enthusiasm for social relationships. Consequently, examining the online social behavior of male online violent gamers players could be a breakthrough in enhancing the social relationships of Chinese adolescents.