Functional Training Program Research Articles

Early prediction of mastery of a computerized functional skills training program in participants with mild cognitive impairment.

Cognition in MCI has responded poorly to pharmacological interventions, leading to use of computerized training. Combining computerized cognitive training (CCT) and functional skills training software (FUNSAT) produced improvements in 6 functional skills in MCI, with effect sizes >0.75. However, 4% of HC and 35% of MCI participants failed to master all 6 tasks. We address early identification of characteristics that identify participants who do not graduate, to improve later interventions. NC participants (n = 72) received FUNSAT and MCI (n = 92) participants received FUNSAT alone or combined FUNSAT and CCT on a fully remote basis. Participants trained twice a week for up to 12 weeks. Participants "graduated" each task when they made one or fewer errors on all 3-6 subtasks per task. Tasks were no longer trained after graduation. Between-group comparisons of graduation status on baseline completion time and errors found that failure to graduate was associated with more baseline errors on all tasks but no longer completion times. A discriminant analysis found that errors on the first task (Ticket purchase) uniquely separated the groups, F = 41.40, p < .001, correctly classifying 94% of graduators. An ROC analysis found an AUC of .83. MOCA scores did not increase classification accuracy. More baseline errors, but not completion times, predicted failure to master all FUNSAT tasks. Accuracy of identification of eventual mastery was exceptional. Detection of risk to fail to master training tasks is possible in the first 15 minutes of the baseline assessment. This information can guide future enhancements of computerized training.

Changes in dementia treatment patterns associated with changes in the National Policy in South Korea among patients with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease between 2011 and 2017: results from the multicenter, retrospective CAPTAIN study

BackgroundThe South Korean government has been actively involved in plans to combat dementia, implementing a series of national strategies and plans since 2008. In July 2014, eligibility for mandatory long-term care insurance (LTCI) was extended to people with dementia enabling access to appropriate long-term care including the cognitive function training program and home nursing service. This study aimed to investigate changes in treatment patterns for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) between July 2011 and June 2017 which spanned the 2014 revision.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective, observational study of patients with newly diagnosed AD analyzed electronic medical records from 17 general hospitals across South Korea. Based on their time of AD diagnosis, subjects were categorized into Cohort 1 (1 July 2011 to 30 June 2014) and Cohort 2 (1 July 2014 to 30 June 2017).ResultsSubjects (N=3,997) divided into Cohorts 1 (n=1,998) and 2 (n=1,999), were mostly female (66.4%) with a mean age of 84.4 years. Cohort 1 subjects were significantly older (P<0.0001) and had a lower number of comorbidities (P=0.002) compared with Cohort 2. Mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in Cohorts 1 and 2 at the time of AD diagnosis or start of initial treatment were 16.9 and 17.1, respectively (P=0.2790). At 1 year, mean MMSE scores in Cohorts 1 and 2 increased to 17.9 and 17.4, respectively (P=0.1524). Donepezil was the most frequently administered medication overall (75.0%), with comparable rates between cohorts. Rates of medication persistence were ≥98% for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or memantine therapy. Discontinuation and switch treatment rates were significantly lower (49.7% vs. 58.0%; P<0.0001), and mean duration of initial treatment significantly longer, in Cohort 2 vs. 1 (349.3 vs. 300.2 days; P<0.0001).ConclusionsComparison of cohorts before and after revision of the national LTCI system for dementia patients found no significant difference in mean MMSE scores at the time of AD diagnosis or start of initial treatment. The reduction in the proportion of patients who discontinued or changed their initial treatment, and the significant increase in mean duration of treatment, were observed following revision of the LTCI policy which enabled increased patient access to long-term care.

Rehabilitation strategies and magnetic resonance imaging techniques for shoulder injuries in sports

ObjectiveShoulder sleeve injuries are high-risk in men's tennis, with rehabilitation focusing on activating shoulder muscle groups to regain strength. Specific plans use electromyography and isokinetic instruments to compare muscle activity and torque pre- and post-rehabilitation. The goal is to explore training effects on rotator cuff injuries and assess routine MRI and MRI shoulder arthrography for diagnostic value in shoulder injuries. This aims to provide a reference for restoring shoulder function in male tennis players. MethodsTwenty college students (n = 20) with rotator cuff injuries from a university tennis program were selected as experimental subjects, matched based on gender and injury severity, and divided into experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. A paired sample T-test assessed the impact of rehabilitation training on muscle recruitment and strength around the shoulder joint in the experimental group before and after training. This evaluated the influence of rehabilitation plans on shoulder muscle mobilization and strength. Another paired sample T-test compared indicators before and after the experiment, examining mechanisms underlying the effects of functional rehabilitation training on shoulder sleeve injuries in male tennis players. Results(1) Surface electromyography (EMG) results for internal/external rotation showed a significant increase in anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid EMG values (P < 0.05). Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles exhibited substantial increases (P < 0.01), while no significant change occurred in the teres minor muscle. (2) Adduction/abduction EMG tests at 60°/s, 90°/s, and 120°/s revealed significant increases (P < 0.01) in deltoid bundles and supraspinatus/infraspinatus muscles for both experimental and control groups. Teres minor muscle showed no significant change. (3) Isokinetic muscle strength tests indicated a significant peak torque increase (P < 0.01) during inward/outward rotation at 60°/s, 90°/s, and 120°/s for the experimental group compared to the control group. ConclusionA 10-week functional shoulder rehabilitation training program can enhance the strength, endurance, and neuromuscular recruitment of shoulder-related muscles in male tennis players with rotator cuff injuries. This approach, combined with the diagnostic capabilities of routine MRI and MRI shoulder arthrography, enables modifications in the body's ongoing adaptation to injuries. This, in turn, contributes to improved shoulder joint stability and effectively facilitates the functional recovery of the rotator cuff muscle group.

The effect of a 12-week functional training program on functional movement patterns and dynamic balance in young elite ice hockey players

Abstract Study aim: This study examined the effects of a 12-week functional training (FT) program on basic movement patterns and dynamic balance in hockey players. Material and methods: Forty-three male ice hockey players aged 16.2 ± 0.76 years, were allocated into the experimental (EG) or control (CG) groups. The EG underwent additional 60-minute supervised FT sessions twice weekly, while the CG had an additional 60-minute team game class and swimming class. Fundamental movement patterns were assessed using the functional movement screening (FMSTM), whereas dynamic balance was assessed by the Y-balance test (YBT). Results: After completion of the FT program, the hockey players assigned to the EG achieved higher results in the deep squat (p = 0.0143), hurdle step (p = 0.0002), in-line lunge (p = 0.0082), shoulder mobility (p = 0.0455), and rotatory stability tests (p = 0.0253), had higher total FMSTM scores (p = 0.0003), and less asymmetry (p = 0.0032) than at baseline. They improved all of the normalized scores in YBT. The hockey players assigned to the CG did not improve their results, but their performance decreased in the hurdle step test (p = 0.0082), and they showed more asymmetry (p = 0.0124) than at baseline. Conclusions: The implementation of FT can lead to significant improvements in fundamental movement patterns and dynamic balance among ice hockey players. This suggests that implementing FT can enhance fundamental movement patterns in athletes and should be considered an integral part of sports training. By integrating FT into regular training routines, athletes across different sports may potentially improve their movement patterns, thereby enhancing their overall performance and reducing the risk of injury.

FUNSAT: A FUNCTIONAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM

Abstract Performance of everyday activities is often challenging for older adults, especially for aging adults with a cognitive impairment (CI), which threatens independence and quality of life. We developed a novel computer-based functional skills assessment and training (FUNSAT) program, which includes simulations of everyday technology-based tasks (e.g., online banking, prescription refill, online shopping) important to everyday living. This presentation will present preliminary findings from our study that is evaluating the FUNSAT program with aging adults with and without a cognitive impairment. The sample includes 153 adults (83 with a CI, 130 females and 23 males) ranging in age from 60-92 yrs. Initially, participants completed the FUNSAT assessment and then engaged in the FUNSAT training program for up to 24 hours over 12 weeks at home after an initial in-person training. The non-cognitively impaired participants completed the FUNSAT training alone. The participants with a cognitive impairment were randomized into one of two conditions; FUNSAT training alone, or Cognitive Training (3 weeks) followed by FUNSAT training. We also evaluated transfer of training using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Our preliminary findings indicate that participants irrespective of cognitive status are demonstrating significant gains in performance following training on the training tasks. Further, they are reporting an increase in confidence with respect to performing the tasks in daily living and the EMA data suggest transfer of training to other technology-based tasks. We will also discuss adherence to the home training protocol, which has important implications for implementation of the program beyond the research setting.

Self – Advocacy Significance in Work Placement Adjustment of PwID

Self – Advocacy of differently abled adults living in Urban cities, Suburban and Rural areas were examined with respect to self - advocacy of their technical training, life skill development programs and social support systems. In the present situation based on applicability of scientific knowledge helping the Intellectual disabled adult children from positive psychology frameworks and from the strengths-based approach through which they can learn natural language and understanding language is currently focused by special education and vocational training centres for differently abled adult students. Under this framework, Self-determined, Self – advocacy action is including and able to implement practically by two following essential criteria’s: 1. Vocational training action, 2. Self - governing action. Vocational action refers to the extent to which a person makes intentional, conscious choices based on differently abled adult choice and interests. Self - governing action involves self-directing and managing actions in service of a chosen work area and implies identifying different ways and methods to solve their disable problem. This study paper focusing on the dedicated services of Vocational training centres rendering multiple roles in promoting technical skills and life skills based on identifying different abilities and preparing the differently abled adults to enter into suitable work places for self-earning with intellectual disabilities. The study was conducted with the purpose to identifying the role of Vocational instructors in development of assessment tool, need assessment of functional skills, programming, implementation, and evaluation of training program by involving even parents in all stages. Differently abled adults in DAIL section identified male and female students and their parents who showed their commitment to participate in the program were involved in the Work Placement Adjustment of PwID program. Need assessment of functional skills of each adult was done through technical and functional skills training programs were developed by implementing and evaluated with the support of parents. Data showed that Instructors played multiple roles were observed in the whole study; their teaching style, use of different behaviour modification technique and other were come forth and performance of differently abled adults was increased.

Using the ADDIE model to design and develop physical education lessons incorporated with a functional training component.

Good physical fitness is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. For students, the school becomes the main place to improve their physical fitness. The traditional physical education class places little emphasis on improving physical fitness and students' physical fitness have continued to decline. To address these challenges, this study aimed to design and develop a functional training program that can be incorporated into existing physical education lessons to improve students' physical fitness levels. This study adopted the instructional design framework of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) model to guide the design and development of the functional training program. After development, the program was implemented and evaluated. The results showed the program aroused students' interest and significantly improved students' physical fitness. This study showed the usefulness of functional training in improving the physical fitness of primary school students. In addition, it provided a reference for how to use functional training in conjunction with the physical education syllabus.

Features of physical activity of women in the first period of adulthood during the phases of the menstrual cycle

Based on the analysis of current research, the paper provides a brief overview of exercises and their results that will help in the formulation of recommendations for physical activity during the menstrual cycle and further methodological research. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity in order to correct the physical condition of women in the first period of adulthood during the menstrual cycle. We have analyzed the literature and studied the problems of the menstrual cycle with women who are professionally involved in sports. At this stage, coaches are advised to reduce the total amount of stress, use flexibility exercises, muscle relaxation, speed development, and improvement of sports technique. Use your arm muscles more. Eliminate (or reduce) static loads, strenuous strength exercises, jumping, static and dynamic exercises for the diaphragm, pelvis and abdominal muscles.&#x0D; The research was conducted jointly on the basis of the Training Laboratory of Physical Rehabilitation, Ergotherapy and Sports, which is part of the Faculty of Social and Humanitarian Technologies and Management of the State Tax University, and the fitness club&#x0D; «KD-GYM», in the period from 01.06.2023 – 05.08.2023. The study involved 10 recreationally active women (25±6 yrs.), who performed exercises during the follicular phase and luteal phase of the cycle. The women who took part in the study do not play professional sports, but lead an active lifestyle. The following research methods were used in the study: analysis and synthesis of special methodological literature, best practices, surveys, heart rate measurements, pedagogical methods (pedagogical observation, testing), and methods of mathematical statistics.&#x0D; It was found that the menstrual cycle is not an obstacle to exercise, and women can adapt their training regimen depending on changes in the phases of the cycle. In addition, physical activity should be used as a therapeutic method to increase the feeling of vigor and reduce anger, tension, fatigue and depression.&#x0D; Assessment and prediction of the functional capabilities of women in the first period of adulthood is the development of technical and functional training programs. The main components are the expansion of theoretical ideas about the limits of adaptive and reserve capabilities of the body of women. Their practical use, which leads to the achievement of effective muscle activity during the organization of training sessions.

Effects Of An 11-week High Functional Resistance Training Program On Indices Of Arterial Stiffness

Effects Of An 11-week High Functional Resistance Training Program On Indices Of Arterial Stiffness

Enhancing Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment through High-Intensity Functional Training: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Physical exercise is a very promising non-pharmacological approach to prevent or reduce the cognitive decline that occurs in people aged 60 years or older. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a high-intensity intervallic functional training (HIFT) program on cognitive functions in an elderly Colombian population with mild cognitive impairment. A controlled clinical trial was developed with a sample of 132 men and women aged >65 years, linked to geriatric care institutions, which were systematically blind randomized. The intervention group (IG) received a 3-month HIFT program (n = 64) and the control group (CG) (n = 68) received general physical activity recommendations and practiced manual activities. The outcome variables addressed cognition (MoCA), attention (TMTA), executive functions (TMTB), verbal fluency (VFAT test), processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test-DSST), selective attention and concentration (d2 test). After the analysis, improvement was found in the IG with significant differences with respect to the CG in the level of cognitive impairment (MoCA), attention (TMTA), verbal fluency and concentration (p < 0.001). Executive functions (TMTB) showed differences in both groups, being slightly higher in the IG (p = 0.037). However, no statistically significant results were found for selective attention (p = 0.55) or processing speed (p = 0.24). The multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed the influence of the education level on all cognition assessments (p = 0.026); when adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the influence of the intervention remained significant (p < 0.001). This study empirically validates that the implementation of a HIFT program has a positive effect on cognitive functions in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, professionals specialized in the care of this population could consider including functional training programs as an essential part of their therapeutic approaches. The distinctive features of this program, such as its emphasis on functional training and high intensity, appear to be relevant for stimulating cognitive health in the geriatric population.

High-Intensity Functional Training: Perceived Functional and Psychosocial Health-Related Outcomes from Current Participants with Mobility-Related Disabilities.

People with mobility-related disabilities (MRDs) experience many personal and environmental barriers to engagement in community-based exercise programs. We explored the experiences of adults with MRD who currently participate in high-intensity functional training (HIFT), an inclusive and accessible community-based exercise program. Thirty-eight participants completed online surveys with open-ended questions, with ten individuals also participating in semi-structured interviews via telephone with project PI. Surveys and interviews were designed to examine changes to perceived health, and the elements of HIFT that promote sustained participation. Thematic analysis revealed themes related to health changes following HIFT participation including improved physical, functional, and psychosocial health outcomes. Other themes emerged within the HIFT environment that promoted adherence for participants such as accessible spaces and equipment, and inclusive HIFT sessions and competitions. Additional themes included participants' advice for the disability and healthcare communities. The resulting themes are informed by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The findings provide initial data on the potential effects of HIFT on multiple dimensions of health outcomes and contribute to the growing literature on community-based programs that are adaptable and inclusive for people with MRD.

CrossFit®: 'Unknowable' or Predictable?-A Systematic Review on Predictors of CrossFit® Performance.

The functional fitness training program CrossFit® is experiencing fast-growing and widespread popularity with day-to-day varying 'Workouts of the Day' (WOD). Even among tactical athletes, the training program is widely applied. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data on which parameters influence CrossFit® performance. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature to identify and summarize predictors of CrossFit® performance and performance enhancement. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the following databases was conducted in April 2022: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Using the keyword 'CrossFit', 1264 entries are found, and 21 articles are included based on the eligibility criteria. In summary, the studies show conflicting results, and no specific key parameter was found that predicts CrossFit® performance regardless of the type of WOD. In detail, the findings indicate that physiological parameters (in particular, body composition) and high-level competitive experience have a more consistent influence than specific performance variables. Nevertheless, in one-third of the studies, high total body strength (i.e., CrossFit® Total performance) and trunk strength (i.e., back squat performance) correlate with higher workout scores. For the first time, this review presents a summary of performance determinants in CrossFit®. From this, a guiding principle for training strategies may be derived, suggesting that a focus on body composition, body strength, and competition experience may be recommended for CrossFit® performance prediction and performance enhancement.

Physical activity interventions in older adults with a cognitive impairment: A critical review of reviews.

This critical review explores the review material on physical activity combined with cognitive stimulation interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment and/or dementia. A critical, systematic, review of the review method was used, considering four electronic databases: WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and the COCHRANE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY. The search terms "exercise," "physical activity," "cognitive impairment," "dementia," and "systematic review" were used. All available reviews were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 32 reviews that met the inclusion criteria. A combination of various types of training and aerobic exercises were the most frequently reported interventions; meanwhile, dual task training programs (combining physical exercise with cognitive stimulation), functional training programs along with exercises combination, aerobic exercise as well as strength, stretching, or balance workouts were also reported. The evidence is compelling; exercise can improve physical health by ensuring cognitive, psychological, and behavioral benefits. Overall, exercise can improve the physical and mental health of people living with dementia: there is sufficient evidence to recommend multimodal exercise.

Effects of Physical Training on Student Health in Ordinary Universities

Following functional physical training, college students’ physical condition, shape, and other indicators were compared and carefully studied, demonstrating the effectiveness of the training program recommended in this article. This study is predicted to offer a set of practical functional physical training programs for college students, helping to promote the improvement of physical quality and general studies of health development. Physical fitness index evaluation. In terms of physical fitness, after 12 weeks of functional fitness training, there were significant differences in muscle endurance (planks and sit-ups), explosive power (vertical jump), accuracy and sensitivity (hexagonal jump sensitivity), balance (standing on one foot with eyes closed), flexibility (sitting forward) and maximum strength (squatting and bench press) compared with before experiment (P&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in Male pull-ups, standing long jumps, cardiovascular endurance (1000, 800 meters), speed quality (50 meters), and coordination (one minute rope skipping) were all better than they were before the trial (P&gt;0.05), although not significantly. These are the conclusions: Functional physical training may significantly improve typical college students’ FMS and Y-balance test results as well as minimize their risk of sports injuries by equating the two sides of the body more evenly. Although the maximum oxygen uptake index was somewhat promoted, the impacts on college students’ height, weight, and BMI were not immediately apparent. Muscle endurance, explosive power, accuracy, agility, balance, and other maximum strengths have all been drastically raised, yet they haven’t been greatly improved.

Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) on the Functional Capacity, Frailty, and Physical Condition of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Physical exercise has been established as an intervention in the integral approach for the physical, functional, and social health of older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program on the physical condition and functional capacity of an elderly Colombian population with mild cognitive impairment. This research corresponds to a blind randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 169 men and women aged over 65 years were evaluated and distributed in two groups: the experimental group that received a 12-week HIFT intervention (n = 82) and the control group (n = 87) that received general recommendations on the benefits of physical exercise. The outcome variables included physical condition, assessed using the Senior Fitness battery (SNB); Fried's frailty phenotype was applied, and gait and balance were assessed using the Tinetti scale. For the functional variables, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and advanced activities of daily living were evaluated. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the IG for gait stability and balance (p < 0.001), as well as for independence in activities of daily living (p = 0.003), and instrumental and advanced activities (p < 0.001). Likewise, greater functionality was found when assessed with the SNB (p < 0.001), except for upper limb strength. The frailty classification did not show changes post-intervention (p = 0.170) nor in the group x time interaction. MANCOVA analysis showed that regardless of gender, health level, age, BMI, cognition, and health level, the HIFT intervention produced better results in functional capacity, balance, and gait (F = 0.173, p < 0.001, Wilks' λ = 88.231).

The The Observed Pre and Post-Intervention Changes to Movement Potentiation Scale (MPS) Scores and How That Impacts Pain, Balance &amp; Coordination - A Case Series

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are a major leading burden of disease worldwide, making up 77% of all injury healthcare visits, totaling around 65.8 million people annually in the US alone. There is a clear demand to optimize conservative treatment strategies for improved clinical outcomes. Three Case Reports were conducted with three different female participants (of whom each presented with different primary complaints). Each participant was scored pre and post-intervention using the Movement Potentiation Scale™ (MPS), designed by Williams &amp; Horschig (2022). Additionally, a Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) was used to determine each participant’s pain levels, and a comprehensive history was conducted prior to the commencement of the program. The MPS model consists of 6 fundamental movement challenges worth a total value of 26 points. Following the MPS assessment, each participant underwent a consecutive 5-day Functional Movement Training Program. The program prioritized movement Quality over Quantity, an inherent characteristic of Movement Therapy, focusing on proprioception, balance, coordination, and proper biomechanics under tolerable loads. Primary provocative movements and day-to-day activities were identified. Each participant was educated about spinal hygiene, postural stress, and safe movement strategies such as hip hinging, squats, lifting overhead, and the coordination of the core and bracing. On day 6, post-intervention data was collected. Each participant displayed a drastic improvement in pain and MPS score, reflecting increased Movement Quality and joint stability. Improvements in strength, neural control, and connective tissue integrity were observed with reduced nociception and inflammation. Participant 1, awaiting surgery for ongoing chronic Low Back Pain (LBP), scored a low MPS score of 5/26 on day 1. Post-intervention on Day 6, she presented with 0/10 pain and a 15/26 MPS score. It was noted that “for the first time in years,” she had pain-free sleep and zero pain. Participant 2 entered the study with a low MPS score of 7/26 and chronic ongoing shoulder pain and paresthesia down the left arm. On day 6, she presented with 0/10 pain, no paresthesia, and an improved 14/26 MPS score. Participant 3 presented an MPS score of 8/26 and a primary complaint of Urinary Incontinence (UI). Referrals were made from her doctor (GP) to multiple physiotherapists, including postpartum specialists. However, they were unsuccessful. On day 6, she presented an improved MPS score of 18/26 with a 10-day follow-up of zero urinary incontinence issues. This case series is a small step in the right direction; however, further high-caliber studies are required to add further validation to the utility of The MPS Model and Movement Quality focused Rehabilitation – Functional Movement Therapy.

121. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Real-World Effects of a Combined Computerized Cognitive and Functional Skills Training Program in Mild Cognitive Impairment

121. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Real-World Effects of a Combined Computerized Cognitive and Functional Skills Training Program in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Effects of a 12-Week Functional Training Program on the Strength and Power of Chinese Adolescent Tennis Players

Functional training is any type of training designed to improve a specific movement or activity for fitness or high performance sports. This study examined the effect of functional training on the strength and power of young tennis players. 40 male tennis players were assigned to the functional training group (n = 20; age, 16.7 ± 0.4 years) or the conventional training group (n = 20; age, 16.5 ± 0.6 years). The functional training group received three 60 min sessions per week for 12 weeks, while the conventional training group participated in three sessions per week of mono-strength exercise for 12 weeks. Strength and power were measured according to the International Tennis Federation protocol at baseline, 6 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Both forms of training increased (p < 0.05) push-ups, wall squat test, over medicine ball throw, and standing long jump after 6 weeks of training, and the effect improved further as the 12-week mark approached. Except for the wall squat test (left) at 6 weeks, functional training showed no advantage over conventional training. After an additional 6 weeks of training, all measures of strength and power were better (p < 0.05) in the functional training group. Improvements in strength and power could occur after as little as 6 weeks of functional training, and 12-week functional training could outperform conventional training in male adolescent tennis players.

A single-set functional training program increases muscle power, improves functional fitness, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Aging can be associated with reduced muscle power, functional decline, and increased plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Functional training (FT) can improve muscle power, functional fitness and reduce plasma cytokines. However, the functional training optimal volume required to produce these adaptations must be clarified. Our study analyzed the effects of multiple-set functional training (MSFT) and single-set functional training (SSFT) on postmenopausal women's muscle power, functional fitness, and inflammatory profile. Methods: Forty-three women were randomly allocated into three groups: multiple-set functional training (n = 16, age 64.13 ± 5.17), single-set functional training (n = 14, age 63.79 ± 4.88), and control group (CG, n = 13, age 64.62 ± 5.44). The bench press and squat exercises evaluated upper and lower limb muscle power. The following tests assessed functional fitness: putting on and taking off a T-shirt, gallon-jug shelf-transfer, standing up and walking around the house, five times sit-to-stand, and 400-m walk. Plasma cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL 10) concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training increased upper and lower limbs muscle power and improved functional fitness, except for the putting on and taking off a T-shirt test. Multiple-set functional training reduced TNF-α and IL-6, while single-set functional training reduced only TNF-α. IL-10 was unaffected by exercise. Discussion: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training, therefore, promoted similar muscle power and functional fitness improvements over 24weeks. Multiple-set functional training was more effective than single-set functional training, reducing both TNF and IL-6, while single-set functional training only decreased TNF-α.

Impact of Functional Training on Functional Movement and Athletic Performance in College Dragon Boat Athletes.

Functional training has become a popular training method in different sports, yet limited studies have focused on paddle sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional training on functional movement and athletic performance in college dragon boat athletes. A total of 42 male athletes were divided into 2 groups: a functional training (FT) group (n = 21, 21 ± 1.47 years) and a regular training (RT) group (n = 21, 22 ± 1.50 years). The FT group participated in an 8-week (16-session) functional-training program, while the RT group trained with strength-training sessions. Functional movement screen (FMS), Y-balance test (YBT) and athletic performance evaluations were conducted before and after the intervention. Repeated measure ANOVA and t-test evaluations were employed to examine differences for both groups. The FT group was significantly improved in FMS scores (F = 0.191, p < 0.001) and YBT scores (F = 2.59, p = 0.027), and it also showed significantly improved muscular fitness (pull-ups: F = 0.127, p < 0.001; push-ups: F = 1.43, p < 0.001) and rowing speed (F = 4.37, p = 0.004). It is recommended to include functional training as a part of training and routine exercise, as it appears to be an effective way of improving FMS and athletic performance in paddle sports.