Function Of Respiratory System Research Articles

Impact of Swimming Training on the Course and Symptoms of Bronchial Asthma and Respiratory System Function: A Literature Review

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common inflammatory diseases among adults and children. It is characterized by the occurrence of bronchial obstruction, which is manifested, for instance, by a feeling of shortness of breath, wheezing, a feeling of tightness in the chest, a feeling of squeezing in the chest. In addition to pharmacological treatment, health behavior including sport is of great importance. In this publication, we will attempt to discuss the effects of swim training on asthma and respiratory system function. We will try to answer the question whether swimming is a safe form of exercise for patients with bronchial asthma.Material and methods: Review of the specialized literature in the field of pulmonology, guidelines for treatment of bronchial asthma and articles available on PubMed and Google Scholar database searching by the keywordsAim of the study: The aim of this publication is to review the available literature to answer the question of whether swimming training is a suitable form of exercise for asthmatic patients and what effect it has on respiratory functionConclusions: The treatment of bronchial asthma is based on the pharmacological treatment. In addition to medications, non-pharmacological methods and health behaviours are important. Appropriate physical activity for people with asthma may include swimming training, which has a beneficial effect on lung function and asthma symptoms management, especially in the paediatric population. There are studies that suggest that swimming carries a lower risk of causing bronchospasm than other sport activities, however, there are inconclusive reports on the effect of attending chlorinated swimming pools on the development of asthma and allergies. Studies on competitive and elite swimmers show that intensive swimming training, especially in chlorinated pools, can induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the risk of developing asthma, but this requires further research.

Exploring the potential role of microbiota and metabolites in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seriously affects the respiratory system function and quality of life of patients. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques to analyze the respiratory microbiota and serum metabolites of COPD and AECOPD patients. The results showed that the microbial diversity in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella and Neisseria in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. However, the relative abundance of Haemophilus_D, Veillonella_A and Pseudomonas_E, in AECOPD patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients, and the ability of respiratory microbiota in AECOPD patients to participate in alanine metabolism was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. Metabolome results further revealed that the serum alanine levels in AECOPD patients were significantly lower than those in COPD patients, and these differential metabolites were mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. In summary, the structural characteristics of respiratory microbiota in COPD and AECOPD patients are different from those in healthy populations, and their microbiota diversity decreases and microbial community structure and function will also undergo changes when acute exacerbations occur. In addition, the predicted microbial community function and metabolomics results indicate that the onset of AECOPD is mainly related to energy and amino acid metabolism disorders, especially alanine metabolism.

The airway smooth muscle and the pipe dream of better bronchodilators.

Research on airway smooth muscle has traditionally focused on its putative detrimental role in asthma, emphasizing on how its shortening narrows the airway lumen, without much consideration about its potential role in subserving the function of the entire respiratory system. New experimental evidence on mice suggests that not only the smooth muscle is required to sustain life postnatally, but its stiffening effect on the lung tissue also protects against excessive airway narrowing and, most importantly, against small airway narrowing heterogeneity and closure. These results suggest that the smooth muscle plays an vital role in the lung periphery, essentially safeguarding alveolar ventilation by preventing small airway closure. These results also shed light on perplexing clinical observations, such as the long-standing doubts about the safety of bronchodilators. Since there seems to be an optimal level of smooth muscle contraction, at least in small airways, the therapeutic goal of maximizing the relaxation of the smooth muscle in asthma needs to be revisited. A bronchodilator with an excessive potency for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction, and that is still potent at concentrations reaching the lung periphery, may foster airway closure and air trapping, resulting in no net gain or even a decline in lung function.

Long-term consequences of the functional state of the respiratory system after SARS-CoV-2-associated lung damage

Aim. To study the dynamics of respiratory system function in patients without a history of bronchopulmonary pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 29 patients (median age 46 [43-51] years) at two stages: visit 1 (1-4 months) and visit 2 (8-13 months) from the onset of COVID-19. Data from spirometry, bodyplethysmography, diffusion capacity test, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and chest computed tomography (CT) obtained during the acute phase of the disease (CTmax), as well as dyspnea assessed by the mMRC scale, were analyzed.Results. The median CTmax was 75%, and 66% of patients received treatment in the intensive care unit. At visit 1, dyspnea was of mild or moderate severity. Medians of vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLco) were reduced (<80% predicted). The median forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and IOS parameters were within normal ranges. However, increased reactance area (AX) and absolute frequency dependence of resistance (R5–R20) were found in 59% and 24% of cases, respectively. At visit 2, mild dyspnea persisted. Lung volumes were within normal limits, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median DLco was reduced at visit 1 but increased to normal at visit 2, with statistically significant differences between visits. The median IOS parameters remained within normal limits, with no statistically significant differences between visits. However, in visit 1 increased AX and (R5–R20) were observed in 59% and 24%, in visit 2 – 45% and 17% of cases, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between visits.Conclusions. Among the long-term functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection with virus-associated lung damage, decreased lung diffusion capacity (reduced DLco) and small airway dysfunction (increased AX and/or R5-R20) were noted in some patients. Impulse oscillometry should be included in the comprehensive functional assessment plan for patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection to diagnose small airway dysfunction.

PENGARUH TEKNIK SPIRITUAL EMOTIONAL BREATHING (SEB) SEBAGAI METODE DALAM MENINGKATKAN FUNGSI RESPIRASI PADA PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from infections worldwide. Pulmonary TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can cause inflammation affecting the lung parenchyma. The entry of the bacteria triggers an inflammatory response that damages the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to impaired lung expansion due to fluid accumulation, which in turn affects respiratory system function. To address respiratory function issues in pulmonary TB, one solution is the application of spiritual emotional breathing (SEB). This study aims to determine the effect of the SEB technique on optimizing respiratory function in pulmonary TB patients. The design used is a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sample consisted of 40 respondents, divided into 2 groups: control and intervention, each with 20 respondents, selected using convenience sampling. The intervention provided was SEB according to the SOP, and the measurement of RR and SpO2 was conducted using observation and oximetry. Data analysis was performed using t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. The results showed p = 0.251 in the treatment group and p = 0.353 in the control group, indicating that this intervention did not have a significant effect on RR. However, the SpO2 results showed p = 0.001 in the treatment group, indicating a significant effect of SEB on SpO2, whereas p = 0.518 in the control group. SEB improves respiration, such as lung capacity and gas exchange.

Factors related with lung functions among Orang Asli in Tasik Chini, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOrang Asli lifestyle and household setting may influence their health status especially respiratory system and lung functions. This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of lung functions of Orang Asli community and the associated factors.MethodsData collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters.ResultsThe respondents’ age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18–39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels.ConclusionsFEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18–39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.

Linking preoperative and early intensive care unit data for prolonged intubation prediction.

Prolonged intubation (PI) is a frequently encountered severe complication among patients following cardiac surgery (CS). Solely concentrating on preoperative data, devoid of sufficient consideration for the ongoing impact of surgical, anesthetic, and cardiopulmonary bypass procedures on subsequent respiratory system function, could potentially compromise the predictive accuracy of disease prognosis. In response to this challenge, we formulated and externally validated an intelligible prediction model tailored for CS patients, leveraging both preoperative information and early intensive care unit (ICU) data to facilitate early prophylaxis for PI. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analyzing adult patients who underwent CS and utilizing data from two publicly available ICU databases, namely, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. PI was defined as necessitating intubation for over 24 h. The predictive model was constructed using multivariable logistic regression. External validation of the model's predictive performance was conducted, and the findings were elucidated through visualization techniques. The incidence rates of PI in the training, testing, and external validation cohorts were 11.8%, 12.1%, and 17.5%, respectively. We identified 11 predictive factors associated with PI following CS: plateau pressure [odds ratio (OR), 1.133; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.111-1.157], lactate level (OR, 1.131; 95% CI, 1.067-1.2), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.166; 95% CI, 1.115-1.219), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (OR, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.061-1.132), central venous pressure (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.033-1.073), anion gap (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.043-1.107), positive end-expiratory pressure (OR, 1.087; 95% CI, 1.047-1.129), vasopressor usage (OR, 1.521; 95% CI, 1.23-1.879), Visual Analog Scale score (OR, 0.928; 95% CI, 0.893-0.964), pH value (OR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.629-0.913), and blood urea nitrogen level (OR, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.003-1.02). The model exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.853 (95% CI, 0.840-0.865) in the training cohort, 0.867 (95% CI, 0.853-0.882) in the testing cohort, and 0.704 (95% CI, 0.679-0.727) in the external validation cohort. Through multicenter internal and external validation, our model, which integrates early ICU data and preoperative information, exhibited outstanding discriminative capability. This integration allows for the accurate assessment of PI risk in the initial phases following CS, facilitating timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Measurement of Respiratory System Function By Airwave Oscillometry (AOS) in a Cohort of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)

Measurement of Respiratory System Function By Airwave Oscillometry (AOS) in a Cohort of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)

Strong selection signatures for Aleutian disease tolerance acting on novel candidate genes linked to immune and cellular responses in American mink (Neogale vison)

Aleutian disease (AD) is a multi-systemic infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). This study aimed to identify candidate regions and genes underlying selection for response against AMDV using whole-genome sequence (WGS) data. Three case–control selection signatures studies were conducted between animals (N = 85) producing high versus low antibody levels against AMDV, grouped by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Within each study, selection signals were detected using fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ ratios), and validated by cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) test. Within- and between-studies overlapping results were then evaluated. Within-studies overlapping results indicated novel candidate genes related to immune and cellular responses (e.g., TAP2, RAB32), respiratory system function (e.g., SPEF2, R3HCC1L), and reproduction system function (e.g., HSF2, CFAP206) in other species. Between-studies overlapping results identified three large segments under strong selection pressure, including two on chromosome 1 (chr1:88,770–98,281 kb and chr1:114,133–120,473) and one on chromosome 6 (chr6:37,953–44,279 kb). Within regions with strong signals, we found novel candidate genes involved in immune and cellular responses (e.g., homologous MHC class II genes, ITPR3, VPS52) in other species. Our study brings new insights into candidate regions and genes controlling AD response.

Effect of chest wall mobilization on respiratory muscle function in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated positive correlation between pulmonary function and chest wall expansion in COPD. Decrease in chest wall expansion in patients with COPD compromises rib cage mobility and functional length of respiratory muscles that ultimately jeopardize the efficacy and function of respiratory system. MethodThirty male adults (mean age: 74.97 ± 6.29) suffered with severe COPD were randomly allocated to either experimental group (chest wall mobilizations) or control group. Both groups received standardized education and walking exercise (twice/week) for 6 weeks. Patients in experimental group received additional chest wall mobilizations that include stretching and joints mobilization. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, thoracic excursion, cervical and thoracic range of movement were evaluated at baseline, post-program and at 3-month follow-up. ResultsThere were significantly greater improvements in respiratory muscle strength, thoracic excursion and thoracic range of movement (p < 0.01) except thoracic flexion. Lower thoracic excursion is strongly associated with increase in maximum inspiratory pressure (β = 13.64, p < 0.001) and maximum expiratory pressure (β = 16.23, p < 0.001). Thoracic range of movement especially extension (p < 0.001) and bilateral rotation (p < 0.01) exhibit a strong relationship with increase in lower thoracic excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.876) as shown in multiple regression analysis. ConclusionAdditional chest wall mobilization in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD is likely to enhance thoracic extension and rotation which increase lower thoracic excursion. This significant improvement in chest expansion capacity allows respiratory muscles to work at an optimal functional length which result in greater respiratory muscle strength in patients with severe COPD.

Analysis of the Physical and Health Status of Chinese College Students from 2020 to 2022 and Improvement Measures

Physical health is the foundation for the comprehensive development of college students, and with the development of social economy and changes in lifestyle, the physical health level of college students is facing various challenges and problems. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of college students' physical health level and proposing corresponding improvement strategies has important theoretical and practical significance. Using various research methods such as literature review, mathematical statistics, and measurement, this study focuses on the physical health test data of students from Liaoning University of International Business and Economics from 2020 to 2022. The study aims to conduct statistical analysis on five aspects of students' grades, overall results, body shape, physical function, and physical fitness. The research results show that the body shape level of school girls shows a "two headed bias, and the middle is equivalent"; The overall respiratory system function of female students is slightly better than that of male students; The explosive strength and flexibility of male lower limbs are higher than the "pass or above" level specified in the National Student Physical Health Standards. Based on this, a causal analysis was conducted on the problems existing in students' physical health, and corresponding improvement measures were further proposed: to improve physical monitoring work and play the role of physical testing; Accelerate the reform of physical education teaching and implement the "four year consistent system" teaching; Strengthen extracurricular physical exercise and set up extracurricular physical education credits; Relying on sports associations to carry out various forms of sports activities; Guided by the construction of high-level sports teams, we aim to create a school sports brand.

Dynamics of functional changes in the respiratory system after COVID-19-associated lung injury at one year after hospital discharge

Morphological examination reveals microcirculation disorders in combination with small areas of lung damage in the long term after COVID-19. Therefore, the function of the respiratory system should be assessed after COVID-19. Aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of respiratory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury using a complex examination of lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, and lung diffusion testing) one year after hospital discharge. Methods. 60 patients (38 men/22 women, aged 39 to 80 years) with a diagnosis of “COVID-19-associated interstitial process in the lungs” were examined. Lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, and lung diffusion capacity testing) was examined in all patients twice, at 1 – 6 months (visit 1) and at 12 – 24 months (visit 2) after hospital discharge. Results. At visit 1, 60% of patients had restrictive pulmonary ventilation disorders. Obstructive ventilation disorders were detected in only 1 patient. Decreased lung diffusion capacity (D CO corr.) was found in 78% of patients. At visit 2, obstructive disorders were detected in 1 patient, and the frequency of restrictive ventilation disorders was 29%. Decreased DLCO corr. was noted in 57% of cases. The parameters of pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange function differed significantly between visits. Significant correlations were found between changes in the functional parameters of the respiratory system and disorders identified at visit 1 after hospital discharge. Conclusion. Thus, there is a decrease in the lung diffusion capacity and the rate of restrictive ventilation disorders even one year after severe COVID-19-associated lung injury. However, our results suggest a marked improvement in respiratory system function over time.

Correlation Between Pranayam and Occurrence of Covid-19: An Observational Study

Due to the widespread COVID-19 outbreak, people are consistently exposed to difficult circumstances and are morelikely to become infected. Yoga includes the practice of Pranayama, which is a method of controlled breathing. It is well known toboost immunity and lessen illness. However, there has yet to be a scientific investigation on the effectiveness of Pranayama inavoiding COVID-19. This research aimed to study the association between Pranayam and the occurrence of COVID-19. Thestudy's objectives are to increase awareness amongst the population regarding the importance of practicing Pranayam forstrengthening respiratory system functions and immunity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 Subjects betweenthe age groups 18 to 60. Group A comprises subjects practicing daily Pranayama, and Group B is not practicing Pranayama. Thenincidence of COVID in both groups was assessed based on diagnostic criteria by filling out pre-designed proforma, and acomparison was made by statistical analysis. Subjects in Group A practicing daily Pranayama showed less percentage of COVID-19 infection. Also, the positive subjects had no symptoms, or the severity of symptoms was less than Group B subjects notpracticing Pranayama. The comparison of the groups was statistically significant. It may be due to increased strength and immunityin subjects practicing Pranayama. This study concluded that Pranayama proved beneficial in the prevention and fought againstCOVID infection.Keywords: , , , , Pranayama, Yoga.

Maternal Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Mortality in Offspring From Birth to Young Adulthood: National Population-based Cohort Study

(BMJ 2022;379:e072157) A large portion of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and they have been associated with poor outcomes during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and for children later in life. This study aimed to understand the association between overall and specific maternal HDP with overall and cause-specific mortality in children from birth to adulthood. Secondary to this aim, this study also investigated whether diabetes and education have an additional effect on children’s mortality and whether the timing of onset for HDP makes a difference. Primary outcomes were all causes of death, and secondary outcomes were specific causes: cancer, mental or behavioral disorders, conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, external causes, and diseases related to cardiovascular function, infection or parasite, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic function, nervous system or sense organs, respiratory system function, digestive system function, musculoskeletal system or connective tissue, or genitourinary system function.

Effect of Obesity on Lung Function in the Pediatric and Adult Populations with Asthma: A Review.

Obesity and asthma are major global health concerns, particularly in industrialized nations. Obesity has been shown to have detrimental effects on the respiratory system and lung function owing to metabolic issues and immunological consequences. Research has indicated that obese patients with asthma (atopic or T2-high and non-atopic or T2-low) have diminished lung function in terms of functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF 25-75% due to mechanical fat loading on the diaphragm and central adiposity when compared to non-obese asthmatic patients. Therefore, it is plausible that changes in lung function are the result of a combination of mechanical (fat loading on the diaphragm, central adiposity, bronchial hyper-reactivity, and an increase in cholinergic tone), environmental (diet and exercise), and inflammatory factors (local and systemic), which can lead to the obesity-related asthma phenotype characterized by severe asthma symptoms, poor response to corticosteroid treatment, loss of lung function, and poor quality of life from an early age.

Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity Susceptibility.

Individual susceptibility to pulmonary oxygen toxicity (PO2tox) is highly variable and currently lacks a reliable biomarker for predicting pulmonary hyperoxic stress. As nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many respiratory system processes and functions, we aimed to determine if expired nitric oxide (FENO) levels can provide an indication of PO2tox susceptibility in humans. Eight U.S. Navy-trained divers volunteered as subjects. The hyperoxic exposures consisted of six- and eight-hour hyperbaric chamber dives conducted on consecutive days in which subjects breathed 100% oxygen at 202.65 kPa. Subjects' individual variability in pulmonary function and FENO was measured twice daily over five days and compared with their post-dive values to assess susceptibility to PO2tox. Only subjects who showed no decrements in pulmonary function following the six-hour exposure conducted the eight-hour dive. FENO decreased by 55% immediately following the six-hour oxygen exposure (n = 8, p < 0.0001) and by 63% following the eight-hour exposure (n = 4, p < 0.0001). Four subjects showed significant decreases in pulmonary function immediately following the six-hour exposure. These subjects had the lowest baseline FENO, had the lowest post-dive FENO, and had clinical symptoms of PO2tox. Individuals with low FENO were the first to develop PO2tox symptoms and deficits in pulmonary function from the hyperoxic exposures. These data suggest that endogenous levels of NO in the lungs may protect against the development of PO2tox.

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bacterial Infections: A Review Study

Background: In spite of great advances in the prevention of bacterial infections, they are still considered the most common reason for mortality worldwide. In accordance with the data from the World Health Organization (WHO), around 15% of pediatric mortality was caused by bacterial infections in 2017. Since cigarette smoke can cause serious damage to organs such as the respiratory system and weakening of the immune system, the aim of the present review study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on various bacterial pneumonia. Methods: The present review study was performed on 90 articles obtained through searching in ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords such as bacterial pneumonia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, tuberculosis, and cigarette. Results: Different results of previous studies indicated that given the detrimental effect of cigarettes on the respiratory and immune system of individuals, cigarette smoking affects the prognosis and outcome of infectious diseases. Disease severity, requiring hospitalization at both general and intensive care units, and mortality rate vary across these patients, thereby challenging the treatment. Thus, the cessation of cigarette smoking may help improve the respiratory system function. Conclusion: Given contradictions in the results of previous studies, exposure to cigarette smoke affects the respiratory system and increases the severity of bacterial pneumonia.

HYPERTENSION AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY IMPAIR RESPIRATORY FUNCTION

Objective: Tight relationship between respiratory and vascular system appear obvious and several studies showed an association between lung function and hypertension. Furthermore, antihypertensive treatment itself might have an effect on lung function. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine association of hypertension and its treatment with respiratory function. Design and method: In order to evaluate the respiratory system functional state in hypertensive patients we studied 107 patients (mean 49,5±2,7 years old) with mild (1st group), moderate (2nd group) essential hypertension (EH) and neurocirculatory hypertensive asthenia (3d group), for control we observed 30 healthy subjects (4th group). Furthermore, stratification of treatment non-compliant and compliant patients was made to observe the possible impact of antihypertensive treatment. All patients had no chronic respiratory disease in anamnesis and were randomized dependently from the blood pressure levels. Parameters of the respiratory system function were examined by computer spirography. Results: Such predictive and active parameters of computer spirography as Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume after 1s (FEV1), FEV1 as % of Inspiratory Vital Capacity (FEV1%VCIN), FEV1 as % of FVC (FEV1E), and Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF) did not significantly differ between 1st, 3d and 4th observed groups. But in the 1st and a little bit less in the 3d groups data of active parameters mentioned above were insignificantly lower (p&gt;0.05) compared to healthy individuals. In the 2nd group patients MVV, FEV1%VCIN, FEV1E were uncertainly lower (p&gt;0.05) than in the 1st and 3d groups, but were still border-normal with tendency to forming combined respiratory and heart failure. Antihypertensive treatment was associated with a deterioration in FEV1 by -150.3±12.78 ml (p = 0.01) and in FVC by -190.2±20.05 ml (p&lt;0.01). With both high blood pressure and antihypertensive medication as individual variables in one regression model, only medication decreased FEV1 and FVC statistically significantly (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Thus, a tendency for aggravation of the active parameters of respiratory function in patients with arterial hypertension is dependent on the blood pressure levels and use of antihypertensive medications.

Использование природно-климатических факторов северной Осетии в лечении и реабилитации хронической респираторной патологии.

The effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic respiratory pathology largely depends on an integrated approach that includes successive stages, including climate therapy in combination with natural factors. T h e p u r p o s e of the study: to analyze the activities of the republican center for pulmonological care and to show the importance of using the natural and climatic features of North Ossetia in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory pathology. R e s e a r c h m e t h o d s : statistical, expert assessments, direct observation. The statistical reporting materials of the Republican Center for Pulmonological care for 2018–2022 were analyzed. R e s u l t s . The expediency of organizing local specialized medical rehabilitation organizations and their relevance in the republic is shown. The activity of the pulmonological center became especially relevant in the post-ovarian period, when the need for rehabilitation measures for people who have had a coronavirus infection COVID‑19 has significantly increased. At the end of 2021, the flow of patients to the pulmonology center increased significantly compared to 2020. The growing trend in the number of patients treated with chronic respiratory pathology was noticeably manifested in 2022. Beds for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been the most in demand for all years. In relation to 2020, the number of people treated in 2022 increased by 44.8%. Despite the fact that bronchial asthma occupies the second place in the structure of hospitalization for pulmonological beds, a more noticeable increase in patients is registered with chronic bronchitis (by 30%) and bronchiectatic disease (by 23.8%). The number of people treated with asthma and asthmatic status increased by 18.3% in 2022. More than 70% of the treated patients were persons over the working age. Taking into account the specifics of respiratory pathology, the expediency of organizing local specialized medical and rehabilitation medical organizations located in climatic conditions familiar to patients that do not require acclimatization is important. The organization of local pulmonological centers in the region is of particular importance for carrying out medical and rehabilitation measures for people with impaired respiratory system function after suffering from COVID‑19 coronavirus infection. The identified trends should be taken into account when planning the volume of specialized medical care in the republic.

Evaluation of outcome reporting in clinical trials of physiotherapy in bronchiectasis: The first stage of core outcome set development.

The aim of this study is to explore outcomes currently reported in physiotherapy trials for bronchiectasis and investigate the level of consistency in outcome reporting. This mapping of outcomes will be used to inform the development of a core outcome set (COS) for physiotherapy research in bronchiectasis. Outcomes reported in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and RCT protocols were reviewed and evaluated. We included trials with physiotherapy as the main intervention, including pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise prescription, airway clearance, positive expiratory pressure devices, breathing training, self-management plans, and home exercise program. Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) were searched from inception using a prespecified search strategy. Records including adult patients with bronchiectasis were included. Outcomes were listed verbatim and categorised into domains based on a pre-specified system, frequency of reporting and sources of variation were inspected. Of 2158 abstracts screened, 37 trials (1202 participants) and 17 trial protocols were identified. Eighteen different physiotherapy techniques were investigated. A total of 331 outcomes were reported. No single outcome was reported by all trials. The most reported outcomes were lung function (27 trials, 50%), health related quality of life (26 trials, 48.1%), and dyspnoea (18 trials, 33.3%). A list of 104 unique outcomes covering 23 domains was created. Trials focus on physiological outcomes, mainly those related to respiratory system functions. Outcomes related to functioning and life impact are often neglected. Outcome reporting in physiotherapy research for bronchiectasis was found to be inconsistent in terms of choosing and defining outcomes. Developing a core outcome set in this area of research is needed to facilitate aggregation of future trial results in systematic reviews that will in turn inform the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Outcome choice should include all stakeholders, including patients. This study is registered in the PROSPERO registry under the number CRD42021266247.