Altered resting-state sensorimotor network in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An EEG study.

Association between executive dysfunction and mild to severe upper extremity deficits in stroke survivors: A resting state functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Distinct neural correlates between suicide attempters with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders: a multimodal imaging study.

Morpho-functional correlates of gait impairment in early Parkinson's disease patients: insights from a multimodal path modeling framework.

Biotypes of deeply phenotyped depressed patients reflect signatures of adverse childhood experience and depressive cognitive biases.

ADHD diagnosis and biomarker detection based on multimodal graph attention convolutional neural network.

Neurovascular dysregulation in the thalamic-temporo-occipital axis is linked to emotional blunting and visual imagery deficits in depression.

Effects of single/dual-target transcranial alternating current stimulation on working memory in healthy individuals.

Early effects of oral naltrexone on craving, resting state and cue-induced brain activation in opioid use disorder: a prospective fMRI study.

There is a significant association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and the onset of depression. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanism underpinning WMH-related vulnerability to depression through multimodal neuroimaging analyses of brain structural and functional network alterations. We recruited 48 WMH patients with depressive symptoms (WMH-D), 47 WMH patients without depressive symptoms (WMH-ND), and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). We first compared global functional connectivity (FC) derived from the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses across groups. Subsequent correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between neuroimaging findings and clinical characteristics. WMH-D patients exhibited significantly reduced FC between the central executive network (CEN) and default mode network (DMN), coupled with enhanced CEN-salience network (SN) connectivity, suggesting a characteristic triple-network dysregulation pattern. Additionally, concurrent functional and structural alterations in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) demonstrated positive correlations with both depressive severity (r = 0.371, p < 0.009) and disease duration (r = 0.302, p = 0.037). The study identifies a triple-network (DMN-SN-CEN) functional connectivity signature in WMH-related depression, suggesting potential neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. The identified STG abnormalities, manifesting as concurrent structural-functional deficits, may constitute the neural substrate linking cerebrovascular pathology to depressive symptomatology. These overlapping alterations provide a promising therapeutic target for early intervention strategies.

Dysfunction of the superior occipital gyrus in individuals with subclinical social anxiety and its mediating effect on gray matter structure.

Identifying brain activation regions and functional connectivity changes in stroke rehabilitation using fNIRS

Teacher praise and criticism significantly influence students' learning and emotional development, yet the neural basis of how males and females process evaluative language remains unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine gender differences in neural responses to emotional evaluation in educational contexts. A total of 35 female and 34 male students were recruited to listen to audio recordings of teacher evaluations with positive, negative, and neutral valences while their brain activity was monitored. Self-esteem and depression were incorporated as covariates in generalised linear model (GLM) and repeated-measures ANOVA analyses. The results showed that although there were no gender differences in behavioural responses, the brain activation (particularly in the right DLPFC) and functional connectivity (particularly inter-hemispheric connectivity) of men showed a preference for negative evaluations, while women showed a preference for positive evaluations. Male students also showed stronger local efficiency (i.e., more segregated processing and synchronised local neural circuitry) when responding to emotional stimuli, whereas females showed more global efficiency (i.e., more integrated, widespread and interconnected whole-brain processing). These findings reveal fundamental gender divergences in neural processing of social-evaluative stimuli, highlighting distinct neurocognitive strategies for emotional regulation and may help tailor teaching communication to support diverse student needs.

Perineuronal nets in the insular cortex shape salience-related behaviour in diabetes.

Lesions causing aphantasia are connected to the fusiform imagery node.

Cerebellar magnetic stimulation increased beta power and phase synchronisation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

Long-term dietary interventions fail to mitigate functional connectivity loss and cognitive decline in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Hyperfamiliarity for faces (HFF) is a rare condition in which unfamiliar faces evoke an abnormal sense of familiarity. We present a case study of Nell, a 49-year-old woman who developed hyperfamiliarity following a severe migraine. Using a combination of behavioural and neuroimaging approaches, we investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying her condition. Behaviourally, Nell demonstrated accurate recognition of famous and personally familiar faces, but frequently misclassified unfamiliar faces as familiar. Structural MRI scans revealed no overt abnormalities, and functional imaging showed a typical pattern of face-selective activation within the core face-processing regions. To probe familiarity-related neural responses, Nell viewed movie clips from Game of Thrones, a series she had never seen. A whole-brain analysis showed that neural activity in her medial temporal lobe (MTL) more closely resembled control participants who were familiar with the series than those who were unfamiliar. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses revealed that her core face-processing regions exhibited connectivity patterns with the MTL that were similar to familiar controls. These findings suggest that HFF may arise from atypical functional connectivity between the core face network and memory-related regions in the MTL, leading to a spurious sense of familiarity in the absence of recognition. This case offers novel insights into the neural systems supporting face familiarity and highlights the dissociability of familiarity and identification processes in face perception.

Negative motor areas: functional connectivity using stereoelectroencephalography.

Common and distinct patterns of aberrant amygdala functional connectivity in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A voxel-wise comparative meta-analysis.