Furniture Elements Research Articles

Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating

Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating. Lignocellulose board materials are commonly used for furniture construction. Typically, these are particle boards, fibreboard or plywood with thicknesses from 10 to 20 mm, however, some furniture elements are made of thin boards with a thickness of 3-4 mm (back walls, bottoms of drawers and others). Modern furniture uses built-in components that are a source of heat, such as lamps, power supplies, ovens. Local high temperature may negatively affect the shape stability of thin lignocellulose plates. The aim of the research described in this article was to determine the impact of shortterm exposure to high temperature on the dimensional stability of selected thin plate furniture materials. Four different HDF boards with nominal thicknesses of 3 mm and four different plywood boards with nominal thicknesses of 2 to 4 mm were tested. The test samples were subjected to a short-term exposure to temperatures of up to 250°C. As a result of the tests, it was found that HDF boards are characterized by a much higher shape stability at elevated temperature than boards made of plywood.

Medium density boards made of groundwood fibres: an analysis of their mechanical and physical properties

The use of stone groundwood (SGW) pulp in paper manufacturing has constantly decreased in the last decades due to the increasing recycling of paper. The production capacity for SGW fibres is however still available in many paper mills, which could be exploited for alternative applications, like for example medium density fibreboards (MDF). Thin SGW MDF of 800 kg/m3 in density, 2 mm in thickness and bonded with polydiphenilmethan-4,4′-diisocyanate (PMDI) or urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesives were produced with varying resin contents, raw fibres moisture content and hot-pressing parameters. Their mechanical characteristics, dimensional stability and optical properties were investigated and compared to MDF made of coarser Asplund fibres. SGW MDF bonded with PMDI adhesive showed higher internal bonding (IB = 1.5–2.6 N/mm2), lower thickness swelling (TS = 22–24%) and whiter surfaces (distance from white E = 28–30) than Asplund MDF (IB = 1.3, TS = 42%, E = 42). The possible development of covalent links between SGW fibres and PMDI adhesive was indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bending properties of SGW MDF remained however inferior to Asplund MDF. SGW MDF might represent a suitable product for non-load bearing applications requiring low moisture susceptibility and the possibility for surface decoration, for example flooring and furniture elements.

Mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde demonte tipi bağlantı elemanlarının moment kapasitesine etkileri

Bu çalışmada, mobilya köşe birleştirmelerinde kullanılan demonte tipi bağlantı elemanlarının moment kapasitesine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deney örnekleri ahşap esaslı kompozit levhalardan, sentetik reçinelerle kaplanmış yonga levha (YL-Lam) ve lif levhalardan (MDF-Lam) hazırlanmıştır. Bağlantı elemanı olarak metal L, plastik T, metal T ve ay bağlantı elemanı olmak üzere dört farklı bağlantı elemanı kullanılmıştır. Deney örnekleri, kullanımları sırasında etkisinde kalabilecekleri kritik yükler göz önüne alınarak statik yük altında basma ve çekme deneyine tabi tutulmuştur. Deney sonuçlarına göre, diyagonal basma deneyinde moment taşıma kapasitesi değeri; bağlantı elemanı çeşidine göre en yüksek değer, metal L bağlantı elemanı ile birleştirilen deney örneklerinde, en düşük değer ise Ay bağlantı elemanında tespit edilmiştir. Ahşap esaslı kompozit levha-bağlantı elemanı tipi ikili etkileşimlerindeki diyagonal çekmede, en yüksek değer MDF-Lam ile metal L bağlantı elemanı hazırlanan deney örneklerinde, en düşük değer ise YL-Lam ile ay bağlantı elemanı ile hazırlanan örneklerde tespit edilmiştir Bu veriler ışığında, mobilya elemanları köşe birleştirmelerinde MDF-Lam malzemesi ile metal L bağlantı elemanı kombinasyonu uygulanabilir.

Waste materials superuse and upcycling in architecture: design and experimentation

The research programme on the implementation of circular economy in the built environment, whose urgency is acknowledged both at national and at EU level, works on two complementary approaches: reuse ( superuse ) and recycling ( upcycling ). The first, theoretical and applied to a pilot case, is one of the first attempts to transpose to Italy the waste materials scouting and harvest mapping process as part of the design project. The second, with the start-up Atlante Inerti Project, which, with EIT funds, experiments an original use of recycled aggregates for the production of urban furniture elements with additive 3D printing and prefabrication of vibration compressed concrete, developing mixes with convincing performances of interest for further applications in the building industry.

Experimental validation of the age-of-the-air CFD analysis: A case study

People spend most of their time indoors, thus maintaining a good indoor air quality (IAQ) is essential. To this end, one of the most effective methods to follow is the design of efficient ventilation; for this, the study of the local mean age of air (LMA) parameter is necessary. The objective of this research was to assess the influence of the presence of furniture, through validation of the numerical model CFD. The latter was implemented to calculate LMA in a room with two different furniture arrangements. Prior research on LMA calculation according to the arrangement of the furniture within an enclosure is not found in the literature. The tracer gas concentration decay method was used to develop the experimental analysis. The concordance between the data from the experimentation with those obtained in the numerical analysis was assessed. A greater difference was found in the values of the case with more furniture elements, although there was good agreement. In this study, the influence of the geometry of both the space and the furniture, and its arrangement in the room, on the efficiency of ventilation is shown.

Study of visual evaluations for Ming-style furniture-A case study of Ming official hat chair

First, focus group research method is used to deconstruct the design elements of Ming-style furniture, and extract image vocabulary in this study. And then the questionnaire about the image and preference of Ming-style furniture were compiled using the method of Semantic Differential. Finally, method of Quantification Theory Type I is applied to analyze and deal with the survey data.This study was aimed to investigate the visual evaluations of the official hat chair, and analyze the correlation between user image feelings and furniture elements. It proposed the combination of furniture design elements accord with user Image perception, and provided references, methods and basis for furniture design in the future.

Thematic Interior at the Indischetafel Café As a Media for Forming Bandung Tempo Dulu’s Athmosphere

Abstract The interior elements designed in a specific theme are aimed to shape the character, perception and space atmosphere. In Bandung, culinary facilities that carry the theme of the old-style interior design of Dutch East Indies are quite popular. This study aims to contribute guidance in creating the quality of space by applying the selection of decoration and furniture elements (moveableinterior elements) and the arrangement of walls, floors and ceilings (unmoveableinterior elements).This study applies case study research methods, discussion analysis uses descriptive analysis method and direct observation to Indischetafel café. The result of this study is to examine aspects of interior element arrangement in the Indischetafel café in bringing the atmosphere of Bandung Tempo Dulu.Keywords: thematic interior, interior elements, Bandung space atmosphere First Tempo

Comparative Analysis for the Pre-School Institutions in Municipality of Centre with Modern Tendencies in Designing and Articulations of Specific Interventions in Space as A Result of the Psycho-Physical Needs By The Children

Main subject for the research in this paper are the pre-school object/buildings in the Municipality of Centre, where throughout comparative analysis we get concrete solutions for improving the psycho-physical needs by the pre-school children. With proper space organization and proper use and heat comfort which is key condition for unspoiled development of all functions set by the needs of the children.
 Playrooms as central rooms in the pre-school buildings, where all the functions of the children during the day are carried out, are subjected to a major articulation and specific interventions. With proper conception of the inner space in the building and use of proper equipment, the play room will be transformed in a place where the children will have healthy and adequate growth and development.
 The use of furniture which is suitable to the proportions of the pre-school children has key influence for proper body development of the children. Therefore in this paper I used anthropometric analysis to the pre-school children, where throughout the relevant figures we can fulfil proper projection of the furniture elements which are used in pre-school institutions.

Modeling of the Energy Consumption for Warming up of Furniture Elements during their Unilateral Convective Heating before Lacquering

Abstract A mathematical model and a numerical approach for the computation of the specific energy consumption, which is needed for warming up of flat furniture elements before their lacquering, have been suggested. The approach is based on the integration of the solutions of a non-linear model for the calculation of the nonstationary 1D temperature distribution along the thickness of subjected to unilateral convective heating furniture elements. With the help of a self-prepared software program, computations have been carried out for the determination of the change in the specific energy, which is consumed by oak furniture elements with an initial temperature of 20 °C, moisture content of 8 %, thickness of 16 mm, and length of 0.6 m, 1.2 m, and 1.8 m, during their 10 min unilateral convective heating by hot air with temperature of 100 °C and velocity of 5 m·s−1.

The Application of Selected Network Methods for Reliable and Safe Transport by Small Commercial Vehicles

Abstract In the article are characterized two network methods (critical path method - CPM and program evaluation and review technique - PERT). On the example of an international furniture company’s product, it presented the exemplification of methods to transport cargos (furniture elements). Moreover, the study showed diagrams for transportation of cargos from individual components’ producers to the final destination - the showroom. Calculations were based on the transportation of furniture elements via small commercial vehicles.

Custom design of furniture elements by fused filament fabrication

Additive manufacturing technologies enable rapid prototyping of different parts, according to the three-dimensional model software solution. This paper presents some aspects of fused deposition modeling technology and its application in the wood industry. The fused deposition modeling technology was initially developed for three-dimensional printing of plastic parts, whereas acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid plastics filament are commonly applied. Possibilities for application of different composites with fused deposition modeling in the wood industry are reviewed and presented in this paper. Several industrial applications were considered also, from aspects of material durability, mechanical strength, low cost, and customization. Directions of further research have been discussed, considering graphene and carbon nanotubes as composite reinforcement materials and bio-organic composites with wooden particles or fibers mixed into the polymer matrix. Development of new composites for use with the fused deposition modeling technology is promising area taking into account that new low-cost extruders are already commercially available, as a support to fused deposition modeling device. Three-dimensional printing is very convenient for investigation of different custom-made composite materials, as well as custom shapes of final parts, starting from powders, their mixing, drawing of composite material filament, which are further used for three-dimensional printing with solidification and fabrication of custom-made products. New composites for fused deposition modeling, made of wood and plastic combinations were experimentally investigated for use as functional and customized elements of furniture. Obtained results strongly indicated that both new composite materials and fused deposition modeling printing can be efficiently used for broad customization from aspects of material properties and product shapes, thus enabling low-cost fabrication of small series of complex furniture elements, especially fixtures or clamp tools.

Development of snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composite chair

The natural fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in many applications and emerging as a replacement for wood materials. The wood is a main component for making chairs, tables, and various furniture elements. The snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composites chair is fabricated and is used to replace the usage of wood chair for commercial application. The mechanical properties such as flexural and compressive and the water absorption at various time periods have been analyzed. These properties are compared with SAL wood and the inferences are discussed. The preparation and material cost of the composites are compared with SAL wood chair. The composite chair have higher mechanical properties and lower cost for fabrication compared to SAL wood chair. The total weight of composites chair is lower than wood. Hence, snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composites might replace SAL wood and other wood chairs and save trees, which in turn helps in reducing global warming.

Radar signatures of furniture elements

Through-the-wall radar (TTWR) systems designed for detecting, locating, and tracking humans are plagued by harsh clutter scenarios caused by the variety and abundance of furniture elements within the antenna’s field of view. This paper investigates the signatures of indoor clutter using radar cross section (RCS) and linear depolarization ratios to implement clutter suppression algorithms. The paper focuses on the analysis of common individual and composite pieces of indoor clutter for TTWR. The characterization of the wideband spectral properties of indoor clutter elements is accomplished using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. Using FDTD, the spectral characteristics of clutter elements are obtained over a wide range of frequencies, different polarizations, and aspect angles.We compare and contrast the RCS responses between the different objects for analysis and use in TTWR. RCS results obtained from the simulations are compared to experimental data using a network analyzer and reasonable agreement is obtained. Clutter signatures are also compared to those of humans in order to design appropriate waveforms for maximizing the signal-to-clutter ratio in TTWR systems.

STUDY OF INTERNAL NOISE SOURCES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND REDUCTION METHODS

This paper focuses on the study of internal noise sources in residential buildings and their control measures without resorting to highly complex or expensive methods. Sound levels from most significant noise sources inside dwellings were measured at different frequencies. The effect of furniture elements such as curtains or carpets on noise levels was also measured.The paper then concluded to several solutions to minimize the sound level of these sources and to contain their effect on residents taking in account the technical, economical and architectural capabilities of Egyptian cities

An Analysis of a Method of Asymmetrical Veneering for Furniture Elements, Veneered with Bamboo Mats

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the application of glue, creating an elastic glue-line, on the deformation of wood-based panels asymmetrically veneered on one side with bamboo. The geometrical stability comparisons included multilayer composites used in the production of sliding doors, medium density fibreboard (MDF) panels, and chipboard used in the production of furniture. Chipboard panels retained their shape and stability after asymmetrical veneering, no matter which direction the veneer was placed in relation to the long edge. MDF boards retained their shape and stability only when they were veneered crosswise. The worst results were attained from composite boards, which bent in every case.

SoundMap: A mobile app for optimizing room acoustics and speaker placement

Improving room acoustics can be expensive and time consuming, even for the most experienced acousticians. SoundMap ™ is a user friendly app that can be used to easily model rooms based upon acoustic properties. A combination of the method of images, ray tracing, and modal analysis will be used to calculate steady state levels for different frequency bands in a room. The modeling will also take several other factors into account, including the room impulse response, absorption coefficients of boundary materials, furniture, and other room elements. The model will incorporate generic loudspeaker systems, with the future design goal of integrating specific loudspeaker systems. Through a contour plot, the user will be able to test the effects of loudspeaker location, loudspeaker type, room layout, and room materials, with the aim of optimizing the listening experience.

Manufacturing technical differences employing raw earth at the protohistoric site of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Tarragona, Spain): Construction and furniture elements

This paper presents the results of an ongoing micromorphological investigation that aims at identifying the use of raw earth during the protohistoric period in the NE region of the Iberian Peninsula at the Early Iron Age site of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Tarragona, Spain). The current manufactured raw earth elements (mainly composed of sun-dried mixed clays, sands, gravels and vegetal components) have been analyzed. This preliminary research has been integrated into a typological classification that could improve understanding of the manufacturing methods, use and postdepositional processes that might have taken place in Sant Jaume. The emerging patterns suggest that two different techniques were used in manufacture: 1) furniture elements (e.g. boxes and containers) and 2) construction elements (those inherent to the structure of the building: e.g. ceilings, shelves).

Evaluation of the compatibility between low pressure melamine (LPM) film printing substrates and inkjet inks

Surface coated wood-based panels play a major role in the forest products industry as materials for construction and furniture elements in numerous interior and exterior applications. Their most important feature besides appropriate mechanical performance and chemical durability is an appealing visual appearance. In this contribution, recent research on the compatibility between two UV-curable inks and different melamine formaldehyde based surface films is presented. The surface texture properties of the printing substrates were investigated by roughness measurements. Substrate surface free energy was measured by contact angle measurements using three different testing liquids covering a wide range of polarities (glycerol, ethylene glycol and diiodomethane). The physical shape of the inkjet ink drops which were placed on the LPM printing substrates was monitored and recorded over time and used as an indicator for the wetting behavior of the tested inks and hence the printability. By combining contact angle and pendant drop measurements the surface tension of the inks was determined. The theoretical findings were confirmed by technological printing tests. To this end, as a hands-on method to establish ink-substrate wetting and compatibility flow coating tests were run and the most suitable ink was selected for printing. The printing results were closely related to the surface properties of the printing substrates.

아파트 단위주호 개발에서 선택사양 구성을 위한 기초연구

The purposes of this study are to understand residents' needs in regard to living space and to suggest how to provide layout options for the infill, based on their needs, so that the residents can change their living space to suit their own need. This study analyzed residents' needs in terms of living spaces through literature reviews on apartment remodeling and related previous studies. The results are as follows: First, the residents remodeled the various infill, and remodeling works are then classified into five infill groups according to the flexible features: 1) structural elements, such as flooring, ceilings, interior walls, and windows/doors; 2) equipment elements, such as lighting and electricity, electrical wiring, heating arrangements, and water supply & drainage systems: 3) finishing material elements, such as finishing materials for floors, walls, and ceilings, skirting boards, moldings, and art walls; 4) furniture elements, such as built-in wardrobes, storage closets, and kitchen cabinets; and 5) bathroom facility elements such as faucets and sinks. Second, based on the remodeling features, four ways to provide options can be suggested. 1) options are provided for each room; 2) options are provided in connection with structural elements; 3) options are provided for each finishing material element; and 4) options are provided with the combinations of different bathroom facilities.

Bonding strengths of poly(vinyl acetate), Desmodur-VTKA, phenol–formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde adhesives in wood materials impregnated with Vacsol Azure

This study has been performed to determine the impacts of Vacsol Azure (VA) on the bonding strength of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), Desmodur-VTKA (D-VTKA), urea–formaldehyde (UF) and phenol–formaldehyde (PF) adhesives on some impregnated wood materials. To this end, the test samples prepared from Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky), European oak ( Quercus petraea Liebl.), Scotch pine ( Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), European linden ( Tilia cordata) and Lombardy poplar ( Populus nigra Lipsky) woods materials were treated with Vacsol Azure by the Vac–Vac double vacuum impregnation process of ASTM D 1413 standards and directions of the manufacturer. After impregnation, bonding strength test (based on BS EN 205) was applied on both sanded connection surfaces jointed by PVAc, D-VTKA, UF and PF adhesives. Consequently, in the interaction of the impregnated wood materials and adhesive types, the highest bonding strength was obtained in Oriental beech + PVAc (9.707 N mm −2) and the lowest was obtained in Lombardy poplar + UF (3.758 N mm −2). In consequence, in the massive constructions and furniture elements that the bonding strength after the impregnation with Vacsol Azure is of great concern, bonding with PVAc of Oriental beech wood materials could be recommended.