Future Work Research Articles

Emergency medicine residency pathways for MD/PhD trainees: A national cross-sectional study of physician-scientist training programs.

Combined clinical and research training is common in residency programs outside emergency medicine (EM), and these pathways are particularly valuable for combined MD/PhD graduates planning to pursue a career as a physician-scientist. However, EM departments may not know what resources to provide these trainees during residency to create research-focused, productive, future faculty, and trainees may not know which programs support their goal of becoming a physician-scientist in EM. The objective of this study was to describe research training and resources available to MD/PhD graduates in EM residency training with a focus on dedicated research pathways. This study was a cross-sectional inventory conducted through an electronic survey of EM residency program directors. We sought to identify dedicated MD/PhD research training pathways, with a focus on both resources and training priorities. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey responses. We collected 192 survey responses (69.6% response rate). Among respondents, 41 programs (21.4%) offered a research pathway/track, 52 (27.4%) offered a research fellowship, 22 (11.5%) offered both a residency research pathway/track and a research fellowship, and two (1.0%) offered a dedicated EM physician-scientist training pathway. Most programs considered research a priority and were enthusiastic about interviewing applicants planning a research career, but recruitment of physician-scientist applicants was not generally prioritized. Some EM residency programs offer combined clinical and mentored research training for prospective physician-scientists, and nearly all residency programs considered research important. Future work will focus on improving the EM physician-scientist pipeline by optimizing pathways available to trainees during residency and fellowship.

Forecasting of technology innovation and economic growth in Indonesia

This article explored the scenarios of future technology innovation and economic growth. The feedback economics' perspective was applied in forecasting future technology innovation and economic growth. The system dynamics modelling of economic growth by incorporating technology innovation revealed that: i. General Purpose Technologies (GPTs) investment should be linked with industrial policy as a leverage point; ii. The post-COVID-19 industrial policy should diffuse GPTs for inclusive growth and sustainable development, it is different with the Indonesian pre-COVID-19's industrial policy, specifically before the 1997 economic crisis; iii. Rethinking the Indonesian industrial policy is to rejuvenate the existing industrial-based GPTs' complex, and the inter-ministerial policy coordination is a challenge to implement the industrial-based GPTs policy instrument. Putting the GPTs' innovation into practice by using industrial policy for future economic growth sustainability is the unique insight on reindustrialization. The scientific contributions of this study were: i. on theoretical basis, the framework and model enriched the feedback economics' view of Cavana et al. and; ii. on innovation economics' studies, the framework and model support the concepts of Lundvall. Finally, future work from this study is designing different feedback structure that could generate different results.

Are Quality Scores in the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services Merit-based Incentive Payment System Associated With Outcomes After Outpatient Orthopaedic Surgery?

The Medicare Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) ties reimbursement incentives to clinician performance to improve healthcare quality. It is unclear whether the MIPS quality score can accurately distinguish between high-performing and low-performing clinicians. (1) What were the rates of unplanned hospital visits (emergency department visits, observation stays, or unplanned admissions) within 7, 30, and 90 days of outpatient orthopaedic surgery among Medicare beneficiaries? (2) Was there any association of MIPS quality scores with the risk of an unplanned hospital visit (emergency department visits, observation stays, or unplanned admissions)? Between January 2018 and December 2019, a total of 605,946 outpatient orthopaedic surgeries were performed in New York State according to the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. Of those, 56,772 patients were identified as Medicare beneficiaries and were therefore potentially eligible. A further 34% (19,037) were excluded because of missing surgeon identifier, age younger than 65 years, residency outside New York State, emergency department visit on the same day as outpatient surgery, observation stay on the same claim as outpatient surgery, and concomitant high-risk or eye procedures, leaving 37,735 patients for analysis. The database does not include a list of all state residents and thus does not allow for censoring of patients who move out of state. We chose this dataset because it includes nearly all hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers in a large geographic area (New York State) and hence is not limited by sampling bias. We included 37,735 outpatient orthopaedic surgical encounters among Medicare beneficiaries in New York State from 2018 to 2019. For the 37,735 outpatient orthopaedic surgical procedures included in our study, the mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 73 ± 7 years, 84% (31,550) were White, and 59% (22,071) were women. Our key independent variable was the MIPS quality score percentile (0 to 19th, 20th to 39th, 40th to 59th, or 60th to 100th) for orthopaedic surgeons. Clinicians in the MIPS program may receive a bonus or penalty based on the overall MIPS score, which ranges from 0 to 100 and is a weighted score based on four subscores: quality, promoting interoperability, improvement activities, and cost. The MIPS quality score, which attempts to reward clinicians providing superior quality of care, accounted for 50% and 45% of the overall MIPS score in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Our main outcome measures were 7-day, 30-day, and 90-day unplanned hospital visits after outpatient orthopaedic surgery. To determine the association between MIPS quality scores and unplanned hospital visits, we estimated multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models controlling for MIPS quality scores; patient-level (age, race and ethnicity, gender, and comorbidities), facility-level (such as bed size and teaching status), surgery and surgeon-level (such as surgical procedure and surgeon volume) covariates; and facility-level random effects. We then used these models to estimate the adjusted rates of unplanned hospital visits across MIPS quality score percentiles after adjusting for covariates in the multivariable models. In total, 2% (606 of 37,735), 2% (783 of 37,735), and 3% (1013 of 37,735) of encounters had an unplanned hospital visit within 7, 30, or 90 days of outpatient orthopaedic surgery, respectively. Most hospital visits within 7 days (95% [576 of 606]), 30 days (94% [733 of 783]), or 90 days (91% [924 of 1013]) were because of emergency department visits. We found very small differences in unplanned hospital visits by MIPS quality scores, with the 20th to 39th percentile of MIPS quality scores having 0.71% points (95% CI -1.19% to -0.22%; p = 0.004), 0.68% points (95% CI -1.26% to -0.11%; p = 0.02), and 0.75% points (95% CI -1.42% to -0.08%; p = 0.03) lower than the 0 to 19th percentile at 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively. There was no difference in adjusted rates of unplanned hospital visits between patients undergoing surgery with a surgeon in the 0 to 19th, 40th to 59th, or 60th to 100th percentiles at 7, 30, or 90 days. We found that the rates of unplanned hospital visits after outpatient orthopaedic surgery among Medicare beneficiaries were low and primarily driven by emergency department visits. We additionally found only a small association between MIPS quality scores for individual physicians and the risk of an unplanned hospital visit after outpatient orthopaedic surgery. These findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing postoperative emergency department visits may be the best target to reduce overall postoperative unplanned hospital visits and that the MIPS program should be eliminated or modified to more strongly link reimbursement to risk-adjusted patient outcomes, thereby better aligning incentives among patients, surgeons, and the Centers for Medicare ad Medicaid Services. Future work could seek to evaluate the association between MIPS scores and other surgical outcomes and evaluate whether annual changes in MIPS score weighting are independently associated with clinician performance in the MIPS and regarding clinical outcomes. Level III, therapeutic study.

Pre/post-Test Evaluations of Agricultural Biosecurity Curriculum

ABSTRACT Objective In this combined study, the efficacy of different educational methods in enhancing students’ agricultural biosecurity knowledge, which is vital for public health, food security, and agricultural safety, was assessed. Methods In-person and virtual learning methods, utilizing educational content developed for the Gearing Up for Safety program, were investigated with 692 total participants. In the in-person learning method, 459 students aged 12–20 received a 50-minute in-person training session using the Gearing Up for Safety lesson on agricultural biosecurity. A 20 question pre- and post-test gauged knowledge gain. In the virtual learning method, 223 students, aged 12–20 received two, 40-minute virtual training sessions using the same content. Results Results of knowledge gain from the in-person method improved significantly from 55% to 77% (t(458) = -22.37, P < .001). Chi-squared analysis showed 19 out of the 20 questions significantly contributed to learning. Results of knowledge gain from the virtual method also showed a notable knowledge gain increase from 53% to 66% (t(222) = -11.86, P< .001). However, a chi-squared analysis revealed that only 10 of the 20 questions significantly contributed to learning. In-person learning effectively supported better understanding of general biosecurity. Conclusions Virtual education improved general understanding but required enhanced focus on topics like vaccination, pest management, and community biosecurity preparation for comprehensive knowledge. Both in-person and virtual learning resulted in an increase in agricultural biosecurity knowledge, with in-person learning exhibiting a higher proportion of significant knowledge gains. These findings emphasize the importance of diverse educational methods in preparing future agricultural workers to ensure safety and health in agricultural settings. Results were used to enhance the curricula content being made available as part of the Gearing Up for Safety program for young and beginning workers.

Significant correlation between leaf vein length per unit area and stomatal density: evidence from Red Tip and Chinese photinias.

The vascular veins in photosynthetic leaves play an important role in transporting water and sugars throughout the plant body, and their venation pattern and vein density determine the hydraulic efficiency of the leaf. Likewise, stomatal density (SD) can influence photosynthetic gas exchange. However, the correlation between leaf vein density and SD is seldom reported. Herein, we examined 16 leaves from the hybrid Photinia × fraseri and 16 leaves from one of its parents, P. serratifolia, to explore the correlation between leaf vein density and SD. For each leaf, equidistant lamina quadrats were excised along two longitudinal transects (one along the midrib and another along the leaf margin). For each quadrat, micrographs of 1.2mm × 0.9mm stomatal imprints, and 2.51mm × 1.88mm micrographs of leaf veins were used to measure total vein area per leaf unit area (VAA) and total vein length per unit area (VLA), as indicators of leaf vein density, to determine the correlation between SD and leaf vein density. For each taxon, there was no significant correlation between SD and VAA, but there was a significant correlation between SD and VLA. The data indicate that SD is not positively correlated with VAA but positively correlated with VLA for both the hybrid and the parent species. This study indicates that future work should focus on the relationships between SD and total vein length per unit area rather than on total leaf vein area per unit area within and across species.

Tragedy of the Commons in Crowd Work-Based Research

Academic scholars have leveraged crowd work platforms such as MTurk to conduct research and collect data, but the data quality crisis in crowd work has been an alarming phenomenon recently. Though prior studies have discussed data quality and validity issues in crowd work via surveys and experiments, they kind of neglected to explore the scholars’ and particularly the IRB's ethical concerns and the related policies in various ethical guidelines for crowd work-based research in these respects. In this study, we interviewed 17 scholars from six disciplines and 15 IRB directors and analysts in the U.S. and analyzed 28 research guidance documents to fill these gaps. We identified common themes among our interviewees and documents but also discovered distinctive and even opposing views regarding the approval rate, rejection, and internal/external research validity. Based on the findings, we discussed a potential Tragedy of the Commons regarding data quality deterioration and the disciplinary differences regarding validity in crowd work-based research. We further explored the origin of the data quality and validity issues in crowd work-based research. We advocated the IRB's ethical concerns in crowd work-based research be heard and respected further and be reflected in the ethical guidance for crowd work-based research. Finally, we proposed our research implications, limits, and future work.

Longitudinal Associations Between Optimism and Objective Measures of Physical Functioning in Women.

Identifying factors contributing to sustained physical functioning is critical for the health and well-being of the aging population, especially as physical functioning may precede and predict subsequent health outcomes. Prior work suggests optimism may protect health, but less is known about the association between optimism and objective physical functioning measures as individuals age. To evaluate the longitudinal association between optimism and 3 physical functioning measures. This was a prospective cohort study using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) with participants recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed up over 6 years. Data analysis was conducted from January 2022 to July 2022. Participants included postmenopausal women older than 65 years recruited from 40 clinical centers in the US. Optimism was assessed at baseline using the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Physical functioning was measured at 4 time points across 6 years by study staff evaluating performance in grip strength, timed walk, and chair stands. The final analytic sample included 5930 women (mean [SD] age, 70 [4] years). Linear mixed-effects models controlling for demographics, depression, health status, and health behaviors showed that higher optimism was associated with higher grip strength (β = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21-0.50) and number of chair stands (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.10) but not timed walk at baseline. Higher optimism was also associated with slower rates of decline in timed walk (β = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.04) and number of chair stands (β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0-0.03) but not grip strength over time. Cox proportional hazards models showed that higher optimism was associated with lower hazards of reaching clinically defined thresholds of impairment for all 3 outcomes over 6 years of follow-up. For example, in fully adjusted models, for a 1-SD increase in optimism, hazard ratios for reaching impairment thresholds were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92) for grip strength, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01) for timed walk, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98) for chair stands. In this cohort study of postmenopausal women, at baseline, higher optimism was associated with higher grip strength and number of chair stands but not with the time it took to walk 6 m. Higher optimism at baseline was also associated with maintaining healthier functioning on 2 of the 3 performance measures over time, including less decline in walking speed and in number of chair stands women could perform over 6 years of follow-up. Given experimental studies suggesting that optimism is modifiable, it may be a promising target for interventions to slow age-related declines in physical functioning. Future work should explore associations of optimism with maintenance of physical functioning in diverse populations.

Global expansion of wildland-urban interface (WUI) and WUI fires: insights from a multiyear worldwide unified database (WUWUI)

Fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are an important issue globally. To understand the change of WUI, we develop a 9 km worldwide unified wildland-urban interface database for 2001–2020 with Random Forest models and satellite data. We find that WUI has been increasing in all populated continents from 2001 to 2020 and the global relative increase is 24%, with the largest relative increase (∼59%) over Africa. Global total fire counts decrease by 10% from 2005 to 2020, whereas the WUI fraction of fire counts increases by 23%. The global total burned area decreases by 22% from 2005 to 2020, whereas the WUI fraction of burned area increases by 35%. These are mainly due to the expansion of WUI area. On all the populated continents, the WUI fractions of fire counts are higher than the WUI fractions of burned area, implying that WUI fires tend to have smaller sizes than wildland fires. We also project future WUI changes for the years 2030 and 2040, together with the projection of future fire burned area under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The projected global WUI fraction (excluding Antarctica and the oceans) is 5.9% in 2040 compared to 4.8% in 2020. The global WUI fraction of burned area is projected to increase from now to 2040 under most scenarios analyzed in this study, unless the WUI area stays at the 2020 level together with the projected burned area under SSP4-4.5. This study is a first step to understanding the changes of WUI fires at the global scale and demonstrates a growing importance of WUI fires. The global multi-year WUI and WUI fire datasets developed in this study can facilitate future work quantifying the impacts of WUI fires on air quality and climate.

Comparative structure activity and target exploration of 1,2-diphenylethynes in Haemonchus contortus and Caenorhabditis elegans

Infections and diseases caused by parasitic nematodes have a major adverse impact on the health and productivity of animals and humans worldwide. The control of these parasites often relies heavily on the treatment with commercially available chemical compounds (anthelmintics). However, the excessive or uncontrolled use of these compounds in livestock animals has led to major challenges linked to drug resistance in nematodes. Therefore, there is a need to develop new anthelmintics with novel mechanism(s) of action. Recently, we identified a small molecule, designated UMW-9729, with nematocidal activity against the free-living model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we evaluated UMW-9729's potential as an anthelmintic in a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study in C. elegans and the highly pathogenic, blood-feeding Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm), and explored the compound-target relationship using thermal proteome profiling (TPP). First, we synthesised and tested 25 analogues of UMW-9729 for their nematocidal activity in both H. contortus (larvae and adults) and C. elegans (young adults), establishing a preliminary nematocidal pharmacophore for both species. We identified several compounds with marked activity against either H. contortus or C. elegans which had greater efficacy than UMW-9729, and found a significant divergence in compound bioactivity between these two nematode species. We also identified a UMW-9729 analogue, designated 25, that moderately inhibited the motility of adult female H. contortus in vitro. Subsequently, we inferred three H. contortus proteins (HCON_00134350, HCON_00021470 and HCON_00099760) and five C. elegans proteins (F30A10.9, F15B9.8, B0361.6, DNC-4 and UNC-11) that interacted directly with UMW-9729; however, no conserved protein target was shared between the two nematode species. Future work aims to extend the SAR investigation in these and other parasitic nematode species, and validate individual proteins identified here as possible targets of UMW-9729. Overall, the present study evaluates this anthelmintic candidate and highlights some challenges associated with early anthelmintic investigation.

Linear limit continuation: Theory and an application to two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates

We present a coherent and effective theoretical framework to systematically construct numerically exact nonlinear solitary waves from their respective linear limits. First, all possible linear degenerate sets are classified for a harmonic potential using lattice planes. For a generic linear degenerate set, distinct wave patterns are identified in the near-linear regime using a random searching algorithm by suitably mixing the linear degenerate states, followed by a numerical continuation in the chemical potential extending the waves into the Thomas–Fermi regime. The method is applied to the two-dimensional, one-component Bose–Einstein condensates, yielding a spectacular set of waveforms. Our method opens a remarkably large program, and many more solitary waves are expected. Finally, the method can be readily generalized to three dimensions, and also multi-component condensates, providing a highly powerful technique for investigating solitary waves in future works.

Performance evaluation of 3D-printed ABS and carbon fiber-reinforced ABS polymeric spur gears

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer and carbon fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF/ABS) spur gears were 3D-printed using fusion deposition modeling (FDM) with different fillet radii of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mm. The performance of the fabricated gears was studied with the effect of fillet radius on varying load and speed conditions. The thermal properties of the gears were also investigated. The results indicated that 3D-printed CF/ABS spur gear exhibited better performance than the pure ABS. The 3D-printed CF/ABS gear with fillet radius of 0.25 mm recorded the highest wear and thermal stresses. However, the optimum performance was exhibited by the gear sample with highest fillet radius of 0.75 mm. Repeated gear tooth loading during service caused an increase in gear temperature due to the hysteresis and friction. Using optical microscopy, the tooth structures of both 3D-printed ABS and CF/ABS spur gears were analyzed before and after loading conditions to establish their failure mechanism. Evidently, various applications of the FDM 3D-printed spur gears depend on their different performances under loads and operating speeds. The methods and findings of this work can be regarded as helpful for future related work related to cellulosic reinforcing particles in a polymer matrix.

APPLICATION OF STEM-TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN HEALTH

The article examines the current aspects of the use of STEM technologies in the professional training of specialists in the field of human health. Focusing on scientific and technical disciplines such as materials science, engineering, computer science and mathematics, the article highlights the benefits and challenges of applying STEM approaches in the educational process. The impact of the specified technologies on the development of key competencies and increasing the efficiency of professional training of future specialists in the field of health care was studied. The article also considers the possibilities of integrating STEM education into training programs, thereby contributing to the creation of better conditions for the successful implementation of these technologies in the field of training specialists in education and human health.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to analyze scientific approaches to defining and studying the features of STEM education; the study of existing educational practices related to the development and implementation of STEM subjects and the determination of ways of their respective implementation in the educational process for the purpose of health protection.&#x0D; Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic and person-oriented approach to the analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature and pedagogical experience on issues of social-pedagogical activity. The work uses a multi- level systematic analysis of scientific sources, which is based on philosophical, general scientific and partly scientific and specific scientific levels of knowledge.&#x0D; Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the in-depth study and analysis of the impact of STEM technologies on the professional training of specialists in the field of human health. The work highlights the latest approaches to the use of scientific and technical knowledge and skills for health maintenance, revealing in detail their role in the development and improvement of the quality of education in this field. In addition, the article offers innovative strategies and methods of introducing STEM approaches into educational programs to optimize the process of professional training, which contributes to the continuous improvement of educational practices in the field of human health.&#x0D; Conclusions. Studies of the use of STEM technologies in the professional training of health professionals indicate the significant potential of these innovations in the field of improving the quality of education and improving the practical skills of future medical workers. The use of STEM approaches allows not only to effectively combine scientific knowledge and technical skills, but also stimulates critical thinking, creative approach and the ability to solve complex problems in the medical field. The results of the analysis indicate the need to integrate STEM education into pedagogical programs to provide students with a wider range of competencies, taking into account the development of technologies in the modern world. At the same time, it is important to take into account the specifics of human health education and provide adapted STEM strategies to ensure their optimal effectiveness in the context of human health. In general, the use of STEM technologies in the training of specialists in the field of human health is a promising direction that can contribute to raising the quality of health education and training qualified personnel for the challenges of the modern public health system.

Toolkit for creating a safety culture for future railway workers

JSC ‟Russian Railways” is carrying out comprehensive work to reduce injuries to zero, including by increasing the level of professional training of employees. Safety culture as a derivative of the international movement Vision Zero, has become an important part of the occupational safety management system in Russian Railways and has radically changed the approach to the identification and prevention of injuries in railway transport. Students of transport technical schools and universities should join the Vision Zero international movement at the stage of education, that is, much earlier than the actual start of work. To do this, it is proposed to introduce a system of annual labor protection months in educational institutions, which will become the basis for the formation of a safety culture. Conducting such months gives the student the opportunity to take part in them for several years in a row, at the beginning of training to a greater extent as a listener and spectator, but at senior courses, to act as a lecturer, organizer and participate in more significant events.Constant work on the formation of a ‟correct” understanding of the importance of compliance with the safety standards and rules of future railway workers will become the basis for the eradication of injuries due to unfair compliance with the requirements of labor protection instructions.

Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Heteroleptic Ir(III) Complexes Containing the N-oxide Functional Group and Crystallographic Characterization of Ir(III) N-oxide Precursors

The N-oxide functional group has been exploited for synthetic strategies and drug design, and it has been utilized in imaging agents. Herein, we present rare examples of neutral heteroleptic cyclometallated Ir(III) compounds that contain an uncoordinated N-oxide functional group. These species, along with others described within, were verified by NMR, EA, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. N-oxide-containing Ir(III) species were prepared selectively in high yields &gt; 66% from chloro-bridged Ir(III) dimers with Acipimox, a picolinate-type ligand containing the N-oxide functional group. Non-N-oxide analogs were synthesized in a similar fashion (yields &gt; 77%). Electrochemical comparison (cyclic voltammetry) indicates that the presence of an N-oxide functional group anodically shifts the reduction potential, suggesting that the N-oxide is acting as an electron-withdrawing group in these species. Crystallographic studies were pursued to examine the coordination behavior of these N-oxides compared to their non-oxidized congeners. The Ir(III) complexes with Acipimox indeed leave the N-oxide uncoordinated and exposed on the complexes. The uncoordinated N-oxide group is influential in directing the packing structures of these complexes directly through C-H···O and O···π interactions at the N-oxide. The crystallographic characterization of cationic Ir(III) compounds with uncoordinated nitrogen atoms is also presented. The C-H···N interactions between these complexes form a variety of dimers, finite chains, and continuous chains. Future work will focus on functionalizing the cationic Ir(III) species into their corresponding N-oxide derivatives and rigorously characterizing how the N-oxide functional group impacts the optical properties of transition metal compounds in both cationic and neutral complexes.

Comparison of machine learning-based book comments sentiment analysis for constructing recommendation system

The exponential growth in the volume of books available, along with the proliferation of online platforms, has made it increasingly challenging for readers to find books tailored to their interests. This research paper aims to address this challenge by developing an effective book recommendation system based on user reviews and ratings, primarily drawn from Amazons dataset covering the period from May 1996 to July 2014. Using a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm and a Random Forest baseline model, the study focuses on comparative analyses in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) and computational costs. The KNN model outperformed the baseline model with a lower MSE of 0.15 compared to 0.38 and proved to be computationally less exacting. While the KNN model is currently the more tenable option for deployment, the paper posits that an ensemble approach may offer a more robust solution. Future work aims to include sentiment analysis, explore other recommendation algorithms, and make use of more advanced evaluation metrics. This study provides a foundation for the advancement of book recommendation systems, offering insights into their efficiency and effectiveness.

Skill Development in Current and Future Workers to Thrive in the Digital Aquaculture Industry

The digitisation of the agriculture industry provides an opportune context for accelerating sustainable food production. Aquaculture is among the fastest-growing agriculture sectors and is well placed to help address food supply shortages, directly contributing to the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goal 2. However, the sector currently has inadequate digital capability and enabling conditions to thrive. Social cognitive career theory asserts that career choices and persistence are directly influenced by a person’s thoughts, including their self-efficacy; therefore, the upskilling and reskilling of labour is required to build confidence in their digital capabilities and reduce turnover intentions. Consequently, this study sought to identify the key skills and needs for this workforce to transition to digitally driven ways of working. The results indicated that a range of skills and abilities that enable people to improve their digital capabilities were required. The findings are presented and discussed.

Cognitive phenomena measurement with time window-based multispectral brain mapping.

Cognitive neuroscience experiments require accurate and traceable methods of measuring cognitive phenomena, analyzing and processing data, and validating results, including measurement of impact of such phenomena on brain activity and consciousness. EEG measurement is the most widely used tool for evaluation of the experiment's progress. To extract more information from the EEG signal, continuous innovation is necessary to provide a broader range of information. This paper presents a new tool for measuring and mapping cognitive phenomena using time window-based multispectral brain mapping of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The tool was developed using Python programming language and enables users to create brain maps images for six spectra (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu) of EEG signal. The system can accept an arbitrary number of EEG channels with standardized labels based on the 10-20 system, and users can select the channels, frequency bandwidth, type of signal processing, and time window length to perform the mapping. The key advantage of this tool is its ability to perform short-time brain mapping, which allows for the exploration and measurement of cognitive phenomena. The tool's performance was evaluated through testing on real EEG signals, and results demonstrated its effectiveness in accurately mapping cognitive phenomena. The developed tool can be used in various applications, including cognitive neuroscience research and clinical studies. Future work involves optimizing the tool's performance and expanding its capabilities.

Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) of Brain Microstructure in Adolescent Cannabis and Nicotine Use.

Despite evidence suggesting deleterious effects of cannabis and nicotine tobacco product (NTP) use on white matter integrity, there have been limited studies examining white matter integrity among users of both cannabis and nicotine. Further, updated white matter methodology provides opportunities to investigate use patterns on neurite orientation dispersion and density (NODDI) indices and subtle tissue changes related to the intra- and extra-neurite compartment. We aimed to investigate how cannabis and NTP use among adolescents and young adults interacts to impact the white matter integrity microstructure. A total of 221 participants between the ages of 16 and 22 completed the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR) to measure substance use, and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. Participants were divided into NTP-control and NTP groupings and cannabis-control and cannabis groupings (≥26 NTP/cannabis uses in past 6 months). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and two-way between-subjects ANOVA investigated the effects of NTP use group, cannabis use group, and their interaction on fractional anisotropy (FA) and NODDI indices while controlling for age and biological sex. NTP use was associated with decreased FA values and increased orientation dispersion in the left anterior capsule. There were no significant effects of cannabis use or the interaction of NTP and cannabis use on white matter outcomes. NTP use was associated with altered white matter integrity in an adolescent and young adult sample. Findings suggest that NTP-associated alterations may be linked to altered fiber tract geometry and dispersed neurite structures versus myelination, as well as differential effects of NTP and cannabis use on white matter structure. Future work is needed to investigate how altered white matter is related to downstream behavioral effects from NTP use.

Biodiesel as a Sustainable Platform Chemical Enabled by Selective Partial Hydrogenation: Compounds Outplace Combustion?!

The hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vegetable oils and their derivatives is essential for their use in many areas, such as biofuels and food chemistry. However, no attempts have been made to adapt this technology to the requirements of further chemical utilization of fatty acid methyl esters as molecular building blocks, especially for particularly promising double-bond reactions. In this work, we, therefore, use three homogeneous catalytic model reactions (hydroformylation, isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis) to show, firstly, that it is already known from the literature that high PUFA contents have a negative impact on activity and selectivity. Subsequently, using the example of soybean and canola biodiesel, we demonstrate that these key figures can be drastically improved by a preceding selective partial hydrogenation. This makes it possible to first reduce the share of PUFAs to <1 w % without causing significant overhydrogenation and then to carry out hydroformylation, methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis with significantly increased activity (up to twentyfold) and selectivity (up to 80 % increase). With these findings, we hope to convince the scientific and industrial world of the potential of selective partial hydrogenation as a key technology for utilizing renewable raw materials and to encourage its effective use in future work.

Experiences of Workplace Violence in Graduate Nursing Clinical Education.

Exposure to workplace violence (WPV) is common in health care, and little is known about nurse practitioner (NP) students' experiences during graduate nursing clinical education. This study described experiences of WPV among NP students during their clinical education. We conducted a cross-sectional, quantitative survey of a random sample of NPs licensed in Texas examining graduate nursing education experiences. A total of 334 NPs responded, a 12% response rate. More than a quarter (27%) experienced WPV during their graduate nursing clinical experience. Preceptors were the most reported perpetrators (44%). Most NPs remained in their clinical site after their WPV experience (55%); a majority felt they had no alternative clinical placement option. Nurse practitioner students experience WPV, and there may be implications for educational persistence and their careers. Future work should attempt to reduce the frequency of student WPV experiences and examine implications for NP careers.