Future Focus Research Articles

Bibliometric Research on Surgical Scheduling Management from the Perspective of Web of Science.

Reasonable surgical scheduling management is crucial to optimize the utilization rate of operating room. This study aims to understand the context, frontier and hot spots of surgical scheduling management research, in order to provide reference for surgical scheduling optimization. Literature on operation scheduling management collected in Web of Science core collection database was searched from the database establishment to June 21, 2023. HisCite Pro 2.1 software was used to analyze the publication time, countries, research institutions, journals, authors, keywords and highly cited papers. A total of 1383 literatures were included, and research institutions in the United States, Canada and other countries played a leading role in this field. Among them, the combination of machine algorithm and system model optimization to improve the accuracy of surgical duration prediction is the future research focus in this field. Improving operation efficiency is one of the key issues in operating room management. Managers should find the best operation scheduling plan from a more detailed and comprehensive perspective to improve operation efficiency.

Enterprise: Exploration of Concepts, Perspectives and Implications for Systems Engineering

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of ‘enterprise’ in the context of Systems Engineering (SE). The term ‘enterprise’ has been used extensively to generally describe large complex entities that have an extensive scope of operations. However, a deeper examination of ‘enterprise’ significance for SE can provide insights as our challenges continue with increasingly complex, uncertain, ambiguous, and integrated entities struggling to thrive in the future. The paper explores three central topics. First, the concept of enterprise is introduced as a central aspect of the future focus for SE, as recognized in the INCOSE SE Vision 2035. Second, a more detailed examination of the enterprise concept is developed in relationship to SE. The thrust of this examination is to understand the nature and role of ‘enterprise’ across a broad spectrum of literature and knowledge, ultimately providing a more informed perspective of enterprise for SE. As part of this exploration, a bibliometric analysis of the term ‘enterprise’ is performed. This exploration extracts key themes (clusters) in the ‘enterprise’ literature. Third, challenges for further development and inculcation of ‘enterprise’ within the SE discipline and support for realization of the SE 2035 Vision are suggested. These challenges point out the need to ‘think differently’ about ‘enterprise’ within the SE context. ‘Enterprise’ is proposed as a central, albeit different, perspective for the SE discipline. The paper closes with a first‐generation perspective for ‘enterprise’ in pursuit of the SE Vision 2035.

Views on Empowering Parents to Support their Children with Literacy Skills

The purpose of this paper is to examine the views of teachers and parents on strategies for empowering parents to effectively support their children with literacy skills. Literature sketches a bleak picture of the poor literacy performance of South African primary school learners. This qualitative study utilising a case study design, was conducted at two primary schools in the Mangaung district of Bloemfontein's Free State Department of Education (FSDOE). The participants were selected through the purposive sampling method and data were collected through interviews and open-ended questionnaires. The data was presented and analysed within themes aligned with the literature, conceptual framework and the objectives of the study. The findings disclosed that parental support regarding literacy is insufficient and that both teachers and parents are experiencing immense challenges with poor literacy skills among learners. The findings brought forth some noteworthy suggestions for empowering parents to support their children with the improvement of literacy skills. The main conclusion derived from the study is the need for a greater focus on strategies to involve parents in literacy improvement. It is recommended that future research focus on strategies to enhance parental empowerment for improved support to their children with literacy skills.

Integrating Passive Biomonitoring and Active Monitoring: Spider Web Silk and Portable Instruments for Air Quality in Urban Areas

Urban areas worldwide face significant challenges from increasing air pollution, posing health risks and environmental concerns. Lahore, a major city in Pakistan, is particularly affected by severe air pollution due to rapid industrial growth, high vehicle emissions, and various human activities. Traditional air quality monitoring methods, while effective, are often costly and complex, limiting their widespread use. This study investigates a dual monitoring system combining passive biomonitoring with spider web silk and active measurements using portable instruments to assess airborne pollutants in urban environments. Spider webs, collected from various sites in Lahore, were analyzed for heavy metals, while portable instruments simultaneously measured PM2.5, PM10, total volatile organic contents, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide at the same locations. A spatial distribution analysis using GIS and statistical analysis revealed a pattern with significant changes as per land use in the urban environment related to anthropogenic activities. The Principal Component Analysis revealed three distinct clusters of pollutants origins consisting of: I) effluent drains and landfills, II) construction sites, and III) residential areas. The concentrations of Hg in spider silk (average ~ 2.66 mg/kg) were found to be significantly higher in the northeastern part of Lahore, with a similar trend observed in Cd, Cu, Ni, and As levels (average ~ 15.45, 102.87, 31.72, and 6.64, respectively). Several-fold changes in levels and spatial distribution of Pb (15.12 to 356.41 mg/kg) showed a higher concentration in the northern and northeastern parts of Lahore. The spatial variation pattern of Cr (average~ 57.04 mg/kg) registered a higher concentration in southwestern Lahore. Ambient air levels of measured pollutants followed almost similar patterns in spatial distribution. PM2.5 and PM10 measured higher levels (195 and 226 μg/m3, respectively) in the southwestern and northwestern areas, with a similar pattern of variation observed in TVOC (average ~ 0.14 μg/m3). The concentration of HCHO (average ~ 0.003 μg/m3) was higher in the southwest of Lahore. All measured pollutants registered higher values than air quality standards. Particulate matter is the most dominant pollutant contributing to air pollution (up to 20x higher than WHO guidelines). The findings support the use of a dual monitoring system, integrating passive spider web silk biomonitoring and active portable instruments, as a scalable and sustainable solution for air quality management. This approach holds potential for global application in diverse urban environments, with future research focusing on further validation and integration with advanced remote sensing technologies to enhance air quality monitoring and contribute to improved public health and environmental management worldwide. Hence, this research work points to the potential use of spider silk as a biomonitoring tool in combination with instrumental measurement of ambient air pollutants.

The true self in reflections? Visual self‐recognition and the Big Five

AbstractTypically, individuals are motivated to see themselves in a flattering light regarding their physical and personality characteristics. We suggest that visual self‐perception is anchored in the true self which is largely the self‐enhancing self, and may also reflect the privileged access to one's traits and internal states. Here, we examine the impact and limits of self‐enhancement motivation and egocentric bias on individuals’ recognition of variations of their portraits in terms of the Big Five personality dimensions. We predict that individuals recognise themselves better in positively altered portraits, namely, portraits looking more agreeable, conscientious and open. We also predict that self‐enhancement is anchored in reality: Individuals recognise themselves less in strongly altered than in slightly or non‐altered portraits. In Study 1, we measure the directions of self‐recognition distortions by investigating in which random variations of their portraits individuals recognise themselves. In Study 2, relying on a mouse tracking paradigm, we additionally measure the degree of distortion, and the conflict individuals experience during the self‐recognition task. Results of both studies mainly demonstrate self‐recognition distortions towards agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism. Moreover, results from Study 2 reveal that self‐recognition is anchored in reality. Findings of two studies applying different methods convergently show systematic biases in self‐recognition regarding the Big Five dimensions, both enriching understanding of the self‐enhancement processes and demonstrating that the methods applied might be useful for future research focusing on self‐recognition.

Global status of research on fertility preservation in male patients with cancer: A bibliometric and visual analysis

BackgroundRecently, male fertility preservation before cancer treatment has become more prevalent. The research in this field has progressed over time, with some studies having a major impact and providing guidance for further research. However, the trends and hotspots of research on fertility preservation in male cancer patients may have changed; exploring them is essential for relevant research progress. DesignWe extracted relevant studies from the Web of Science Core Collection database, capturing information on the countries of study, affiliations, authors, keywords, as well as co-citations of references and journals. To identify publication trends, research strengths, key subjects, prominent topics, and emerging areas, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace. ResultsWe included 3201 articles on fertility preservation in male cancer patients published over January 1999 to December 2023 were included. Although the relevant research growth rate was slow initially, the number of publications increased annually. Of all study countries, the United States, Germany, and Japan reported the earliest studies; the United States published the highest number of relevant studies. The US institutions remained at the forefront for all 25 years, and the US researcher Ashok Agarwal published the most articles. Literature co-citation analyses indicated a transformation in the study participants; they comprised a younger demographic (i.e., a large number of adolescent male patients underwent fertility preservation); moreover, fertility preservation techniques evolved from sperm cryopreservation to testicular tissue cryopreservation. Research on reproductive outcomes of sperm cryopreservation was the recent hotspot in male fertility preservation research, and the impact of immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors on male fertility requires further research. ConclusionsMale fertility preservation will be a major future research focus, with closer connections and collaborations between countries and organizations. Our results present the historical data on the development of research on male fertility preservation in cancer patients, providing relevant insights for future research and development in this study area.

A practical stakeholder-focused approach for assessing the biosecurity system in Pacific Island countries

ABSTRACT Aims: To develop a structured process for a transparent, efficient, high-level review of a low-resource biosecurity system (limited by physical infrastructure, financial, and human resources), in order to identify and prioritise key areas for future focus which could then lead to interventions, tailored by country, to improve the system. A key requirement was that the approach developed was culturally sensitive and respectful to Pasifika people within the country. Methods: Animal health and biosecurity systems need to be urgently strengthened by Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) if they are to respond to current and future threats. Understanding where additional resources should be allocated to maximise benefit and ensuring buy-in from PICT stakeholders are critical for uptake of any recommendations made. However, there is little available literature on reviewing biosecurity systems, particularly where there is a need for efficiency, simplicity, and cultural sensitivity. A framework was developed through initial in-person consultation between four New Zealand experts who had experience working in international animal health development and support programmes. This was followed by input from informal discussions with selected heads of agriculture in PICTs and included their experiences with previous system reviews, as well as general advice from experts in Pasifika culture. Foundational objectives included simplicity, local inclusivity, and a structured approach, which could be undertaken over a relatively short period of time. A rapid evidence assessment methodology was used to search the available literature (published and grey, search terms biosecurity, system, Pacific, animal, framework, and review used in AND/OR combinations), to establish an evidence base for other methods of biosecurity system review. The developed framework for review of biosecurity systems in low-resource PICTs was based on elements from expert elicitation frameworks, the SurF surveillance evaluation framework and the Performance of Veterinary Services tool from The World Organisation for Animal Health. Results: The developed framework involved bringing stakeholders together in a workshop environment and comprised up to 10 steps including mapping the PICT biosecurity system and exploring attributes of component activities. Understanding the system at a high level enables stakeholders to make informed recommendations on improvements to address future needs. Using the Delphi method, recommendations were then prioritised by stakeholders. Conclusions and clinical relevance: A distinctive difference flowing from the use of the needs analysis described in this process was the empowerment of PICT stakeholders to determine their own needs and priorities, rather than have these developed by external parties.

What enlightenment has the development of lung cancer bone metastasis brought in the last 22 years.

Lung cancer bone metastasis (LCBM) is a disease with a poor prognosis, high risk and large patient population. Although considerable scientific output has accumulated on LCBM, problems have emerged, such as confusing research structures. To organize the research frontiers and body of knowledge of the studies on LCBM from the last 22 years according to their basic research and translation, clinical treatment, and clinical diagnosis to provide a reference for the development of new LCBM clinical and basic research. We used tools, including R, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, to measure and visualize the keywords and other metrics of 1903 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection. We also performed enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses of gene expression datasets from LCBM cases worldwide. Research on LCBM has received extensive attention from scholars worldwide over the last 20 years. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have evolved into the mainstream basic and clinical research directions. The basic aspects of drug resistance mechanisms and parathyroid hormone-related protein may provide new ideas for mechanistic study and improvements in LCBM prognosis. The produced molecular map showed that ribosomes and focal adhesion are possible pathways that promote LCBM occurrence. Novel therapies for LCBM face animal testing and drug resistance issues. Future focus should centre on advancing clinical therapies and researching drug resistance mechanisms and ribosome-related pathways.

Predicting the Future Focus of Orthognathic Surgery: Outcome-Driven Planning and Treatment With Function, Esthetics, and Occlusion as Key Indicators

As we reflect on the last 7decades since the first descriptions of modern orthognathic surgery (OGS) by Trauner and Obwegeser, we ponder what the next "game-changers" will be over the upcoming decades. We certainly recognize the prior contributions of Hullihen in 1849 and others in the 1920s and 1930s, and the pioneering work of Tessier, Obwegeser, and Bell in the 1960s and 1970s. Although there have been some changes in osteotomy design, as well as the landmark game-changing introduction of rigid internal fixation in the 1970s and 1980s, many of the more recent major changes have occurred only in the past decade or 2. The use of personalized and precision medicine with virtual surgical planning, and patient-specific implants has been transformational. Certainly, there will be more advances in the realm of diagnosis, surgical techniques and protocols, biomaterials and tissue engineering, and surgeon and patient education. But, as an international group of orthognathic surgeons, we believe that the most significant "next big thing" will be a clinical and research focus on patient-oriented outcomes and an improved quality of life. This will require outcome-driven planning and treatment with function, esthetics, and occlusion as key outcome indicators. Here we identify some shared visions and objectives for OGS with the aim to delineate future advancements to enhance the care of patients with dentofacial deformities. While we have organized the sections to cover key areas, the fundamental concepts include advances in these areas: diagnosis and treatment planning (eg, imaging, virtual surgical planning, artificial intelligence, and point-of-care workflows); materials development (eg, patient-specific implant, three-dimensional printing, tissue engineering, biodegradable implants, bone cements, titanium and magnesium implants, and developmental and regenerative medicine); and patient management (eg, minimally-invasive surgery, clear aligner therapy, temporary anchorage devices, outpatient OGS, age-centered treatment, and augmented reality/virtual reality).

ZOLLINGER LAMELLA VAULT OF EXISTING TIMBER HANGARS IN ŠIBENIK (CASE STUDY) – INITIAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES

<p class="KEYWORDS" style="text-align: justify;">A preliminary condition assessment using non-destructive testing methods for determining material quality, has been carried out on three adjacent wooden hangars near Šibenik with the aim of exploring the possibilities of their repurposing. Through visual inspection and detailed geometric measurements, it has been verified that their unique structure embodies the original Zollinger lamella vault system in which the joint typology is decisive for both, the overarching structural analysis and the execution of the structure. In this paper, the results of conducted investigation, including the developed detailed geometric model are presented, and guidelines for future comprehensive research focusing on the influence of joint stiffness on global structural features are discussed, as well.</p>

Systematizing destigmatization in the context of media and communication: a systematic literature review

Destigmatization is a crucial step toward achieving societal equality. Media contribute both to the stigmatization and destigmatization of various groups. Through a systematic literature review, the present study aims to develop a comprehensive overview of destigmatization in the context of media and communication. A final sample of 79 scientific publications was analyzed and synthesized. First, a systematically derived, interdisciplinary applicable definition of destigmatization is presented. Second, an overview of factors influencing destigmatization is given, categorized into four factor groups: contact, education, language and terminology, and framing. Third, the processual character of destigmatization, referring to reflexive and rule-based processes, is discussed. This systematic literature review emphasizes the responsibility and potential positive impact of media and communication for destigmatization. The findings provide a basis for adaptation and expansion by future research focusing on various stigmatized groups and settings.

Oral Health Impact Profile in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) serves as a crucial tool in understanding the intricate relationship between oral health and systemic conditions like type 2 Diabetes. This study delves into the comparative analysis of OHIP in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, shedding light on the nuanced impact of this metabolic disorder on oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL). By scrutinising factors such as oral discomfort, functional limitations and psychological well-being, this research aims to unearth valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by diabetic individuals in maintaining optimal oral health. Such findings hold immense significance in guiding tailored interventions and enhancing holistic healthcare approaches. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 232 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Clinical examinations were conducted, and a validated Arabic version of the OHIP-14 instrument was used. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Results: In total, 232 patients with and without diabetes were included in this study. A statistically significant effect was observed amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic participants (P = 0.015). The overall OHrQoL across the seven domains of participants with diabetes was significantly lower than those without diabetes (P = 0.0001). Oral lesions were more common and showed statistically significant effects amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes have shown undesirable oral health which impacted their quality of life compared to those without diabetes. Future research focusing on developing preventive interventional strategies for diabetic patients, in addition to enhancing the awareness of oral diseases and dental care amongst those patients, is highly encouraged. Developing a standardised protocol with a unified OHrQoL instrument and methodological statistical analysis approaches that could be generalised and used worldwide periodically amongst diabetic patients may also be advocated.

Prehospital tirofiban increases the rate of disrupted myocardial infarction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the On-TIME 2 trial.

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), prehospital tirofiban significantly improved myocardial reperfusion. However, its impact on the rate of disrupted myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in the context of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays, is still unclear. The On-TIME 2 (Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial infarction Evaluation 2) trial randomly assigned STEMI patients to prehospital tirofiban or placebo before transportation to a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centre. In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated STEMI patients that underwent primary PCI and had measured hs-cTn levels. Troponin T levels were collected at 18-24 and 72-96 h after PCI. Disrupted MI was defined as peak hs-cTn T levels ≤ 10 times the upper limit of normal (≤140 ng/L). Out of 786 STEMI patients, 47 (6%) had a disrupted MI. Disrupted MI occurred in 31 of 386 patients (8.0%) in the tirofiban arm and in 16 of 400 patients (4.0%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.026). After multivariate adjustment, prehospital tirofiban remained independently associated with disrupted MI (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.10-3.87; P = 0.027). None of the patients with disrupted MI died during the 1-year follow-up, compared with a mortality rate of 2.6% among those without disrupted MI. Among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, the use of prehospital tirofiban was independently associated with a higher rate of disrupted MI. These results, highlighting a potential benefit, underscore the need for future research focusing on innovative pre-treatment approaches that may increase the rate of disrupted MI.

Recent development of substrates for immobilization of bimetallic nanoparticles for wastewater treatment: a review.

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable catalytic properties, making them invaluable in wastewater treatment applications. One of these challenges lies in the propensity of BMNPs to aggregate due to Van der Waals interactions, which can reduce their overall performance. Additionally, retrieving exhausted NPs from the treated solution for subsequent reuse remains a significant hurdle. Moreover, the leaching of NPs into the discharged wastewater can have harmful effects on humans as well as aquatic life. To overcome these issues, various substrates have been researched to maximize the efficiency and stability of the NPs. This review paper delves into the pivotal role of various substrates in immobilizing BMNPs, providing a comprehensive analysis of their performances, advantages, and drawbacks. The substrates encompass a diverse range of materials, including organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic, beads, fibers, and membranes. Each substrate type offers unique attributes, influencing the stability, efficiency, and recyclability of BMNPs. This review paper aims to provide an up-to-date and detailed analysis and comparison of the substrates used for the immobilization of BMNPs. This work further reviews the underlying mechanisms of the composites involved in treating pollutants from wastewater and how these mechanisms are enhanced by the synergistic effects produced by the substrate and BMNPs. Furthermore, the reusability and sustainability of these composites are discussed. Also, high-performing substrates are highlighted to give direction to future research focusing on the immobilization of BMNPs in the application of wastewater treatment.

Analysis of sediment sources and sinks based on the RUSLE model and sediment delivery ratio model

AbstractSediment sources and sinks are an effective reflection of the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in a watershed. However, human interference has made the sediment transport process in watersheds more complex. Research that distinguishes hillslopes and channels to reveal changes in sediment sources and sinks within a watershed and the relationships with key driving factors requires strengthening. In this study, the characteristics of sediment sources and sinks on hillslopes in the Mahuyu watershed, located on the Loess Plateau, were simulated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model and hillslope sediment delivery ratio model. Furthermore, variations in channel scour and siltation at the event scale were analysed based on the simulated hillslope sediment yield and measured sediment yield at the outlet station. Additionally, the principal hydrological driving factors affecting the sediment yield at the outlet were explored. The results show that 66 sediment yield events occurred in the Mahuyu watershed during the period 2006–2018, and channel sediment yield has emerged as the leading contributor to the watershed sediment yield, accounting for a minimum of 69.8%. There is also a marked decoupling between hillslope sediment yield and watershed sediment yield in the Mahuyu watershed. Furthermore, the maximum daily average streamflow is identified as the critical driving factor responsible for determining the watershed sediment yield, indicated by a coefficient of determination of 0.850. Therefore, we recommend that the future focus of soil and water conservation measures should be shifted from hillslopes to channels.

Proteomic and metabolic analysis of Moorella thermoacetica-g-C3N4 nanocomposite system for artificial photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis by microbe-semiconductor biohybrid systems has been demonstrated as a valuable strategy in providing sustainable energy and in carbon fixation. However, most of the developed biohybrid systems for light harvesting employ heavy metal materials, especially cadmium sulfide (CdS), which normally cause environmental pollution and restrict the widespread of the systems. Herein, we constructed an environmentally friendly biohybirid system based on a typical acetogenic bacteria, Moorella thermoacetica, coupling with a carbon-based semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), to realize light-driven carbon fixation. The proposed biohybrid system displayed outstanding acetate productivity with a quantum yield of 2.66 ± 0.43 %. Non-targeted proteomic analysis indicated that the physiological activity of the bacteria was improved, coupling with the non-toxic material. We further proposed the mechanisms of energy generation, electron transfer and CO2 fixation of the irradiated biohybrid system by proteomic and metabolomic characterization. With the photoelectron generated in g-C3N4 under illumination, CO2 is finally converted to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). Other associated pathways were also proved to be activated, providing extra energy or substrates for acetate production. The study reveals that the future focus of the development of biohybrid systems for light harvesting can be on the metal-free biocompatible material, which can activate the expression of the key enzymes involved in the electron transfer and carbon metabolism under light irradiation.

Mutation profiles and outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia with autoimmune disease.

6536 Background: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) defines a group of patients who develop AML after being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Most of these patients have a history of malignancy, but some have exposure to cytotoxic therapy for non-cancerous conditions such as autoimmune diseases (AD). This study looked at the characteristics, genetics, and outcomes of patients with AD and AML. Methods: This study included patients diagnosed with AML from 1999 - 2019. AML was divided into 4 groups: de novo AML, AD- AML (AML after AD diagnosis), t-AML (excluding AD-AML), secondary AML (s-AML) (AML arising out of myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm). All molecular data were obtained via next generation sequencing (NGS) of genes frequently observed to be mutated in AML and analyzed using Chi-square test. BUM method was used to control false-discovery rate (FDR) at 8%. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log rank test. Results: A total of 1587 pts were included: 10.1% (n=160) with AD-AML, 71.3% (n=1131) de novo AML, 13.1% sAML (n=208) and 5.6% t-AML (n=88). The median age at diagnosis was 54.5 years; 54% were male; 67.3% received intensive induction therapy (Intensive defined as a 7+3 regimen). Cytogenetic (CG) data were available for 97.3% pts. According to MRC 2010 classification, CG were favorable in 14%, intermediate in 57%, and poor in 28% of the pts. The most prevalent AD were Crohn's/ulcerative colitis (n=30, 17%) and rheumatoid arthritis (n=23, 13%); 10.6% of pts had 2 disorders. In AD-AML group, the median age at diagnosis of first AD was 53 years; the median interval from AD diagnosis to AML was 82.5 months (mo); the majority of pts (56.25%) did not receive treatment (not including steroids) for their AD; 23.8% of pts were treated with immunomodulating agents, 23.1% with cytotoxic agents and 15% with anti-inflammatory agents; 20.1% received ≥ 2 drug classes. Poor risk CG were more common in AD-AML than in de novo AML (30% vs. 12.2%, p<.0001). Mutations in NF1 were more common in AD-AML (9.7%) than in de novo (2.7%), sAML (1.0%), and t-AML (2.7%, p=0.024). FLT3 mutations were less common in AD-AML (9.5%) than in de novo (36.1%) and t-AML (33.3%, p=0.004). Mutations in SRSF2 were more common in AD-AML (20.3%) than in de novo (12.3%) and sAML (8.8%, p=0.119). Median PFS varied among de novo (8 mo), AD-AML (6 mo) and t-AML (5 mo) groups. For the AD-AML grp, the median OS was 9 months; less than the de novo AML (11 mo), and greater than t-AML (6 mo) and sAML (6 mo, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Patients with AML and a prior history of AD have CG profile and outcomes similar to those with t-AML but with distinct molecular features (i.e. NF1 and SRSF2). These findings need to be validated in large series; however, they suggest that the MAPK signaling pathway as well as spliceosome inhibitors might be a future focus of investigation in pts with AD-AML.

Knowledge mapping of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS): A bibliometrics analysis

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, with a rapidly evolving body of literature on disease-modifying therapy (DMT) that urgently needs to be synthesized and regularized. MethodsThe original material used for the analysis was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) in the Science Citation Index Expanded Edition (SCI-E). The data material was accessed through VOSviewer, Citespace, R package “Bibliometrix”, and Scimago Graphica for data analysis and visualization. Among them, the clustering algorithm based on the Largest Likelihood Ratio (LLR) and the burst citation algorithm is the key. ResultsAs of November 6th, 2022, 4142 publications related to emerging disease-modifying therapies (e-DMT) for MS, 6521 publications related to traditional disease-modifying therapies (t-DMT) for MS, and 1793 publications in cross-cutting disease-modifying therapies (I-DMT) for MS were included in the analysis, respectively. Publications related to DMT in MS were analyzed descriptively (for three subjects: country, institution, and author) and predictively (for two subjects: keywords and references) separately according to three sections: e-DMT, t-DMT, and I-DMT. Topics that still have relevant reference output as of 2022 include the safety of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination, therapeutic inertia (TI), cladribine tablets, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), progressive multiple sclerosis, and pediatric multiple sclerosis. ConclusionThe future research focus for MS DMT is the combination trial or cross-trial of various treatment methods to improve the development of individualized treatment plans for MS patients. The exact contents of the research frontiers are included but not limited to ocrelizumab, fingolimod and other monoclonal antibodies, fumaric acid ester, cladribine tablet, aHSCT, and other interventions of randomized controlled trials (RCTs); the impact of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination on MS patients; TI, patient adherence, and other medical management issues; and continued exploration of biomarkers for more accurate disease classification based on the existing clinical indication classification.

Parents’ View of Child-Friendly Cities Initiative: The Case of Mersin

This study is about the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative, which was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in Türkiye. A child-friendly city is a concept that responds to the needs of children, who represent the future of cities, to develop healthily, to feel happy and free, and to develop physically, mentally, and socially in the city they live in. Child-Friendly Cities Initiative started in 10 municipalities in 2014, to intervene in the difficulties faced by disadvantaged children and adolescents in urban areas in Türkiye. In this study, the situation in Mersin, which was within the scope of the project in 2014-2015, is discussed from the parent's perspective. Six parents living in Mersin are included in the scope of the research. Parents' awareness and satisfaction levels, together with their expectations, regarding the child-friendly city project carried out in the city are measured through in-depth interviews. Five main objectives of the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative are determined as a framework for preparing the interview questions. These goals are (1) the right of children to enjoy basic facilities such as health, education, and nutrition, (2) the right to be heard, (3) the right to be valued, respected, and treated fairly, (4) the right to be safe, and (5) the right to spend quality time with family, have free time and play games. The data is analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings showed that most of the parents were not aware of the child-friendly city project carried out in partnership with the municipality and UNICEF in Mersin, but they could still define Mersin as a “child-friendly city”. Parents' expectations from similar projects in the future focus on health, education, nutrition, and security components. Keywords: child-friendly cities initiative, children's rights, Mersin, Türkiye

Future for cardiogenic shock research.

To discuss future research themes and study design in cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock research faces multiple challenges, hindering progress in understanding and treating this life-threatening condition. Cardiogenic shock's heterogeneous nature poses challenges in patient selection for clinical trials, potentially leading to variability in treatment responses and outcomes. Ethical considerations arise due to the acuity and severity of the condition, posing challenges in obtaining informed consent and conducting randomized controlled trials where time to treatment is pivotal. This review discusses research in this area focusing on the importance of phenotyping patients with cardiogenic shock, based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and unravel new molecular mechanisms using proteomics and metabolomics. Further, the future research focus in mechanical circulatory support and targeting inflammation is reviewed. Finally, newer trial designs including adaptive platform trials are discussed.