Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior Research Articles

FIRO-B and situational leadership model: A correlational context of Middle Eastern business leadership

The study is about the dimensions of interpersonal needs and aspects of leadership behaviour. It was a correlational study and used a standardized fundamental interpersonal relations orientation-behaviour (FIRO-B) and situational leadership questionnaire. The study was conducted over a period of 4 months and had drawn 200 respondents from the three levels of administration in an organisation’s hierarchy from different firms in the UAE chosen randomly. The main tool of data collection was a structured questionnaire whose acceptability rate was 0.76 as per Cronbach’s alpha. The research questions translated into objectives that guided the study were four, these were to find out directing related to FIRO-B parameters, to establish the relationship between coaching and FIRO-B parameters, to find out how supporting relates to FIRO-B parameters and establish how delegating is related to FIRO-B parameters. The findings were that directing has a near-perfect positive correlation with expressed control (EC) and wanted control (WC) (0.99). Coaching had a high correlation with WC (0.89). Supporting highly correlation with both expressed affection (EA) and wanted inclusion (WI) (0.99 and 0.88). Delegating had a very strong positive correlation with expressed inclusion (EI) (0.99) and a low positive correlation with EA (0.17). It concluded that different leadership dimensions correlate with FIRO-B elements at different levels

Gender characteristics of interpersonal relations and aggression of adolescents in rural schools

The problem of aggressive behavior in adolescents is not new to psychological science. However, in a transitional society, it requires constant monitoring. At the same time, the rural school is of interest due to the relative isolation and limited number of subjects of interaction. The purpose of this study was to study the specifics of aggressive reactions and types of attitudes towards people in rural school adolescents of different sexes. The study involved students from rural schools, in the amount of 100 people aged 14-16 years (M = 15.3; SD = 1.2; 47% men). The following methods were used: Bass-Darki questionnaire (adaptation by A.A. Khvan, Yu.A. Zaitsev, Yu.A. Kuznetsova.), Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation - Behavior (FIRO-B) (W. Schutz, adaptation by A.A. Rukavishnikov), as well as statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test). It was found that in the group of boys, physical aggression and resentment are more pronounced; girls are characterized by higher verbal aggression and feelings of guilt. Boys are also characterized by a high need for affection, and girls demonstrate a pronounced need for control over others. Prospects for the study consist in the subsequent analysis of the factors that determine the emergence of various aggressive and hostile reactions in adolescents, a comparison of rural and urban adolescents, as well as the characteristics of interpersonal relations in their relationship with the individual typological and gender characteristics of adolescents. The research results can be useful in organizing psychological support for adolescents in rural schools.

An Empirical Study on Employee Health and FIRO-B Relationship

The Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) instrument was created in the late 1950s by William Schutz. He developed the FIRO-B theory to aid in the understanding and predicting of how high-performance military teams would work together. This article focus on deterioration of employee's health due to the poor relationship among employees. Convenience sampling techniques is used to collect data for the analysis. The study shows the importance of FIRO B relationship among the employees.

The structural relationship between the basic psychological needs, fundamental interpersonal relations orientation behavior, and psychological well-being of medical students

본 연구는 의대생을 대상으로 기본적 심리욕구, 대인관계 지향성, 심리적 안녕감 간의 관련성과 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인 간의 구조적 관계를 분석하였다. 2017년 11월 수도권, 경상권, 전라권에 위치한 3개 대학에 재학 중인 의과대학의 의예과 1학년 학생 155명을 대상으로 하였다. 기본적 심리욕구 검사(17문항), 대인관계 지향성...

Role of Emotional Intelligence in Managing Interpersonal Relations at Workplace in the IT Sector

The purpose of the present article is to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in managing interpersonal relations at workplace in the IT sector of India. Based on the facts obtained from the literature review, the article aims to establish a relationship between the variables of emotional intelligence and their corresponding effect on interpersonal relations which consists of parameters namely the need for inclusion, control and affection. The article initially explores emotional intelligence and interpersonal relations and thereafter specifically finds out the relationship between the variables involved. Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behaviour (FIRO-B) instrument and Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test have been used to explore the relationship. The article uses the sample of 81 employees that covered most of the major IT companies with the same size, structure, practises and environment in order to get a uniform respondent set. The age of the respondents varied from 21 to 29 years of age and the work experience varied from 6 months to as high as 5 years. From the analysis done in the study it can be suggested that emotional intelligence plays a significant role in managing and maintaining the healthy relations at workplace in the IT sector.

외로움이 SNS 중독 경향성에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 대인관계 지향성의 조절 효과

The purpose of this study is twofold: One, to investigate the effects of loneliness on the addiction to Social Network Sites (SNS), and two, to evaluate the moderating effect of interpersonal relations orientation on the relationship between loneliness and SNS addiction. We also examined whether the effect differed between female and male college students. The SNS addiction questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness scale, and Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) scale were conducted on 295 college students (age M=23.05, SD=2.69; male=143, female=152) via an online survey. Based on this data, the effect of loneliness on SNS addiction and the moderating effect of interpersonal relations orientation were analyzed. The result showed that loneliness and interpersonal relations orientation had a significantly positive association with SNS addiction in both male and female students. However, the effect of loneliness on SNS addiction was stronger in males than in females, and the moderating effect of interpersonal relations orientation on the relationship between loneliness and SNS addiction was significant only in female students. The effect of loneliness on SNS addiction was stronger in female SNS users with higher interpersonal relations orientation. These results suggest that lonely people with higher interpersonal relations orientation might be more vulnerable to SNS addiction. Furthermore, the gender difference in this study suggests that different mechanisms may underlie SNS addiction in females and males. Therefore, the relationship between loneliness and interpersonal relations orientation, as well as gender difference, should be considered in efforts to minimize SNS addiction.

Cross-cultural adjustment and fundamental interpersonal relations orientation behaviour (FIRO-B)

Purpose – Expatriate workforces are growing as a result of globalisation and the considerable cost associated with expatriation is a strong incentive to identify which employees are most likely to adjust to the host nation. One area relevant to cross-cultural adjustment is interpersonal needs. The theory of fundamental interpersonal relations orientation as measured by the fundamental interpersonal relations orientation-behaviour (FIRO-B) may offer insights as to the relationship between interpersonal needs and cross-cultural adjustment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 180 paper and pencil measures of the FIRO-B and expatriate adjustment scales (general, work, and interaction) were distributed via informed international associates and convenience and snowball sampling. In total, 112 expatriates from the UK (44 percent), South Africa (22 percent), India (20 percent), and other nations (14 percent) returned completed questionnaires. Findings – Expatriates with higher levels of wanted affection were higher on all subscales of cross-cultural adjustment. Those who wanted and expressed the need for inclusion were significantly higher in interaction adjustment while those who expressed and wanted control were less adjusted to work. Research limitations/implications – The cross-sectional design limits the extent to which these findings can be interpreted as causal and the small sample size may limit the generalisability of the findings and common method via self-report may also inflate inter-relationship. However, the underlying theoretical premise would strongly support the hypothesised directional relationships in the normal population. A number of factors beyond the scope of this study may play a fundamental role including cultural similarity. Practical implications – Whilst not predictive, and acknowledging that environmental factors may vary, these results give an indication that interpersonal needs are related to successful adjustment in expatriates. As such these findings could be used to help inform the recruitment and training of expatriates in areas of interpersonal interaction taking into consideration intrapersonal needs. Originality/value – No study to date has explored the inter-relationship between the interpersonal needs and expatriate adjustment. This is the first paper to do so and identify that there is a significant association between expatriate’s motives for interaction and their level of cross-cultural adjustment.

Operation of a school adaptation program considering the interpersonal needs of medical freshmen

We examined two overarching topics: What are the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores in medical students? Do their interpersonal needs correlate with stress and depression? FIRO-B, PSS-10, and SDS were administered to 82 freshmen in College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea in 2014. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency, two-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp.). The level of interpersonal needs was medium range (mean, 24.52). The mean perceived stress score was 18.6. Also, 59.8% and 40.2% of students had normal range (<20) and high stress (≥20). The mean score for depression was 36.3. Further, 97.6% and 2.4% of students had normal range (≤49) and mild depression (≤59). Wanted behavior correlated with stress (r=0.056) and depression (r=0.021). Expressed behavior correlated negatively with stress (r=-0.206) and depression (r=-0.301). The interpersonal needs of medical freshmen are related to stress and depression. These results can be used effectively in school adaptation programs for medical students to improve their quality of life.

The characteristics of medical students' personality types and interpersonal needs

Medical students' personality types and interpersonal needs must be considered. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of personality types and interpersonal needs. A total of 171 students in Konyang University College of Medicine were examined using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B). The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, and one-sample proportion test. The proportion of the 4 pairs of MBTI dimensions were Extroversion (E)-Introversion (I) (53.2% vs. 46.8%), Sensing (S)-Intuition (N) (63.2% vs. 36.8%), Thinking (T)-Feeling (F) (59.7% vs. 40.4%), and Judging (J)-Perceiving (P) (56.1% vs. 43.9%). The predominant personality types were ISTJ (16.4%), ESTJ (14.0%), and ESFJ (10.5%). The level of interpersonal needs were medium rage that was inclusion (mean=8.1), control (mean=8.8), affection (mean=8.1), expressed behavior (mean=12.1), wanted behavior (mean=12.9), and overall interpersonal needs (mean=25.0). Of the basic social needs, males and females differed significantly with regard to control needs (p=0.028). Educational programs that take into account personality types and characteristics of interpersonal needs are crucial in providing effective medical education. Our results suggest that the characteristics of personality types and interpersonal needs should be considered in developing an interpersonal relations improvement program for medical students.

Personality, age, and fluid intelligence

A total of 383 participants (aged 19 to 66-years) completed the Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation‐Behavior (FIRO‐B), and the California Psychological Inventory‐434 (CPI‐434). Results showed that IQ was positively correlated with perceiving (MBTI), control (FIRO‐B), intellectual efficiency (CPI‐434), achievement via independence (CPI‐434), and negatively correlated with sensing (MBTI), internality (CPI‐434) and norm‐favouring (CPI‐434), supporting the majority of the hypotheses.Participants' age was correlated with many measures, particularly intelligence and accounted for a third of the variance in IQ scores. Limitations are considered.

Relationship between the MBTI and FIRO—B in a Large British Sample

Over 4,000 British adults completed two widely used personality-type tests at an Assessment Centre, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior. Both correlational and regressional analyses showed modest overlap. Inclusion was related to Introversion-Extraversion and Control to the Thinking-Feeling Dimension. The Sensing-Intuition and Judging-Perceiving dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator had only weak correlations with the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior scores (all values below .08). The difference scores between Wanted and Expressed on the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior indicated that the Thinking, Perceiving, Extraverts had the highest differences between Perceived and Wanted scores.

Cognitive style and affect: A comparison of the Kirton adaption-innovation and Schutz's fundamental interpersonal relations orientation-behaviour inventories (KAI and FIRO-B)

Kirton's theory of adaptive-innovative cognitive style is rooted in the field of cognition (Kirton, 1994a). He has asserted that the KAI (Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory), his measure of adaptive-innovative cognitive style, should correlate insignificantly with measures of affect (Kirton, 1994a, p. xx). The purpose of this study was to explore Kirton's assertion by investigating the relationship between scores for the KAI and the six subscales of Schutz's measure of interpersonal needs, FIRO-B (Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior). The subjects in the present study were U.K. research and development staff and U.K. multiple project managers. This study extends that recently published by Kubes, which involved Slovak research and development staff (Kubes, 1992). In the present study no significant correlations emerged for the sample of multiple project managers and only two were found for the research and development staff at the low levels of r = 0.27 and 0.22, P<0.01. In all, it is concluded from the U.K. and Slovak data that there is no significant relationship between KAI and FIRO-B scores and hence Kirton's assertions regarding the independence of affect and cognitive style are supported.

Journal keeping as an educational strategy in teaching psychiatric nursing.

Personal attitudes and self-awareness are key issues of which the psychiatric nursing student must be aware when establishing a therapeutic relationship. Facilitating awareness and growth in these areas are fundamental challenges for the nurse educator. One potential teaching strategy with which to address this issue is journal keeping. This paper describes a study evaluating the impact of journal keeping on student nurses' attitudes toward psychiatric clients and self-awareness in relations with others. Third-year nursing students completing a psychiatric rotation kept journals which were used to reflect on thoughts and feelings engendered by their clinical experience. Two student control groups were used: one completing a psychiatric rotation without keeping journals and the second completing a medical-surgical rotation. All students completed the Opinions About Mental Illness, the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behaviour, and Comfort in Working with Psychiatric Clients Scales prior to and at the end of their clinical experience. Findings support the use of journals to assist students in exploring and changing their attitudes but not necessarily in changing their interpersonal style.

Factor Structure and Concurrent Validity of the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior Scale for Children

The current FIRO manual by Schutz presents no data on the validity of the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior Scale for Children (FIRO-BC), although we recently provided reliability data. In this investigation, we examined the factor structure and factor stability of the FIRO-BC. Additionally, we attempted to determine empirically the concurrent validity of the three interpersonal behavior areas measured by the FIRO-BC (i.e., Inclusion, Control, and Affection) using peer-nomination data. We collected data using two test administrations, which were separated by a 12-month period. It was determined that a six-factor solution was stable across test administrations, but that the FIRO-BC scales do not appear to measure adequately the theoretical constructs that were hypothesized by the developer of the test.

Effect of compatibility on goal achievement in patient-physical therapist dyads.

The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses related to the effect of interpersonal compatibility in patient-physical therapist dyads on goal achievement in a rehabilitation setting. Seventeen patients with spinal cord injuries and the physical therapists primarily responsible for their treatment were asked to participate. The Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior scale, which includes three interpersonal dimensions--Inclusion, Control, and Affection--was used to assess patient-physical therapist compatibility. Patient performance on four quantitatively measurable functional goals was used as the dependent variable. The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that goal achievement would be greater for patients in compatible patient-physical therapist dyads. Further, compatibility in the dimension of affection was found to be strongly related to a lack of rehabilitation goal achievement.

Social skills: an awareness program with learning disabled adolescents.

To investigate the usefulness of an in-school social skills program with learning disabled adolescents, 30 LD secondary students were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. Both groups were pretested on the Piers-Harris Children s Self-Concept Scale and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation—Behavior. The experimental group was part of a 16-week social skills awareness program that met five days a week, for one hour per day; the control group received no such treatment. The treatment consisted of discussion sessions using the Innerchange Human Development Program, which was supplemented by the Pal Filmstrip Series and the Guidance Associates Sound Filmstrips. Both groups were posttested on the same measurement scales used for pretests. Grade point averages also were investigated to see if there was any significant change during the experimental semester. Significant differences between groups were found on the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and on the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior; no significant differences were found on grade point averages. It was concluded that sufficient evidence existed to support the effectiveness of social skills awareness programs in LD classrooms.

Firo-B Interpersonal Compatibility: a Suggested Modification

The Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior (FIRO-B) scale is a measure of three discrete interpersonal behav iors: inclusion, control and affection. A mathematical schema has been developed by Schutz (1966) which affords the opportunity to compare the individual FIRO-B results of a dyad and determine their global interpersonal compatibility. Examination of the com ponent algorithms which yield this global compatibility score sug gest an inconsistent use of absolute values and real numbers. The net result being that certain configurations of FIRO-B scores lead to an inaccurate estimation of dyadic compatibility. A modification of Schutz's original mathematical schema is presented in an attempt to ameliorate this inconsistency.

A Computer Program for the Computation of Interpersonal Compatibility

This program calculates the total interpersonal compatibility measure and subcompatibility measures (inclusion, control, affection, reciprocal, originator, and interchange) from the scale scores for two individuals on the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation—Behavior (FIRO-B). Both the computational procedures developed by Schutz (1966) and the modifications of them presented by Malloy and Copeland (1980) for the assessment of interpersonal compatibility are included in the program.

The relationship between the assertive behavior of parents and the behavior of their children

Abstract This investigation attempted to measure the relationship between parents' and their children's assertive and interpersonal behavior in order to identify the family population which can best profit from interpersonal skills training. Subjects were 60 volunteer mothers and fathers and 95 children, ages six to twelve, from a white upper socio-economic suburban population. The adult assessment measures were Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) and the Adult Self-Expression Scale. The child assessment measures were Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior Children (FIRO-BC) and Self-Expression Scale: Children. The most notable result of this study indicates that contrary to most published literature on the family, assertiveness relates to affection rather than control; that assertiveness training should be subordinated to interpersonal skills training; that the FIRO instruments provide a more effective assessment of family interaction than do assertiveness instruments.

Compulsive Heroin Use and Interpersonal Orientation

This research attempt to clarify and quantify the ways in which heroin addicts deal with interpersonal relations. A sample of heroin addicts on a methadone maintenance program were given the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) scale. An accidental sample consisted of 35, approximately one-half, of the clinic's population. A mean interpersonal orientation profile is established and interpreted. An analysis of variance was performed for each of the six FIRO-B scores. Patients needs based on FIRO-B scores are discussed with regard to the descriptions of addicts life-styles as described in the literature. The possible etiological basis for these interpersoanl orientations is also discussed. Several therapeutic approaches, as indicated by FIRO-B scores, are explored.