Task-specific cortical modulation induced by Tai Chi during postural control in older adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: An fNIRS study.

Assessing aging-related changes of the brain-heart interconnection using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Task-based fNIRS biomarkers of HD-tDCS treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

A multimodal fNIRS-based machine learning model for symptom assessment and treatment response prediction in schizophrenia.

Neural dynamics of aesthetic appreciation: fNIRS evidence from poetry reading.

Adaptive fusion of EEG and NIRS with explainable AI reveals neurophysiological markers of cognitive flexibility.

Functional cortical network alterations in Parkinson's disease with wearing-off revealed by resting-state fNIRS and graph theory.

Investigating cognitive fatigue recovery through mechanical massage and binaural beats: An AI-driven fNIRS study.

Circadian-dependent neural mechanisms of lighting optimization in underground transit environments: Evidence from fNIRS network analysis.

The effect of a single bout of moderate aerobic exercise on prefrontal activation during a cognitive-motor task in male university students: The moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Theta burst stimulation prior to stress exposure alters amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations.

Objective.Radiotherapy (RT) is widely used to treat brain tumors and metastases, but many survivors experience long-term cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that central nervous system damage may occur earlier than previously recognized. We studied whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can detect acute changes in brain functional signal variability during a single fraction of whole-brain RT (WBRT).Approach.We recorded fNIRS signals from 30 patients (n= 90 fractions) during WBRT. From these signals we analyzed fractional amplitude of physiological fluctuations (fAPF), spectral entropy (SE), and coefficient of variation (CV) across very low frequency (VLF < 0.1 Hz), respiratory (0.13-0.6 Hz), cardiac (0.6-5 Hz), and full-band frequency bands. Parameters were calculated for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, and water signals during the two radiation fields of a treatment fraction and in the time periods before, after, and between them.Main results.Statistically significant irradiation associated changes were observed across all parameters in the VLF and full-band frequency ranges (p< .05). In these ranges, irradiation was associated with decreased fAPF and increased SE and CV. In the respiratory and cardiac frequency ranges, significant effects were observed primarily in fAPF and CV, with decreases in respiratory-range fAPF and increases in cardiac-range fAPF, while CV changes resembled those observed in the VLF and full-band ranges. The temporal profiles differed between parameters; fAPF and SE had largest deviations in the interval between radiation fields, while CV increases were most pronounced during the radiation fields. Overall, the direction and magnitude of changes varied across parameters, highlighting complementary but non-uniform patterns of hemodynamic signal variability.Significance.These findings demonstrate that fNIRS can detect immediate, irradiation-associated modulations in brain physiological pulsations during WBRT, suggesting its potential for early brain imaging-based monitoring of radiation induced functional changes.

Functional connectivity disruptions and topological structure alterations centered around the sensorimotor network in disorders of consciousness: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Comparing terror management and time management: The effects of mortality awareness on time perception, delay discounting, and monetary allocation.

The impact of video speed on situation awareness and prefrontal cortex activation in soccer players.

Differential effects and underlying mechanisms of voluntary, forced, and combined exercise on ameliorating Alzheimer's disease pathophenotypes.

Bribery typically arises in power-asymmetric interpersonal interactions requiring immoral collaboration between a briber and a power-holder. While previous research has predominantly adopted a single-person aspect, the neurocognitive foundation of its collaborative nature remains largely unexplored. In this study (N = 112), we combined a novel dyadic behavioral paradigm, computational modeling, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning to investigate the cognitive mechanisms and inter-brain synchrony (INS) involved in bribery decision-making. Anonymous pairs participated in a multiround coin-guessing game involving two roles. Players could propose offers to earn rewards immorally (Bribery) or morally (Control), and judges decided whether to accept them. INS in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) were measured during decision-making. Behaviorally, fewer deals were reached in the Bribery condition, as computational modeling showed that the moral costs of bribery devalued both self-interest and the counterparts' gains. Neurally, distributed INS patterns in the PFC and rTPJ specifically represented bribery-related value information. Additionally, bribery-specific INS features-particularly those associated with moral cost, later decision phases, and rTPJ-accurately forecasted the overall bribery agreement rate across dyads. These findings highlight frontoparietal INS as a key neural marker of coordinated bribery-related information processing, advancing understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of interpersonal corruption.

College students are vulnerable to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, sleep disturbance, and stress-related psychological problems. Aerobic exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have each shown therapeutic potential in affective disorders, but evidence on their combined application in college students at suicide risk remains limited, particularly when neurophysiological outcomes are considered. To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects of aerobic exercise combined with rTMS on suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, sleep, and prefrontal functional activation in college students at suicide risk. This prospective single-centre non-randomised controlled pilot study will enrol students aged 18-21years who are identified as being at suicide risk by the Xinhai University Crisis Intervention System. At-risk participants will enter one of three groups: active rTMS plus aerobic exercise, sham rTMS plus aerobic exercise, or standardised group psychological intervention/usual support. A separately recruited healthy reference cohort will complete the same assessment schedule without active treatment. Active rTMS will be delivered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 10Hz and 120% of the individual motor threshold once daily for 2weeks. Aerobic exercise will be prescribed at a target heart-rate zone of 135-164 beats/min for 30-60min per session every 2days for 2weeks, with heart rate and adherence objectively monitored. The primary outcomes are changes in the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS) total score and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) standard score from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes include SIOSS and SDS dimensions, total sleep time, task-related and resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures, adherence, concomitant care, and adverse events. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Yancheng First People's Hospital (Approval No. 2023-K-230) and the Ethics Committee of INTI International University (Approval No. INTI-IU/FHLS-RC/BTCMI/AUGUST2022/003). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400079723.

Explicit and implicit emotion regulation in individuals with problematic internet use: Evidence from effective connectivity.

To compare acute hemoglobin responses during bench press (BP) exercise among bodybuilders (BB), powerlifters (PL), Paralympic powerlifters (PP), and untrained controls (CON), with emphasis on relative load and sport background. Thirty-eight participants (BB, n = 10; PL, n = 10; PP, n = 8; CON, n = 10) performed ten BP repetitions at 20%, 40%, and 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess oxygenated hemoglobin (O₂Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (tHb) responses over the C3-Cz-C4 region. Linear mixed models were used to test the effects of group, condition, and their interactions. The main effect of condition was significant for ΔO₂Hb in nine of ten channels and for ΔtHb in one channel (p_FDR_channel < 0.05). No group effects or group × condition interactions were observed for ΔO₂Hb, ΔHHb, or ΔtHb. Within-group post hoc analyses showed that ΔO₂Hb differences were observed mainly between 20 and 40% of 1RM (p_FDR_slice < 0.05), with fewer additional differences involving 60% of 1RM. Acute hemoglobin responses during BP were expressed primarily as ΔO₂Hb changes and were associated with relative load under the present low-to-moderate load conditions. Because group effects and group × condition interactions were not supported, these findings should be regarded as preliminary and descriptive rather than evidence of sport-specific adaptation or between-group differences in response magnitude. Observed O₂Hb changes represent regional hemodynamic responses, not direct measures of cortical activation or motor control processes.