Gain Loss Research Articles

Revised Diagnosis From Histiocytic Neoplasm to Optic Chiasm Glioblastoma After Genetic Analysis.

A 46-year-old man presented with left eye blurring. Automated visual field testing showed an incongruous right hemianopia, with sparing of the lower temporal quadrant in the right eye. MRI revealed foci of gadolinium enhancement in the optic chiasm and optic tracts. Serologic testing (including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and neuromyelitis optica antibodies) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were negative. Whole-body PET/CT scan found no malignancy. Biopsy of the optic chiasm revealed a moderately cellular neoplasm composed of atypical, discohesive cells with enlarged nuclei, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains for CD68 and S100 were positive, whereas those for GFAP, OLIG2, SOX10, and multiple others were negative, supporting a diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasm. Five weeks later, results became available from next-generation sequencing targeting the coding regions of hundreds of malignancy-associated genes and select introns. Alterations associated with histiocytic neoplasms (i.e. BRAF and MAP2K1 mutations) were absent. However, there was a nonsense mutation in the PTEN gene, a hotspot mutation in the TERT gene promotor, and focal amplifications of the CDK4 and MDM2 genes. Additionally, there was chromosome 6q loss, 7 gain, and 10q loss. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was revised to glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. The patient began treatment with temozolomide while continuing radiation therapy. This case illustrates how next-generation sequencing can at times provide more accurate diagnostic information than standard tissue histopathology.

Activation of NF-κB signaling regulates ovariectomy-induced bone loss and weight gain

Postmenopausal women experience bone loss and weight gain. To date, crosstalk between estrogen receptor signals and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been reported, and estrogen depletion enhances bone resorption by osteoclasts via NF-κB activation. However, it is unclear when and in which tissues NF-κB is activated after menopause, and how NF-κB acts as a common signaling molecule for postmenopausal weight gain and bone loss. Therefore, we examined the role of NF-κB in bone and energy metabolism following menopause. NF-κB reporter mice, which can be used to measure NF-κB activation in vivo, were ovariectomized (OVX) and the luminescence intensity after OVX increased in the metaphyses of the long bones and perigonadal white adipose tissue, but not in the other tissues. OVX was performed on wild-type (WT) and p65 mutant knock-in (S534A) mice, whose mutation enhances the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Weight gain with worsening glucose tolerance was significant in S534A mice after OVX compared with those of WT mice. The bone density of the sham group in WT or S534A mice did not change, whereas in the S534A-OVX group it significantly decreased due to the suppression of bone formation and increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Disulfiram, an anti-alcoholic drug, suppressed OVX-induced activation of NF-κB in the metaphyses of long bones and white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as weight gain and bone loss. Overall, the activation of NF-κB in the metaphyses of long bones and WAT after OVX regulates post-OVX weight gain and bone loss.

Dual Features, Compact Dimensions and X-Band Applications for the Design and Fabrication of Annular Circular Ring-Based Crescent-Moon-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna.

This study uses annular circular rings to create multi-band applications using crescent-shaped patch antennas. It is designed to be made up of five circular, annular rings nested inside of each other. Three annular rings are positioned and merged on top of the larger rings, with two annular rings set along the bottom of the feed line. The factors that set them apart, such as bandwidths, radiation patterns, gain, impedance, and return loss (RL), are analysed. The outcomes show how compact the multi-band annular ring antenna is. The proposed circular annular ring antenna has return losses of -33 dB and operates at two frequencies: 3.1 GHz and 9.3 GHz. This design is modelled and simulated using ANSYS HFSS. The outcomes of the simulation and the tests agree quite well. The X band and WLAN resonant bands have bandwidth capacities of 500 and 4300 MHz, respectively. Additionally, the circular annular ring antenna design is advantageous for most services at these operating bands.

HGG-44. BRAINSTEM HIGH-GRADE ASTROCYTOMA WITH PILOID FEATURES (HGAP) WITH AN NTRK FUSION: A HISTOLOGICAL MIMICKER AND RARE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR

Abstract BACKGROUND HGAP is a recently defined rare glial neoplasm, whose classification requires pathognomonic epigenetic signatures. HGAP can arise anywhere within the central nervous system but most have been reported in the cerebellum (74%). Rarely seen in children, the diagnosis of HGAP can be challenging due to morphologic overlap with other glial neoplasms, especially pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). CASE We present an 11-year male with history of poor weight gain and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss detected on routine screening. Examination showed ataxia, with nystagmus on lateral gaze. MRI brain showed a solid/cystic, dorsally exophytic, cervicomedullary tumor with extension into the 4th ventricle, and hydrocephalus. The tumor showed heterogeneous enhancement with no restricted diffusion, nor intracranial or spinal metastases. Histologic sections from the biopsy suggested classic biphasic PA, with abundant Rosenthal fibers, vascular sclerosis, and no obvious mitoses. Ki67 index was low (<5%; hotspots up to 5-10%+). ATRX mostly retained, even within the most atypical nuclei. The histological impression was classic PA. Comprehensive molecular analysis with DNA methylation showed a high confidence match (0.9883) for HGAP. Paired exome sequencing revealed CDKN2A/2B biallelic loss, missense variant and copy number loss involving NF1, loss of function splice variant in ATRX with no germline alterations detected. Interestingly, fusion panel revealed a BCR::NTRK2 fusion. He received focal photon radiation (54Gy) and adjuvant therapy with Larotrectinib. He remains well with stable disease (EFS 7months). CONCLUSION A comprehensive 2023 review of literature revealed only 14 pediatric cases (range 4-18yo) out of 144 reported cases. Including our patient, 9 were male; 8 posterior fossa, 4 supratentorial, 1 spinal cord, and 2 of unknown location. Molecular analysis of the previously reported 14 pediatric cases showed only one case with a different NTRK fusion. We herein present a unique pediatric HGAP, with entirely classic biphasic and benign PA-like features, brainstem location, and targetable NTRK2 fusion.

The Influence and Compensation of Microwave Holographic Measurement Errors on Antenna Measurement Accuracy

Microwave holographic measurement technology is a common method used in antenna measurement. This method has high measurement efficiency and high precision. To evaluate and enhance the antenna’s performance, it is crucial to precisely determine the surface deformation. In this paper, the effects of feed offset error and scanning error on the antenna microwave holographic measurement results are investigated, and corresponding error compensation methods are proposed. The relationship between the influence of the error sources on the antenna gain loss and surface deformation accuracy is established. The reasons for holographic measurement errors, their characteristics, and their specific impact on system performance can be better understood. In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement, the compensation methods for the different measurement errors are given. They can provide the theoretical basis for maintaining and enhancing the performance of antenna system.

Insight into the molecular basis of the soluble storage-state to fibrous-state structural transformation of spider pyriform silk

Pyriform (or piriform) silk is a fibrous spider silk used in a composite material to attach web silks to substrates and disparate silk types together. Argiope argentata pyriform silk is formed from a protein with a central repetitive region consisting of a 234-amino acid unit (the "Py unit") repeated 21 times. We have previously shown that the Py unit behaves modularly, with a structured core of 6 α-helices that retains its structuring upon truncation of N- and C-terminal intrinsically disordered segments. Here, we apply solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate the structured core of the Py unit. Based on 15N spin relaxation measurements and reduced spectral density mapping at two field strengths, the α-helical core of the Py unit exhibits minimal backbone motion beyond the tumbling of the globular domain except for one interhelical linker that exhibits a notably higher degree of dynamics. Evaluation of rotational diffusion based on 15N spin relaxation and translational diffusion by pulsed field gradient diffusion NMR demonstrates that the core of the Py unit behaves as a compact structure, with hydrodynamic behaviour consistent with a well-packed protein. Pyriform silk protein undergoes a structural transformation upon conversion from the soluble-state to the fibrous-state, with a loss of αhelical content and gain of β-sheet content. The more dynamic segment we observe midway through the structured core of the Py core, especially in the context of the intrinsically disordered segments that flank the core, would provide an initiation point for decompaction, structural transformation, and/or intermolecular interactions.

Proximal Jejuno-Ileal Bypass as Revision of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Bariatric surgery is established as a possibility for the treatment of obesity, allowing weight reduction and remission of obesity comorbidities. Reported suboptimal clinical response rates are as high as 30-60% (insufficient weight loss or gain, defined as BMI greater than 35kg/m2 or excess weight loss less than 50%). Proximal jejuno-ileal bypass (PJIBP) is a promising option when re-intervention is required. To describe the standardization of a proprietary technique of modified PJIBP as a management procedure in patients with post-gastric bypass recurrent weight gain or insufficient post-intervention weight loss. This study evaluated a case series of 10 Latin American patients requiring post-bariatric re-intervention, between February 2018 and 2023, in a single-metabolic surgery center in Cali-Colombia. Median age was 45years (26-70 RIC), 60% female, and 40% male. Mean BMI at conversion was 36.7kg/m2 (6.4 SD). Median follow-up was 22months (RIC 16-30). Mean percentage of excess weight lost was 78% (22.4 SD). One hundred percent achieved glycemia control, only one patient persisted with dyslipidemia, and no patient presented hypoalbuminemia. At the end of follow-up, 100% received vitamin supplementation. PJIBP could be an effective procedure, associated with positive results in relation to weight loss and resolution of obesity comorbidities. Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins and protein malnutrition represent the main concern in the long term, so multidisciplinary management and continuous follow-up are required.

The Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Linear Gain and Nonlinear Loss: The Infinite Lattice with Nonzero Boundary Conditions and Its Finite-Dimensional Approximations

The Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Linear Gain and Nonlinear Loss: The Infinite Lattice with Nonzero Boundary Conditions and Its Finite-Dimensional Approximations

KLF4 in smooth muscle cell-derived progenitor cells is essential for angiotensin II-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.

Cardiac fibrosis is defined by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) material resulting in cardiac tissue scarring and dysfunction. While it is commonly accepted that myofibroblasts are the major contributors to ECM deposition in cardiac fibrosis, their origin remains debated. By combining lineage tracing and RNA sequencing, our group made the paradigm-shifting discovery that a subpopulation of resident vascular stem cells residing within the aortic, carotid artery, and femoral aartery adventitia (termed AdvSca1-SM cells) originate from mature vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through an in situ reprogramming process. SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM cell maintenance is dependent on induction and activity of the transcription factor, KLF4. However, the molecular mechanism whereby KLF4 regulates AdvSca1-SM phenotype remains unclear. In the current study, leveraging a highly specific AdvSca1-SM cell reporter system, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate the profibrotic differentiation trajectory of coronary artery-associated AdvSca1-SM cells in the setting of Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced cardiac fibrosis. Differentiation was characterized by loss of stemness-related genes, including Klf4 , but gain of expression of a profibrotic phenotype. Importantly, these changes were recapitulated in human cardiac hypertrophic tissue, supporting the translational significance of profibrotic transition of AdvSca1-SM-like cells in human cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly and paradoxically, AdvSca1-SM-specific genetic knockout of Klf4 prior to AngII treatment protected against cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, indicating that Klf4 is essential for the profibrotic response of AdvSca1-SM cells. Overall, our data reveal the contribution of AdvSca1-SM cells to myofibroblasts in the setting of AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis. KLF4 not only maintains the stemness of AdvSca1-SM cells, but also orchestrates their response to profibrotic stimuli, and may serve as a therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis.

Comparative genomics of the closely related fungal genera Cryptococcus and Kwoniella reveals karyotype dynamics and suggests evolutionary mechanisms of pathogenesis.

In exploring the evolutionary trajectories of both pathogenesis and karyotype dynamics in fungi, we conducted a large-scale comparative genomic analysis spanning the Cryptococcus genus, encompassing both global human fungal pathogens and nonpathogenic species, and related species from the sister genus Kwoniella. Chromosome-level genome assemblies were generated for multiple species, covering virtually all known diversity within these genera. Although Cryptococcus and Kwoniella have comparable genome sizes (about 19.2 and 22.9 Mb) and similar gene content, hinting at preadaptive pathogenic potential, our analysis found evidence of gene gain (via horizontal gene transfer) and gene loss in pathogenic Cryptococcus species, which might represent evolutionary signatures of pathogenic development. Genome analysis also revealed a significant variation in chromosome number and structure between the 2 genera. By combining synteny analysis and experimental centromere validation, we found that most Cryptococcus species have 14 chromosomes, whereas most Kwoniella species have fewer (11, 8, 5, or even as few as 3). Reduced chromosome number in Kwoniella is associated with formation of giant chromosomes (up to 18 Mb) through repeated chromosome fusion events, each marked by a pericentric inversion and centromere loss. While similar chromosome inversion-fusion patterns were observed in all Kwoniella species with fewer than 14 chromosomes, no such pattern was detected in Cryptococcus. Instead, Cryptococcus species with less than 14 chromosomes showed reductions primarily through rearrangements associated with the loss of repeat-rich centromeres. Additionally, Cryptococcus genomes exhibited frequent interchromosomal translocations, including intercentromeric recombination facilitated by transposons shared between centromeres. Overall, our findings advance our understanding of genetic changes possibly associated with pathogenicity in Cryptococcus and provide a foundation to elucidate mechanisms of centromere loss and chromosome fusion driving distinct karyotypes in closely related fungal species, including prominent global human pathogens.

Achievable secrecy rate analysis of OFDM‐based multi‐user untrusted relay networks with imperfect CSI

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI), caused by channel estimation errors and feedback delays, on the physical‐layer security performance of multi‐user relay networks. More specifically, a multi‐user untrusted half/full‐duplex (HD/FD) uni/bi‐directional wireless amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay network is studied, adopting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In order to minimize the information leakage, it is considered that a limited number of friendly jammers affect the untrusted relay. In this context, the achievable secrecy rate of the relay network is theoretically analyzed and optimization problems are formulated and solved for the untrusted relay's location and power allocation. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings, revealing that channel estimation errors cause coding gain losses for low signal‐to noise ratio (SNR) while their impact becomes negligible for high SNR. Also, a large number of user‐pairs achieves higher secrecy rate while FD relaying further improves the secrecy performance. Finally, bi‐directional relaying provides higher achievable secrecy rate over uni‐directional relaying.

Effect of Panel Misalignment Error Distribution on the Radiation Pattern of Leighton Chajnantor Telescope’s Antenna

The Leighton dish formerly at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory will be reassembled to become the Leighton Chajnantor Telescope (LCT). It will be required to demonstrate high surface accuracy and controlled radiation patterns at high frequency, which are largely limited by surface error due to panel misalignment on the primary reflector. Not only the surface rms error but also the error distribution has effect on the radiation pattern of the antenna. Therefore, analyzing the effect of error distributions resulting from various panel misalignments on the radiation pattern of the antenna will facilitate better compensation of surface errors during the reassembly process. To acquire the radiation pattern of LCT’s antenna with panel misalignments, we first propose a simulation method based on physical optics and the physical theory of diffraction, which offers precise results but is time-consuming, especially at high frequencies. Then, we propose a rapid computation method that combines the method of calculating the optical path difference (OPD), the OPD fitting method, and the aperture integration method for segmented reflectors. Experimental results demonstrate that the rapid computation method is highly efficient and accurate compared to the simulation method. In order to show the effect of error distributions due to two typical panel misalignments (i.e., piston and tip-tilt) on radiation patterns, experiments are conducted using the two proposed methods for various error distributions. These experiments indicate that for the same surface rms error, smaller panel errors at smaller normalized aperture radii are more conducive to achieving improved characteristics of the radiation patterns, such as reduced peak gain losses and lower sidelobe levels. Additionally, comparison experiments also reveal that variations in piston error have a greater impact on the radiation patterns than variations in tip-tilt error under the same surface rms error.

Gain-driven synchronization and asymmetric bound states in the continuum within non-Hermitian circuit model

The gain-driven emission in gain–loss coupling systems attains significant interest. In this work, we study the monochromatic oscillation of a gain–loss coupling system through a circuit model, where the monochromacy is manifested as the gain-driven synchronization of two coupled oscillators. The synchronized oscillation in this model is theoretically studied and experimentally manifested. Benefiting from the conceptual simplicity of a circuit model, a pair of asymmetric long-living states is found among the unstable gain-driven monochromatic oscillations, corresponding to bound states in the continuum of coupling physics.

A Compact MIMO Antenna Based on Modal Analysis for 5G Wireless Applications.

This article presents a planar, non-angular, series-fed, dual-element dipole array MIMO antenna operating at 28 GHz with the metasurface-based isolation improvement technique. The initial design is a single-element antenna with a dual dipole array which is series-fed. These dipole elements are non-uniform in shape and distance. This dipole antenna results in end-fire radiation. The dipole antenna excites the J1 mode for its operation. Further, with the view to improve channel capacity, the dipole array expands the antenna to a three-element MIMO antenna. In the MIMO antenna structure, the sum of the J1, J2, and J3 modes is excited, causing resonance at 28 GHz. This article also proposes a metasurface structure with wide stopband characteristics at 28 GHz for isolation improvement. The metasurface is composed of rectangle-shaped structures. The defected ground and metasurface structure combination suppresses the surface wave coupling among the MIMO elements. The proposed antenna results in a bandwidth ranging from 26.7 to 29.6 GHz with isolation improvement greater than 21 dB and a gain of 6.3 dBi. The antenna is validated with the diversity parameters of envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity loss.

Shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of root-nodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants

Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a complex trait that enables plants to access atmospheric nitrogen converted into usable forms through a mutualistic relationship with soil bacteria. Pinpointing the evolutionary origins of RNS is critical for understanding its genetic basis, but building this evolutionary context is complicated by data limitations and the intermittent presence of RNS in a single clade of ca. 30,000 species of flowering plants, i.e., the nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC). We developed the most extensive de novo phylogeny for the NFC and an RNS trait database to reconstruct the evolution of RNS. Our analysis identifies evolutionary rate heterogeneity associated with a two-step process: An ancestral precursor state transitioned to a more labile state from which RNS was rapidly gained at multiple points in the NFC. We illustrate how a two-step process could explain multiple independent gains and losses of RNS, contrary to recent hypotheses suggesting one gain and numerous losses, and suggest a broader phylogenetic and genetic scope may be required for genome-phenome mapping.

Optimizing inset-fed rectangular micro strip patch antenna by improved particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing

ABSTRACT The recent wireless communication systems require high gain, lightweight, low profile, and simple antenna structures to ensure high efficiency and reliability. The existing microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design approaches attain low gain and high return loss. To solve this issue, the geometric dimensions of the antenna should be optimized. The improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm which is the combination of PSO and simulated annealing (SA) approach (PSO-SA) is employed in this paper to optimize the width and length of the inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antennas for Ku-band and C-band applications. The inputs to the proposed algorithm such as substrate height, dielectric constant, and resonant frequency and outputs are optimized for width and height. The return loss and gain of the antenna are considered for the fitness function. To calculate the fitness value, the Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) is employed in the PSO-SA approach. The design and optimization of the proposed MPA are implemented in MATLAB software. The performance of the optimally designed antenna with the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of the radiation pattern, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, computation time, directivity, and convergence speed.

Highly controllable stabilization and switching of multiple colliding soliton sequences with generic Ginzburg–Landau gain–loss

We investigate propagation of J soliton sequences in a nonlinear optical waveguide array with generic weak Ginzburg–Landau (GL) gain–loss and nearest-neighbor (NN) interaction. The propagation is described by a system of J perturbed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. The NN interaction property leads to the elimination of collisional three-pulse interaction effects, which prevented the observation of stable multisequence soliton propagation with J>2 sequences in the presence of generic GL gain–loss in all previous studies. We show that the dynamics of soliton amplitudes can be described by a generalized J-dimensional Lotka–Volterra (LV) model. Stability and bifurcation analysis for the equilibrium points of the LV model, which is augmented by an application of the Lyapunov function method, is used to develop setups that lead to robust and scalable transmission stabilization and switching for a general J value. The predictions of the LV model are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations with the perturbed coupled-NLS model with J=3, 4, and 5 soliton sequences. Furthermore, soliton stability and the agreement between the LV model’s predictions and the simulations are not reduced with increasing value of J. Therefore, our study provides the first demonstration of robust control of multiple colliding sequences of NLS solitons in the presence of generic weak GL gain–loss with an arbitrary number of sequences. Due to the robustness and scalability of the results, they can have important applications in stabilization and switching of broadband soliton-based optical waveguide transmission.

#1665 Mechanisms underlying long-term weight changes and their impact on all-cause mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients

Abstract Background and Aims Observational studies have demonstrated a significant association between long-term weight loss and weight gain and an increased risk of mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients. However, underlying mechanisms of these associations remain insufficiently explored. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an in-depth analysis using a cohort of hemodialysis patients, benefiting from comprehensive baseline data, regular six-month evaluations, and an extended follow-up period. We employed advanced statistical techniques, including Lasso regression, to construct predictive models for long-term weight loss and gain. Furthermore, we conducted mediation analyses to elucidate whether weight change mediates the impact of major risk factors on all-cause mortality. Method This post-hoc analysis utilized data from participants in a previous randomized controlled trial conducted between 2006 and 2011, named as the Olmesartan clinical trial in Okinawan patients under the OKIDS (OCTOPUS) study. Subsequently, we tracked participants' mortality outcomes until July 2018. At the time of enrollment, we collected comprehensive baseline information, encompassing demographics, medical history, and laboratory data. Throughout the trial, participants' body weights were meticulously recorded every six months. Our analysis was restricted to patients who survived for at least two years post-enrollment, ensuring a minimum of five body weight measurements during the trial. Lasso regression was employed in training datasets (comprising 60% of participants) to identify crucial risk factors associated with long-term weight gain (>1 kg per year) or weight loss (<−1 kg per year) among chronic hemodialysis patients. These selected models were subsequently applied to paired validation datasets (comprising 40% of participants), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), aiding in the identification of key risk factors for long-term weight changes. Subsequently, we conducted mediation analyses to investigate whether weight change mediated the relationship between risk factors and all-cause mortality. Results Our analysis included 404 out of 461 OCTOPUS participants, with 60.9% being male, a mean age of 59.2 years (±11.7), and a mortality rate of 41.6%. The median follow-up period extended to 10.3 years. In the training datasets, Lasso models identified critical predictors for weight increase, including a history of diabetes, younger age, normal cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) (<50% for males and <53% for females), and BMI <20. Conversely, predictors for weight decrease included BMI ≥20, serum sodium <135 mEq/L, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, and older age. Weight increase demonstrated higher predictability (mean AUC of 0.59) compared to weight decrease (mean AUC of 0.55) in the validation datasets. Mediation analyses revealed that weight loss mediated 30% of the impact of older age (≥70 years old) on all-cause mortality (P = 0.068). Conclusion Our findings suggest that, among chronic hemodialysis patients, long-term weight increase is associated with a history of diabetes and younger age, while long-term weight loss is linked to BMI (≥20), hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and older age. Notably, long-term weight loss appears to explain 30% of the increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with older age (≥70 years old).

Dielectric resonator antenna with graphene layer and NMP structure for THz applications

Antennas with high performance and technological materials are relevant for several application on THz band. In this work, we investigate the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with non-resonant microstrip patch (NMP) feed combined with a thin layer of graphene on the top of the Dielectric Resonator (DR) designed for 3.30 THz. The NMP structure provides high order HEM12δ mode with great advantages in gain values and radiation efficiency. The graphene layer associated with the NMP structure provided improvements in gain and return loss, as well as, tuning characteristics by changing the chemical potential. The antenna was simulated in Ansys HFSS, and the results obtained with NMP radius of 12.7 μm are S11=−37.98 and 7.9dB gain. Besides, the bandwidth increased 6.6% to 20%. These results corroborate the effectiveness and enhancement of the antenna parameters providing a great alternative for Terahertz band applications.

Effect of Resistance Training with Gym Machines On Muscle Strength and Body Mass Index in Obese Women Student College

Several countries have high obesity rates. Obesity poses serious health risks that require effective treatment. Too much fat reduces muscle strength, affecting obesity. Resistance training can overcome weight gain and muscle loss. Resistance training with gym machines for obese women is understudied. The effects of gym machine resistance training on muscle strength and BMI can help physical trainers design appropriate exercise programs. This study examines how gym-machine resistance training affects muscle strength and BMI in obese women. One pre- and post-test group included 30 obese 17-25-year-old women. Resistance training uses gym machines to target major muscle groups and lose fat. Prisoners are trained three times a week for ten weeks under supervision. Resistance exercises include lati pulldown, abdominal crunch, cable curl, chest press, and leg press. The one-repetition maximum (1RM) test measures muscle strength, while height and weight calculate BMI. Paired difference test (paired sample t-test) effect was then tested. Ten weeks of resistance training led to significant muscle strength gains across all measures (p < 0.05). Moreover, the resistance training group demonstrated a significant BMI reduction (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that gym-machine resistance training can help obese women lose weight and gain muscle. Resistance training on gym machines can help obese women lose weight and build muscle. This study suggests systematic resistance training can improve muscle fitness and weight control in this population. Long-term health and well-being effects of these therapies can be examined. Keywords: Resistance Training, Obesity, Women, Muscle Strength, BMI.