Political considerations are becoming increasingly important in ensuring sustainable growth. This research has studied the roles of renewable energy consumption, energy efficiency, government effectiveness, and environmental regulation in fostering green economic growth in the G7 countries from 2000 to 2021. Using a Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) model, we employ three robust estimation techniques, Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Driscoll-Kraay Standard Errors (DKSE) to address challenges related to cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity. The major results confirm that, in the long run, increases in renewable energy use, improvements in energy efficiency, institutional effectiveness, and stringent environmental regulation significantly promote green economic growth. In contrast, short-run dynamics reveal transitional disruptions, particularly from renewable energy integration, efficiency restructuring, and regulatory compliance, that temporarily dampen output before convergence to equilibrium. Furthermore, country-specific AMG estimations reveal both convergence and divergence in policy impacts, underscoring the importance of national contexts in shaping green transition outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of cohesive, forward-looking policy frameworks that align economic and environmental priorities. By strategically integrating governance quality, targeted investment, and regulatory innovation, advanced economies can navigate transitional challenges while steering toward long-term green growth. Such integrated strategies are essential not only for mitigating adjustment costs but also for sustaining inclusive, resilient, and low-carbon development trajectories. • Renewable energy consumption and energy efficiency significantly promote green economic growth. • Government effectiveness and stringent environmental regulation strongly enhance sustainability outcomes. • Panel ARDL results confirm stable long-run cointegration among institutional and energy variables. • Short-run disruptions from energy transitions converge toward long-run environmental and economic gains. • Country-specific AMG estimates reveal heterogeneous policy impacts across G7 economies.

Unequal patterns of tuberculosis in women of reproductive age: Insights from the Global burden of disease study 2021.

Cross-market geopolitical risk spillover: Evidence from energy companies in G20 countries

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. This study analyzed and compared breast cancer patterns in China and the Group of 20 (G20) countries and predicted future trends. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, the authors examined incidence, mortality, mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and average annual percent change. Joinpoint regression was used to identify trend changes. Social demographics index associations were examined. Autoregressive integrated moving average was used to forecast trends to 2040. Between 1990 and 2021, breast cancer incidence in China increased by over 360%, with ASIR rising from 9.42 to 23.65 per 100,000, significantly higher than the G20 average (from 24.85 to 29.45). The most pronounced ASIR increases were observed among men 15-49 years old. Although G20 countries reduced their ASMR from 9.57 to 8.14 per 100,000, China's ASMR increased slightly from 4.71 to 5.04 per 100,000. The MIR declined in both China and G20, especially in females 15-69 years old. Projections suggest continued ASIR growth in China, especially among those 50-69 years old, whereas ASMR is expected to stabilize or decline by 2040. Breast cancer incidence and mortality are increasing more rapidly in China than in G20 countries, driven by reproductive, lifestyle, and environmental factors. These trends highlight the urgent need for enhanced prevention, targeted screening-particularly for women 50-69 years old-and strengthened international collaboration to mitigate the growing disease burden.

Trends and projections of the melanoma burden in G20 countries: A comprehensive analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2023.

This study aimed to systematically compare and analyze the trends in cervical cancer disease burden between China and G20 countries from 1990 to 2023 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 database and project the trajectory through 2035, thereby providing scientific evidence for optimizing cervical cancer prevention and control strategies. Data were sourced from the GBD 2023 database. Age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of cervical cancer among females in China and G20 countries were selected as study indicators. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess temporal trends in disease burden; decomposition analysis was employed to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes; frontier analysis was conducted based on the socio-demographic index (SDI); and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project mortality in 2035. From 1990 to 2023, the age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer in China declined from 17.32 per 100,000 to 12.06 per 100,000 (EAPC: −1.04), with a 52.4% reduction in mortality rate, significantly outperforming the 31.8% reduction observed in G20 countries. China’s DALYs rate decreased from 294.14 per 100,000 to 133.06 per 100,000 (EAPC: −2.43). Substantial heterogeneity was observed among G20 member states, with South Africa recording the highest incidence rate (47.54 per 100,000) and Italy exhibiting an anomalous increase in mortality. Both China and G20 countries showed peak cervical cancer burden in the 50 to 54 age group. Decomposition analysis revealed that epidemiological improvements in China (−128.58%) successfully offset the combined effects of aging (+91.35%) and population growth (+137.22%), whereas G20 countries achieved only partial counterbalancing. Frontier analysis indicated that China’s actual DALYs rate approached the theoretical optimum corresponding to its SDI level. Projections suggest that cervical cancer deaths in China will decline by 40.9% from 2023 to 2035, compared to only 7.9% in G20 countries. China has achieved remarkable progress in cervical cancer prevention and control, with epidemiological improvements effectively offsetting the adverse impacts of demographic factors. Nevertheless, continued efforts to strengthen human papillomavirus vaccination and screening coverage remain essential to achieve the strategic goal of cervical cancer elimination.

P85. Structural heart disease burden and trends in working-age adults across G20 countries, 1990–2021: a GBD 2021 analysis with risk prioritization

The Burden and Risk Factors of Head and Neck Cancers in G20 Countries, 1990-2023.

Aim : This study assessed the effects of pharmacy automation on dispensing efficiency, medication safety, and user satisfaction in hospital pharmacies across G20 countries. Methods : A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect identified studies evaluating dispensing-related automation in hospital settings. Eligible studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic. Results : Twenty-three studies were included, representing hospital pharmacy settings across 10 G20 countries: Saudi Arabia, Australia, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Japan, Germany, Brazil, and Canada. Automation significantly reduced medication administration time (SMD –4.35; p = 0.01) and dispensing-related medication error rates (SMD –3.89; p < 0.00001). Improvements were also observed in perceived dispensing efficiency (SMD 0.60; p = 0.04) and perceived patient safety. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in dispensing time or patient time within the dispensing system. User satisfaction was consistently higher following automation implementation. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across outcomes. Conclusion : Pharmacy automation in hospital settings is associated with improved dispensing efficiency, reduced medication errors, and increased user satisfaction, supporting its adoption despite variability across studies.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in high-emitting G20 member countries by examining the roles of manufacturing, trade openness, and urban population. The study employs secondary data obtained from the World Bank covering the period 2004–2023 and applies a panel data approach. CO₂ emissions per capita are used as the dependent variable, while trade openness (TO), urban population (URB), and manufacturing (MNF) are included as independent variables. The analytical method utilized is panel data regression with estimations based on the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). Model selection is conducted using the Chow test and the Hausman test. The estimation results indicate that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate specification. Partially, the findings demonstrate that trade openness has a positive and significant effect on CO₂ emissions, suggesting that increased international trade intensity tends to raise emissions through the expansion of production scale and distribution/logistics activities. In addition, the urban population exerts a positive and significant impact on CO₂ emissions, indicating that rising urbanization drives higher energy demand, mobility, and infrastructure needs. The manufacturing variable also shows a positive effect on emissions and remains relevant in explaining emission increases among high-emitting countries. Overall, these findings confirm that economic openness and urban growth are key drivers of CO₂ emissions in high-emitting G20 countries, highlighting the need for policies that support low-carbon industrial transformation, energy efficiency, and sustainable urban development.

In the context of intensifying deglobalization processes in the world, the task of strengthening the financial sovereignty of the state comes to the fore. A key factor determining its level is budgetary sustainability, reflecting the capacity of public finances to withstand external shocks and maintain functionality over the long term. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the budgetary system in ensuring a country’s financial sovereignty through the analysis of its vulnerabilities and resilience factors. The paper proposes an original approach to interpreting financial sovereignty as the ability of the state to shape tax, budgetary and debt policies in accordance with national interests while minimizing dependence on external constraints. The methodological framework includes a structural analysis of revenues, expenditures, and public debt, as well as the use of proxy indicators to assess the degree of autonomy of public finances. Using developed and developing G20 countries as examples, the study provides a comparative analysis of their tax, budgetary, and debt aspects of financial sovereignty, identifying channels of vulnerability and sources of budgetary sustainability. The results of the integral assessment show that developed countries demonstrate higher levels of financial sovereignty due to a diversified tax base, greater expenditure flexibility and low dependence on external debt, however their potential for further strengthening is limited. Developing countries, despite significant risks, retain opportunities to enhance financial sovereignty through revenue diversification, expanded fiscal space and the development of domestic capital markets. The findings confirm that a combination of short-term budgetary flexibility and long-term balance is a necessary condition for strengthening financial sovereignty.

ABSTRACT This study examines the direct, indirect, and total effects of climate change mitigation technologies from developed countries – transferred via foreign direct investment (FDI) – on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries. Using the G7 countries as sources of green technology spillovers and analyzing a panel of 64 developing countries from 2009 to 2019, we find that, for our full sample, FDI-related spillovers of climate change mitigation technologies have a direct negative effect on GHG emissions in developing countries and an indirect positive effect through GDP growth. The magnitude of these effects depends on the share of FDI from G7 countries in a developing country's GDP. At low FDI shares, the total effect is positive but statistically insignificant, whereas at high FDI shares it becomes significantly negative. Our results suggest that FDI-related spillovers of climate change mitigation technologies offer a promising pathway to reconciling economic growth with climate protection.

ABSTRACT Understanding what drives domestic credit (DC) has become increasingly important as G20 economies confront rising financial demands, technological transitions, and global uncertainty. This study explores the structural and institutional determinants of domestic credit to the private sector across 18 G20 countries from 2010 to 2023, using annual data on regulatory quality, innovation, energy intensity, and foreign direct investment (FDI). Employing a rigorous panel econometric framework including IPS unit‐root tests, Pesaran CD diagnostics, Pedroni cointegration, panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation, and Driscoll–Kraay robustness, the analysis uncovers a strong and stable long‐run relationship between DC and its macro‐institutional drivers. The results reveal that stronger regulatory quality and higher FDI inflows significantly expand credit availability, while greater investment in innovation further reinforces financial deepening. Conversely, high energy intensity emerges as a structural barrier that weakens credit growth by eroding economic efficiency. These findings highlight that credit development reflects underlying institutional strength, technological progress, and structural efficiency, which indirectly support a Sustainable Development pathway. The study provides new evidence from a decade of post‐crisis and post‐pandemic transitions and offers fresh policy insights for building resilient, innovation‐driven, and financially inclusive economies.

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/AFL) are major contributors to the cardiovascular disease burden in G20 countries. However, comprehensive assessments of smoking-attributable AF/AFL burden across the G20 remain limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in the AF/AFL burden attributable to smoking in G20 countries from 1990 to 2021 and to project future trends through 2050. This secondary analysis used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Smoking-attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) for AF/AFL were extracted for G20 countries between 1990 and 2021. Trends were analyzed by age, sex, and country, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing (ES) models were applied to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2050. In 2021, smoking-attributable AF/AFL accounted for 321761.89 DALYs (95% UI: 187788.89-476327.05) in the G20. Overall age-standardized rates remained relatively stable from 1990 to 2021. Japan showed a declining trend, whereas Saudi Arabia and Indonesia exhibited increasing burdens. Males consistently experienced higher burdens than females, and the highest absolute burden occurred in individuals aged 65-89 years. Projections indicate that from 2022 to 2050, absolute numbers of deaths, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs attributable to smoking-related AF/AFL will continue to rise, particularly among males, despite stable or slightly declining age-standardized rates. Although age-standardized smoking-attributable AF/AFL rates in G20 countries have remained largely stable, absolute burdens are expected to increase substantially due to population growth and ageing. Pronounced sex- and country-level heterogeneity highlights the need for sustained and targeted tobacco control and cardiovascular prevention strategies.

G20 Country Burden of High BMI-Related Liver Cancer: Trends from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050.

ABSTRACT Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are increasingly embedded in firms’ investment decisions, and the uncertainties surrounding them have significant consequences. This research examines the persistence of ESG-related uncertainties and their spillover across the G7 countries, which, to our best knowledge, is one of the first empirical analyses in the literature. To achieve these objectives, we first use the ESG-related uncertainty index (ESGUI), which is calculated from the frequency of ESG-related keywords in reports from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Second, we assess the persistence of ESG-related uncertainty by estimating an augmented Dickey-Fuller regression model using nonparametric reflection and indirect inference estimators. Third, we apply the VAR method within a network topology to evaluate cross-country spillovers of uncertainties. Our findings show that (i) G7 ESGUIs exhibit long-memory properties over recent years, but (ii) spillovers of these uncertainties have declined, suggesting countries should prioritize domestic policies over international instabilities.

Aims: This study aimed to compare endodontist-related Google Trends™ (GT) search volumes between selected G7 (United States, Canada, United Kingdom) and E7 (Turkiye, Brazil, India) countries from 2015 to 2025, and to evaluate the relationship between search interest and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Methods: GT search indices for the terms “endodontist” and their equivalents in each country’s native language were retrieved for the period 2015–2025. Monthly search values were standardized by population and expressed as “search index per 10 million population.” Annual GDP per capita and national population data were obtained from publicly available international databases. Statistical analyses included t-tests for group comparisons, one-way ANOVA with post-hoc testing for country-level differences, and Pearson correlation analysis for the association between search index and GDP per capita. A significance level of α=0.05 was adopted.Results: G7 countries demonstrated significantly higher standardized search volumes compared with E7 countries (mean difference: 10.82; p

IMPACT This article examines how the development of e-government (EGDI), open data, and citizen participation (EPI) jointly influence the G20 countries in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). EGDI is shown to have a positive influence on progress towards delivering the SDGs. Data openness and EPI further strengthen this effect. The strongest impact emerges under conditions of simultaneous implementation. The findings offer actionable insights for public sector accountants, auditors, policy-makers, and digital government strategists concerned with digital reform and sustainable development.

Purpose The present study aims to examine the impact of the collapse of one of the major cryptocurrency ecosystems, the Terra-LUNA crash, on the financial markets worldwide. To fully comprehend the impact of the crash, the study separately examines the response of equity markets, the cryptocurrency market (including stablecoins), fiat currencies, precious metals and the energy market. Design/methodology/approach Using the daily closing prices of equity markets (G7 countries), cryptocurrencies, fiat currencies, precious metals and energy market commodities extracted from www.investing.com, the authors employed the market model of event study methodology. Findings We found a long-lasting negative impact of the event on the overall cryptocurrency market, as reflected by a substantial −14.272% cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) during the (−4, +10) event window. However, stablecoins remained relatively stable with insignificant abnormal returns. In addition, equity markets initially experienced negative average abnormal return (ARR) on the event day, but they swiftly rebounded. Notably, the positive reactions observed in the fiat money market suggest potential opportunities and strategies amid market disruptions. The precious metal market and energy market remained relatively unaffected. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to quantify the impact of the Terra-LUNA crash on different financial markets using event study methodology. The findings contribute to discussions about financial stability and regulatory frameworks, with implications for policymakers and market participants.

Our research addresses the increasing concern of interdependency in the global financial markets, especially the stock market of G20 nations (Australia, Argentina, China, France, Japan, and the USA) and the WTI (West Texas Intermediate) oil market between January 2017 and September 2025. The dynamic connectedness approach and quantile VAR are a strong check as we use them to determine the spillover effect in various market conditions. We find that the spillover effect in bullish and bearish market conditions is strong with the Total Connectedness Index (TCI) of 71.98% and 70.25%, respectively. In the normal case, the highest connectedness effect is achieved at tau=0.5, and this result is consistent with the dynamic TCI of 39.12%. Based on the varying market conditions, USA, Australia, and France are strong net transmitters, but WTI is a net receiver in a bullish and bearish market situation, then Argentina, China and Japan, respectively depending on the return spillover effects. The USA, France, and Australia can strengthen their leading position as a net transmitter in the volatility spillover. Japan is a net transmitter in bearish market conditions only in the volatility series, and it is a net transmitter in bullish market conditions only in the return series. This became particularly clear during the global epidemic, the war between Russia and Ukraine, and the ongoing tariff war. In general, our study points to the increased role of the USA stock market in world markets concerning WTI. These findings can be used by investors and policymakers to maximize returns and ensure market stability.