The spur growth of the pharmaceutical industry took a digital transformation face with help of artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML). These technology is not only taken keen role in analytical tool but also help in developing drug formulation manufacturing aspects. A tremendous shift was observed between 2020 and 2025 AI and ML have taken rapid role in application enabling in developing predictive model right from the primary physical chemical properties optimization of pharmaceutical parameters and technology driver of automation of process control. This review article put emphasis on recent existing advances alongside highlighting the technology in making more neural connections in network and support the vectors system in machines. The generated models were helped in redefining the design and quality. These technologies help in innovation in predicting excipient compatibility developed a simulator resolution profile finally helping to develop robust formulation part improving overall reproducibility and efficacy. The other technology such as Quantum machine learning federal learning and twin technology have made their own place in creating a new era of collaborative and autonomous formulation development.

Programmable materials: A comprehensive review on shape memory polymers for orthopedic applications.

Human CO emissions are an important driving factor in global warming, which is a threat to the Earth's climate system and ecosystems, with consequences such as increased average global temperature, frequent extreme heat waves, and ecosystem degradation. Nowadays, all CO storage technologies still face a number of challenges, such as cost, capacity of treatment, and energy consumption. Among all Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage methods, hydrogenation of CO into methanol (CHOH) has become one of the vital ways to deal with carbon dioxide, and at the same time, high-value chemicals and fuels were prepared. This article systematically reviews the catalytic systems adopted in the CO hydrogenation to methanol process, mainly focusing on different catalyst types and giving an in-depth explanation of their reaction mechanisms. Meanwhile, a flow diagram was adopted to depict the integral process of this reaction under industrial conditions, involving key unit operations. The study shows that efficient catalysts and low-cost green hydrogen are the keys to the successful industrial application of this technology, and its extensive application will provide a good prospect for a green future.

Palladium Nanoparticles (PdNPs) are considered significant catalytic agents, along with a wide range of applications, mainly hydrogen storage and sensing, biomedical imaging, and remediation strategies. Extensive studies are being carried out on the formation of PdNPs (PdNPs) worldwide, showing the predominance of the chemical approach among various technologies for the synthesis. The traditional chemical method employed in the formulation of PdNPs contains certain limitations that have been overcome by the use of the alternative biological method, as they are meek, low-cost, and benign to ecosystems. Therefore, the present review provides an overview of the modernized techniques involved in the biological approach for PdNPs formation by utilizing various natural origins, for example, plants as well as microbes, for their enhanced stability and applications in fields of the environment. Various mechanisms and parameters involved, along with approaches utilized for the characterization of bioPdNPs, are described, with an insight being delivered on the utility of biologically synthesized palladium nanoparticles. Recovery of PdNPs to achieve a circular economy is also being focused. In addition, the future prospectus on palladium nanoparticle research is also summarized.

The importance of local anaesthetics in dentistry cannot be overestimated. Being the most often used drugs in the dental practice, these medicines are simply indispensable, as they allow for intra-operative and partly post-operative pain control in procedures performed. The injectable agents, currently employed in dentistry, belong, almost exclusively, to amino-amide class. The paper focuses on articaine – a peculiar amino-amide local anaesthetic, that exhibits exceptional features distinguishing it from the other drugs in the group and endearing it to dental practitioners all over the world, at the same time. The structure of the drug is presented and characteristics arising from its unique attributes are discussed. The article covers the practical aspects of articaine use in various fields of dentistry and oral surgery and arising prospects for future. Despite the wide safety margin of the agent, articaine, like any other local anaesthetic may induce unwanted side-effects, they were described also and their management was briefly presented.

THROMB-HEM is an observational research study discovering the prevalence, risk factors and features of the course and therapy of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in children with hemoblastosis and bone marrow aplasia which was conducted on from 2012 to 2017 on the basis of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Aim: assessment of the DVT prevalence in children with hemoblastosis and and bone marrow aplasia based on the results of the THROMB-HEM study. The cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of objectively confirmed DVT, symptomatic (sDVT) and asymptomatic (aDVT) DVT in was assessed in children hospitalized in the center from 01.01.2013 to 12.31.2017 in order to verify and treat various hemoblastosis and bone marrow aplasia. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Data from 1623 patients were included for CIR DVT analysis. Among the patients included in the event analysis, DVT was detected in 361 children (285 aDVT and 73 sDVT, in 3 cases there were no data on the clinical picture of DVT). The maximum patient observation time was 5 years. The median follow-up time for patients was 332.15 days (95 % confidence interval (CI) 295.65–379.60). At the third year of follow-up, CVR DVT was 34.8 % (95 % CI 31.3–38.7), CVR aDVT was 28.9 % (95 % CI 25.7–32.5), while sDVT was 8.2 % (95 % CI 5.8–11.5). Unlike aDVT, most sDVT occurred within the first 6 months of therapy. DVT, mostly aDVT, is a common finding in children receiving inpatient treatment for hemoblastosis and bone marrow aplasia, which dictates the need for further research to assess risk factors and the effectiveness of therapy and prevention of these complications.

This study aims to investigate the most important challenges and issues that face the Sukuk industry in the world, after it has become an important financial tool for financing in several environments, whether Islamic or Western, and these challenges and issues related to Sukuks require solutions in order not to turn with time, into a copy of the traditional bonds.The main finding of the study revealed that the problem of asset ownership and its consequences are the most important challenges, and the gradual tendency of Sukuk to shift towards fixed debt instruments is the most important issue.Moreover, the researcher presents some proposals for a better future for the Sukuk industry with high performance for these instruments.Concerning Algeria, the current legal texts and regulations are the most important challenge to the establishment of a real Sukuk industry, and this requires its adjustment, in addition to the absence of a law for Sukuk, unlike what exists in other Arab and Islamic countries, accordingly the Algerian legislator have to adjust the current laws and put new ones aligned with the Sukuk nature.

Scientific Needs: Neurosurgery demands exceptional precision and expertise due to the complexity of treating brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve disorders.The high stakes of surgical errors underscore the need for advanced, risk-free training modalities to ensure technical proficiency and patient safety, particularly as procedural complexity and technological advancements accelerate. Introduction:As one of medicine's most intricate specialties, neurosurgery requires innovative educational strategies to prepare surgeons for its challenges.Laboratory-based training has emerged as a critical tool, enabling skill development in a controlled environment.This review addresses the urgent need to evaluate and enhance training modalities to meet the evolving demands of neurosurgical practice. Methods:We conducted a comprehensive literature review of neurosurgical training, focusing on simulation-based techniques, cadaveric dissection, and advanced imaging integration.Peer-reviewed studies were analyzed to assess the efficacy, benefits, and limitations of each method.Manuscripts published on the last 24 years were evaluated, Current trends and technological innovations were explored to identify their impact on surgical proficiency and patient outcomes.Discussion: Simulation and cadaveric training offer distinct advantages: simulations provide safe, repeatable practice, while cadaveric dissection ensures anatomical fidelity.Advanced imaging and virtual reality enhance both, yet challenges such as cost, accessibility, and haptic realism persist.These modalities collectively improve technical skills, but their global adoption varies, highlighting disparities in training infrastructure.Emerging technologies promise to bridge these gaps, though evidence of competency transfer to the operating theater remains limited. Conclusion:Laboratory-based training is indispensable for equipping neurosurgeons with the skills required for modern practice.Integrating traditional and innovative methods addresses current educational needs, but future efforts must prioritize cost-effective solutions and validated assessments to ensure widespread impact.This evolution in training will enhance surgical expertise, ultimately advancing patient safety and care quality worldwide.While new technologies offer valuable adjuncts, the ideal educational approach lies in balancing and integrating both traditional and modern techniques through cooperative models of instruction.

The paper examines the state and prospects of ensuring the security of electronic document flow in criminal proceedings in the context of the digital transformation of law enforcement agencies. First, threats to information security are characterized. The regulatory framework for ensuring safety has been defined, and attention has been given to organizational issues. It is stated that organizational means of ensuring security include the definition and regulatory consolidation of the circle of persons allowed to work with electronic document flow, as well as the prevention of the impact on information by other persons and phenomena. The technical means of ensuring the security of electronic document management are examined in detail, including hardware and software, hardware and cryptographic means of protection. The following are highlighted as prospects for the near future: more active use of cloud services and blockchain technology for information security, as well as promising quantum technologies of cryptography and quantum information transfer. As a conclusion, it is stated that only in the system all measures to ensure the security of electronic document flow in criminal proceedings can provide a synergistic effect that guarantees the security of information.

A vital part of the world food chain, livestock farming sustains livelihoods and supplies vital nutrients. This thorough analysis looks at the most recent developments and trends in livestock production worldwide, covering important topics like digitalisation, animal welfare, sustainable intensification, and alternative protein sources. Sustainable intensification uses better resource utilisation and management techniques to increase output while reducing environmental effects. Making decisions allows for proactive management and increases productivity. In order to satisfy growing demand and lessen environmental impact, alternative protein sources like plant-based proteins and cultured meat are also being investigated. Nonetheless, there are issues with animal welfare and environmental sustainability. A sustainable and ethical future for animal production requires striking a balance between these difficulties and the advantages of contemporary trends and advances.

Today, water pumping plays a crucial role throughout the world, due to its many uses, such as irrigation, watering livestock and supplying water for domestic needs in isolated areas not served by traditional distribution networks (of water and/or electricity in general). The use of photovoltaic solar energy offers promising, environmentally friendly prospects for pumping water in these regions. However, several factors limit the performance of these pumping systems. To achieve this goal, a significant amount of work is underway to optimize the efficiency of these photovoltaic water pumping systems. In this study, various methods for enhancing pumping system efficiency are analyzed, such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods used, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations, as well as hydraulic system architectures. The aim is therefore to suggest research proposals for improving the energy efficiency of photovoltaic water pumping systems, with a view to promoting the transition to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy future.

Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death worldwide. How to realize precise theranostics and management of Lung cancer has huge clinical demand. In past decade, artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are broadly used in medicine. Herein we focus on reviewing the main advances of ML and DL in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Besides, we summarize AI’s advantages, explore how AI assists theranostics of lung cancer by innovative AI algorithms, then we discussed the opportunities and challenges as well as the future directions in the clinical implementation of AI in lung cancer. Overall, AI integrated with multidisciplinary technology and data is a new development trend, its application in theranostics of lung cancer owns excellent clinical transformation value and prospect in near future. Keywords : Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; algorithms; Lung cancer; Theranostics.

The world faces unprecedented pressure to develop appropriate tools and policies for a sustainable energy future. Though science suffers from a burden of proof, it has thus far proved true to different predictions on human-induced climate change impacts. The call to transition from sole dependence on fossil fuels to drive human civilization is alarming. Science, technology, and international climate policies provide some promising steps toward a practical net-zero economy path. Policies, innovations, and technologies play a critical role in supporting the energy transition agenda toward a sustainable future. The recent innovations in technology and business models that embrace the adoption of alternative energy sources are impressive, where the use of renewable and alternative energy sources such as solar and wind are gaining traction. Awareness of the importance of adopting a suitable energy future is on the rise, with private investors beginning to push companies to change; countries worldwide are adopting various measures to a just transition, essentially adopting policies to embrace a low-carbon economy. Amid all the positive indications of the global community to embrace a sustainable energy future, the challenge of replacing fossil fuels, which are thus far the cheap, versatile, and dependable energy source, is prevalent. Appropriate policies will need to be adopted so that there will be a just transition embracing the principle of leaving no one behind. To keep up with the pace of the global social economic dynamics, countries will have to embrace strategies that mix different options tailored in local conditions while keeping abreast with the global dynamics. This paper reviews the roles of appropriate policies and technological advancement to support a sustainable energy future.

Camouflage nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in the realm of disease therapy, offering a distinctive set of properties and versatile applications. These nanoparticles, characterized by their size, typically falling within the range of 1 to 100 nm, hold significant promise for the realms of targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. Diverse categories of camouflage nanoparticles, encompassing liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers, have been under intensive scrutiny for their potential to combat a spectrum of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular ailments, genetic anomalies, and cancer. These nanoparticles exhibit the remarkable ability to surmount biological barriers, including the formidable blood-brain barrier, thereby facilitating the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues. This precision augments drug efficacy while simultaneously mitigating systemic side effects. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the refinement of nanoparticle design, the assurance of long-term safety, and the pursuit of scalability and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, future prospects encompass expanding the purview of diseasespecific applications, advancing cutting-edge imaging modalities, crafting multifunctional nanoparticles, and seamlessly integrating nascent technologies. With relentless dedication to research and innovation, CNPs hold the potential to metamorphose the landscape of disease therapy, ushering in a new era marked by heightened drug efficacy, diminished side effects, and the realization of personalized medicine paradigms. This review aims to illuminate the burgeoning arena of CNPs in disease therapy, casting a spotlight on their latent potential as a conduit for targeted drug delivery. Through an exploration of their unique attributes, applications, and extant challenges, this review seeks to galvanize further research and development within this propitious domain, ultimately striving to revolutionize disease therapy by aligning it with the tenets of enhanced efficacy, attenuated side effects, and the realization of personalized medicine aspirations.

Review Solar Thermal Technologies for Biofuel Production: Recent Advances and Future Prospectus Amit Kumar Sharma 1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, Applied Sciences Cluster, School of Advance Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) University, Dehradun 24806, India; amitsharma@ddn.upes.ac.in or amit.orgchemistry@gmail.com 2 Centre for Alternate Energy Research, R & D University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) University, Dehradun 24806, India Received: 13 August 2024; Revised: 3 November 2024; Accepted: 7 November 2024; Published: 11 February 2025 Abstract: Solar thermal biomass conversion technologies are gaining significant interest due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In these systems, solar thermal heating replaces the traditional electrical heating source as the reactor, as used in conventional thermal technologies. This approach generates higher-calorific-value products with reduced CO2 emissions compared to standard thermal methods, effectively capturing intermittent solar energy and storing it in the form of solar fuels. This review discussess the integration of solar energy with conventional bioenergy production methods through thermal processes, including torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Recent advancements have highlighted the effective use of solar collectors, including Scheffler dishes, heliostats, and Fresnel lenses, in solar thermal bioconversion applications. Therefore, we comprehensively describe the advances in solar thermal biomass conversion technologies. The design and operational parameters for efficient solar thermal technologies are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospectus of these technologies has are summarized. In conclusion, this review shows that the production of biofuels from various carboneous biomasses through solar thermal technologies represents a sustainable option for various energy applications.

In recent years, a notable advancement has occurred in the domain of drug delivery systems via the integration of intelligent polymers that respond to ultrasound. The implementation of this groundbreaking methodology has significantly revolutionised the controlled and precise delivery of therapeutic interventions. An in-depth investigation is conducted into the most recent developments in ultrasonic stimulus-responsive materials and techniques for the purpose of accomplishing precise medication administration. The investigation begins with an exhaustive synopsis of the foundational principles underlying drug delivery systems that react to ultrasonic stimuli, focusing specifically on the complex interplay between polymers and ultrasound waves. Significant attention is devoted to the development of polymers that demonstrate tailored responsiveness to ultrasound, thereby exemplifying their versatility in generating controlled drug release patterns. Numerous classifications of intelligent polymers are examined in the discussion, including those that react to variations in temperature, pH, and enzymes. When coupled with ultrasonic stimuli, these polymers offer a sophisticated framework for the precise manipulation of drug release in terms of both temporal and spatial dimensions. The present study aims to examine the synergistic effects of responsive polymers and ultrasound in overcoming biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier and the gastrointestinal tract. By doing so, it seeks to shed light on the potential applications of these materials in intricate clinical scenarios. The issues and future prospects of intelligent ultrasound-responsive polymers in the context of drug delivery are critically analysed in this article. The objective of this study is to offer valuable perspectives on the challenges that must be overcome to enable the effective implementation of these technologies. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists with a wealth of information that will serve as a guide for forthcoming developments in the development and enhancement of intelligent drug delivery systems that employ ultrasound-responsive polymers to attain superior therapeutic outcomes.

when facing growing environmental and social challenges, it is essential to involve citizens and social actors to increase the probability of success of the interventions, after establishing a cohesive and harmonised working group. to illustrate the tools for risk communication activity developed as part of the 'One Health Citizen Science' Project (OHCS), the actions undertaken and the preliminary results that offer an overview of the context and perspectives; to analyse the results of the internal survey of the group of experts working in OHCS on the issues of risk perception and communication in the specific context of citizen science (CS). description of the actions undertaken in the OHCS communication sector and a transversal study on risk perception and CS. within the OHCS project, the following tools were produced during various meetings: information sheets, to be compiled for each of the 7 polluted sites and the 2 regional waste plans, containing useful information for setting up a risk communication programme; a methodological document for risk communication, to be used as a guide for the construction of specific communication plans in each area; an internal questionnaire, consisting of 29 questions to deepen the knowledge of the project partners, administered through the Google Forms platform. description of the actions undertaken in the OHCS communication sector and a transversal study on risk perception and CS of the experts, part of the project team; quantitative and qualitative analysis of the information sheets; evaluation of the impact of the methodological document for risk communication; analysis of the data obtained from the internal questionnaire, through descriptive statistical methods and multivariate analysis, implemented with R Software. the information sheets contain useful information for risk communication, but need to be updated. The methodological document is still only partially used. The internal questionnaire administered to the experts of the project team saw the participation of 46 adults (between 30 and 59 years old: N. 35; 76,09%), mainly female (N. 31; 67,39%), with a high level of education. The results confirm the awareness, expected in sector operators, that dangers involve risks and reinforce the indication to work directly to mitigate them. Over two thirds of respondents have not participated in CS projects, and the majority declared themselves convinced that there are protection and prevention measures that can be implemented immediately, involving the responsible authorities and providing widespread information dedicated to different stakeholders. the OHCS project, launched in 2023, has developed useful tools for collecting information and preparing environmental monitoring and biomonitoring activities. The results obtained so far show an improvement in the quality and quantity of the information collected, which is useful for involving social actors. The approaches used promote systematic methodologies that can facilitate the participation of all stakeholders. Internal communication actions within the project have contributed to the consolidation of the project team and the mapping of citizens' social actors, and have developed awareness of the importance of CS for the planned activities and replicability in other contexts.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Tirofiban, a platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, has shown promise as adjunctive therapy in the emergency management of MI in diabetic patients. However, a comprehensive understanding of its use, efficacy, safety, and limitations in this patient population is necessary to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. This review article utilized a systematic approach to gather relevant research articles, clinical trials, and studies on the use of tirofiban in the therapy of MI in diabetic patients. Databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, were extensively searched using specific keywords related to tirofiban, MI, DM, STEMI, and antiplatelet therapy. The collected data were carefully examined, summarized, and analyzed to provide an extensive overview of using tirofiban in the management of MI in diabetic individuals. The analysis of the gathered literature revealed that tirofiban has demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes, reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and promoting early recovery of heart function in diabetic patients with MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The fast on- and off-rate and dose-dependent effect of the drug on platelet aggregation contribute to its effectiveness. However, caution should be exercised due to the potential risk of tirofiban-associated thrombocytopenia. Clinical trials and studies have provided evidence- based dosing guidelines, enabling the safe and effective administration of tirofiban in this patient population. Tirofiban, a platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, shows promise as adjunctive therapy in the emergency management of MI in diabetic patients. It has demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes, reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and promoting early recovery of heart function. However, healthcare providers should be cautious regarding the potential risk of tirofiban-associated thrombocytopenia. Further research is needed to optimize dosing guidelines, evaluate long-term safety, and fully understand the benefits and limitations of tirofiban in this patient population. The comprehensive insights provided in this review aim to enhance treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in the emergency management of MI in diabetic individuals.

The rapid acceleration of urbanization and the surge in car ownership necessitate efficient automatic parking solutions in constricted spaces to address the escalating urban parking issue. To optimize space utilization, enhance traffic efficiency, and mitigate accident risks, a method is proposed for smooth, comfortable, and adaptable automatic parking trajectory planning. This study initially employs a hybrid A* algorithm to generate a preliminary path, then fits the velocity and acceleration based on a cubic polynomial. The kinematic constraints of the vehicle and obstacle avoidance constraints are then meticulously defined, and a coupled nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method is employed to optimize the trajectory. Compared to the hybrid A* algorithm, the optimized trajectory demonstrates superior space utilization and improved smoothness. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs effectively in automated parking tasks in confined spaces, suggesting promising applications and broad prospects for future.

This paper focuses on the prospects of artificial intelligence and future the metaverse in medical education and training. Artificial intelligence significantly improves the efficiency and quality of medical education through personalized learning path customization, virtual surgery simulation and image diagnosis assistance. The introduction of the metaverse, on the other hand, breaks the time-space limitation of traditional education, provides immersive learning experience for medical students, and greatly promotes the improvement of clinical skills and practical ability. However, AI and the metaverse in medical education and training also face challenges such as data security, algorithmic bias, educational imbalance and cyber-attacks. To safeguard patient privacy and data security, data protection measures need to be strengthened; at the same time, there is a need to promote the popularization of the technology to ensure that every student has equal access to quality educational resources. In summary, artificial intelligence and the future the metaverse bring unprecedented opportunities and challenges to medical education. With the continuous progress of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, these technologies will play a more important role in medical education and promote the cause of medical education to move forward.