Functional Characteristics Research Articles

Association between lumbar spine kinematics and falls in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a cross-sectional study.

The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively assess the characteristics of lumbar spine motor function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) who experienced falls and to determine the association between falls and lumbar spine motion. This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with clinically and radiologically defined LSS indicated for surgical treatment at a single center. The lumbar motion task consisted of bending forward to the maximum range of motion of the lumbar spine in the standing position, followed by a return to the upright position. The occurrence of falls in the past year was recorded. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between falls and lumbar spine motion while using basic characteristics, general fall risk assessment, and known fall-related factors in patients with LSS as adjustment variables. A total of 102 participants were analyzed; 43 participants had a history of falls. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that delayed lumbar spine motion was significantly associated with the occurrence of falls (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-6.03). The results of this study suggest that delayed lumbar motion is an important factor associated with falls in patients with LSS.

Cottonseed protein concentrate as an effective substitute to fish meal in pike perch (Sander luciperca) feed: evidence from growth performance and intestinal responses of immune function and microflora

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the response characteristics of intestinal immune function and microflora of pike perch (Sander luciperca) receiving cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) as a substitute for fishmeal.MethodsA basal diet was formulated to contain 55% fish meal, and then CPC was used to replace 0% (CPC0), 20% (CPC1), 40% (CPC2), and 60% (CPC3) of dietary fish meal. The four diets were fed to pikeperch with an initial body weight of 3.55 ± 0.01 g for 8 weeks.ResultsThe results revealed that there were no significant effects of dietary CPC levels on survival rate, mass gain rate, and specific growth rate. The highest value for the feeding efficiency ratio was found in the CPC3 group and was significantly higher than that of the control group. Significantly lower values for the hepatosomatic index, crude ash content, and higher crude protein content were observed in the CPC3 group. Trypsin activity in the CPC3 group was lowest compared to the control group and CPC1 group. Among the three CPC substitution groups, increases in intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione content, and anti-inflammatory factor expression, and downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors were observed with increasing CPC substitution. The injury degree of the intestinal mechanical barrier was mitigated along with relief of oxidative damage and inflammation with increasing CPC substitution ratios.Discussion and conclusionIn conclusion, 60% of fish meal can be replaced by CPC based on the above results. However, increasing dietary CPC substitution slightly increased Firmicutes abundance and significantly decreased Actinobacteriota abundance, but the abundance of Proteobacteria in the CPC3 group was appreciably increased. An increase in Staphylococcus and a reduction of Lactobacillus were observed in the CPC2 and CPC3 groups. Igf1 expression was significantly downregulated with increasing CPC substitution. Henceforth, the above two limiting factors should be considered key breakthroughs in improving the effectiveness of replacing fish meal with CPC in pikeperch. The current findings provide a significant reference and breakthrough in improving the effectiveness of replacing fishmeal with CPC in pikeperch diets.

Cognitive and metabolic signatures of early and late-onset depression: A comparative study.

Cognitive and metabolic signatures of early and late-onset depression: A comparative study.

Networked Microgrid Energy Management Considering Ownership and Control Structures: A Comparison

With the growing deployment of microgrids, networked microgrids have emerged for their additional advantages of economy, reliability and resilience by coordinating the operation of multiple microgrids. As microgrids are operated with different ownership, objectives and functionalities, the formed networked microgrids show characteristics of mixed ownership, inconsistent objectives and various functionalities. To enable the coordinated operation of networked microgrids, three control structures, i.e., centralized, distributed and decentralized, have been constructed in the literature. However, the data sharing enabling these different paradigms and the resulted value propositions are not well defined, leading to poor resource management and resilience, etc. To solve this issue, a complete comparison of networked microgrid energy management under centralized, distributed and decentralized structures are performed. As a novel contribution, the required minimum data exchange of networked microgrid energy management under three control structures are identified, respectively. The value propositions are calculated and compared against each other by the results of case studies.

The state of the immunophenotype of blood lymphocytes in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the post-COVID period

Background. Today, the indicators of the subpopulation blood composition are one of the key characteristics of immune function. These parameters are of particular importance in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the post-COVID period. However, research data on the state of the lymphocyte immunophenotype in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with different body mass index (BMI) in the post-COVID period are extremely scarce and controversial. Aim of the study: to determine the lymphocyte immunophenotype (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD56+ T cells) in the blood of patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with different BMI in the post-COVID period. Materials and methods. The study involved 98 individuals with the onset of T2DM that occurred within 3 months after COVID-19, with different BMI, and 94 patients with the onset of T2DM in the pre-pandemic period and with different BMI. The comparison groups consisted of 93 normoglycemic people who have suffered coronavirus disease, with different BMI, and 88 normoglycemic people with different BMI without COVID history. The examined subjects were divided into 4 subgroups depending on BMI: 1) < 25.5 kg/m2; 2) 25.9–29.9 kg/m2; 3) 30.0–34.9 kg/m2; 4) > 35.0 kg/m2. The lymphocyte immunophenotype in the blood was determined by flow cytometry using a FACStar plus laser cytofluorimeter and a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte membrane antigens. Results. Patients with TD2M in the post-COVID period were characterized by a significant decrease in the absolute number of all lymphocyte subpopulations compared to pre-COVID patients and normoglycemic people before and after COVID. When distributing patients into 4 subgroups according to BMI, a progressive decrease in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD56+ T cells was revealed compared to those with newly diagnosed T2D before COVID-19, in whom, on the contrary, a progressive increase in all lymphocyte subpopulations was noted. A similar increase in the absolute number of CD4+ T cells depending on BMI was also noted in normoglycemic individuals, but it was less pronounced. Conclusions. Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in the post-COVID period were characterized by a decrease in the number of all lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood, which is most pronounced in concomitant obesity. It indicates the immunosuppressive effect of coronavirus disease on the state of the immune system in patients with the onset of T2DM in post-COVID period and with different BMI.

Sperm Separation and Selection Techniques to Mitigate Sperm DNA Damage.

Semen preparation and sperm selection techniques exploit the morphological and physiological characteristics of sperm function, including motility, morphology, density, and maturity, as reflected by their cell-surface charge and the expression of hyaluronan receptors. The various methods employed have a common purpose of mimicing sperm selection within the female reproductive tract and, thereby, increasing the likelihood that oocytes will be fertilised by spermatozoa with intact nuclear DNA and a normal genome. Indeed, the paternal genome is relevant to embryonic genome activation and blastocyst development, and has a fundamental impact upon successful implantation, ongoing pregnancy and live birth. The clinical use of both well-established and some more recently developed techniques is discussed in this comparative clinical review of sperm separation from seminal plasma and selection for insemination.

Reinforcement of Carbazole-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with excellent hole conduction capabilities significantly improve the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the amphiphilic nature of SAMs causes the spontaneous formation of spherical micelles in solution, limiting their surface coverage and uniformity on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Furthermore, the distribution of the SAMs directly affects the morphology of perovskite films and the charges transfer properties at the buried interface. This study employs a cosolvent strategy combining n-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide to improve the uniform spreading of SAMs on ITO. The synergistic interaction between the solvent molecules smooths the surface of [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) and enhances its surface coverage. The cosolvent based MeO-2PACz has the characteristics of concentrated surface potential distribution and high work function, exhibiting uniform and enhanced P-type behavior. Additionally, the cosolvent-treated SAMs provide uniform nucleation sites for the crystallization of perovskite, effectively eliminating void defects at the buried interface and improving the crystallinity of perovskite films. Consequently, the optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.51% and a fill factor of 84.38%. Furthermore, the ordered SAMs improve the stability of PSCs, with encapsulated device retaining 92.63% of its initial PCE after operating for 1500 h under simulated AM 1.5G standard irradiation in air at 65 °C.

Investigation of plasma decay in BP-HiPIMS discharges

Abstract Investigation of the plasma decay mechanism from energy and density temporal/spatial evolutions together is important and urgent in the novel bipolar-pulse high power impulse magnetron sputtering (BP-HiPIMS) discharge for adjusting the deposited ion energy flux. In this work, temporal and spatial characteristics of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) have been systematically investigated using a time-resolved (250 ns) Langmuir probe to obtain the plasma decay process clearly. The plasma decay has a typical characteristic of three-step during the positive pulse. At the initial period of positive pulse (Step 1), the existence of hot electrons and potential gradient force can accelerate the plasma density decay even up to ~1015 m-3/μs. As the electron energy are cooled to several eVs, the plasma decay is dominated by the density gradient pressure with an ion sound velocity (0.5－0.7 kms-1), which can increase the downstream electron density (Step 2). As the redistribution of plasma density in the whole discharge domain, the electron density decay is exponential (Step 3) and the maximum decay rate is near the target due to the higher density gradient, while the maximum electron temperature is away from the target. Along the density gradient diffusion, the relation between electron density and temperature in BP-HiPIMS satisfies the well-known Boltzmann relation ne＝n0exp(eVp/kTe). In addition, the EEDF characteristics in the BP-HiPIMS operated with an auxiliary anode and solenoid coil have also been investigated in this work, where an increase in electron density and plasma diffusion mobility has been observed after applying the anode or solenoid coil. These temporal and spatial EEDFs allow us to understand the complex plasma physics in the emerged BP-HiPIMS discharge clearly, especially with the view of high-energy and low-energy electron loss and balance.

Left atrial stiffness index by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography:association with exercise capacity in hypertension-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of left atrial function and its utility compared with exercise E/e’(Ex-E/e’). To explore the diagnostic value of three dimensional left atrial stiffness index(3D-LASI) in predicting exercise ability in hypertension(HT) and hypertension-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HT-HFpEF) patients. Methods The study population consisted of 62 healthy subjects and 163 patients with hypertension (112 patients in the simple HT group and 51 patients in the HT-HFpEF group) from July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2023. Standard two dimensional and three dimensional ultrasonic images were collected and analyzed, especially the 3D left atrial function were evaluated.Treadmill exercise stress test was performed, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded.To evaluate the diagnostic value of 3D-LASI (E/e’/LASr and E/e’/LASr-c) in HT and HT-HFpEF patients’ exercise capacity. Results Compared with the healthy subjects, the HT group’s left atrial volume of different phase increased and strain value decreased (p < 0.05). In HT-HFpEF group, the longitudinal strain of reserve phase(LASr),circumferential strain of reserve and contraction phase(LASr-c,LASct-c) furtherd decreased. The E/e’/LASr and E/e’/LASr-c were significantly correlated with METs (r=-0.498, p < 0.001;r=-0.412, p < 0.001) , through multiple regression model analysis, E/e’/LASr and E/e’/LASr-c remained independent predictors of metabolic equivalents(METs) .The E/e’/LASr and E/e’/LASr-c(AUC, 0.845;AUC,0.809) demonstrated great value for identify HT-HFpEF with reduced exercise capacity by receiver operating characteristic curves and E/e’/LASr had similar diagnostic efficacy compared with Ex-E/e’(AUC: 0.845 vs 0.876, p=0.239 dron test)). Conclusion The left atrial stiffness in HT-HFpEF patients can be evaluated by 3D speckle tracking technology, including rapid acquisition of different phase parameters.The E/e’/LASr and E/e’/LASr -c as indicators of atrioventricular compliance plays key role in maintaining left atrial function, and E/e’/LASr is an independent predictor of exercise ability and with similar diagnostic value to Ex-E/e’ in HT-HFpEF patients. correlation analysis heat map ROC for identify HT-HFpEF

Enhancing myocardial function assessment in hypertension patients through the integration of exercise stress echocardiography and pressure-strain loop technique.

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the characteristics of myocardial work(MW) and reserve function in left ventricular remodeling hypertension (LVRH) patients through exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) and pressure-strain loop (PSL) technique,and further to investigate the associations of MW parameters with the exercise capacity in this observational study. Methods One hundred and five hypertensive patients with left ventricular remodeling{Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) ≥115 g/m2 (male) and LVMI ≥95 g/m2 (female)} underwent ESE examination according to established guidelines, the test was terminated at 85% of the target heart rate. Additionally, 59 healthy subjects were included as a control group. Speckle tracking software was utilized for analysis, the myocardial work parameters were calculated by combining the longitudinal strain with the noninvasive left ventricular pressure curve.Exercise capacity and reserve function,global and segment work index were evaluated and analysed. Results Global work index (GWI) , global constructive work (GCW) and global wasted work (GWW) were significantly increased both at rest and peak in LVRH group, while global work efficincy(GWE) were decreased. The GWI from basal to apiex both at rest and peak showed increasing trend in the order of the control group. GWI-rest showed prominent relation with exercise metabolic equivalent(METs)(r=-0.502,p＜0.001),E/e-peak ( (r=0.612,p＜0.001), ΔGobal longitudinal strain (GLS) (r=0.421,p＜0.001).Further GWI-rest and ΔGWI as well as E/e-peak add increased predictive utility of exercise capacity, superior to the change in GLS .The myocardial work reserve function can be available for predicting patients with LVRH{ΔGWI，AUC: 0.869 (95%CI,0.815−0.924), providing incremental value for LVRH diagnostic performance. Conclusion MW parameters can reflect the contractile force under hemodynamic overload,provide a more comprehensive and compelling perspective for evaluating cardiac function. GWI is an important predictor of systolic and diastolic function and a variable closely related to exercise endurance in patients with LVRH. comparison rest and peak parameters ROC for identify LVH patients

The Role of mtDNA Mutations in Atherosclerosis: The Influence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Macrophage Polarization.

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process associated with high-mortality cardiovascular diseases. Today, there is a growing body of evidence linking atherosclerosis to mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). But the mechanism of this link is insufficiently studied. Atherosclerosis progression involves different cell types and macrophages are one of the most important. Due to their high plasticity, macrophages can demonstrate pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic (macrophage type M1) or anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic (macrophage type M2) effects. These two cell types, formed as a result of external stimuli, differ significantly in their metabolic profile, which suggests the central role of mitochondria in the implementation of the macrophage polarization route. According to this, we assume that mtDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disturbances can play the role of an internal trigger, leading to the formation of macrophage M1 or M2. This review provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of mitochondrial function in different types of macrophages and their possible associations with mtDNA mutations linked with inflammation-based pathologies including atherosclerosis.

The Influences of Corporate Governance Mechanism and Compliance Function on Sharia Compliance of Indonesian Islamic Banks

This study aims to analyze the influences of the characteristics of Sharia Supervisory Board, Audit Committee, Internal Audit, and Compliance Function on sharia compliance in Sharia Commercials Banks in Indonesia. The characteristics of Sharia Supervisory Board is proxied by SSB size, and the characteristics of audit committee is proxied by the frequency of meetings. Moreover, the characteristics of internal audit and compliance function are proxied by members’ competencies, size, and work programs. Sharia compliance is measured using sharia compliance indicators. The study uses panel data regression analysis by combining the cross-section data from seven Sharia Commercial Banks and time-series data within ten years. The result of this study indicates that the member competencies and size of internal audit and compliance function have positive effects on sharia compliance. This research contributes to the improvement of the internal audit function that not only ensures that management can achieve the entity's objectives through the correct mechanism, especially in Islamic banks that have a mission to maintain sharia compliance. Therefore, this study also recommends increasing the competence of internal audit human resources, especially the understanding of contracts and practices in Islamic banks.

Engineering version of the Lyapunov function method for control system synthesis

Replacing the energy function, which is a solution of the Lyapunov function, with a quadratic form, is proposed. The function consists of the most informative indicators — the tracking error and its derivatives. Meant to suppress uncertainties, a «large gain» is added as a multiplier, which imparts a robust property to the system without violating stability. To ensure the negativeness of the energy function derivative, an «inverse sign switching» algorithm is introduced. Some examples of «inverse switches» in software implementation are considered. The static characteristic of the Lyapunov function V-s and the phase portrait of the control system, in which the equal-level lines with a large gain are pulled to the attractor without feedback, are presented. Qualitative analysis by using MatLab/Simulink on the example of controlling the «peak gyroscope» showed the proper efficiency of the conducted research. Keywords Lyapunov function, matrix equation, energy function, stability, sign indicator, sign opposition, robust system, phase portrait, attractor, «peak gyroscope», MatLab

One-Hour Postload Glucose Is a More Sensitive Marker of Impaired β-Cell Function Than Two-Hour Postload Glucose.

There is evidence that 1-h plasma glucose (PG) during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is superior to 2-h PG in predicting diabetes. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function behind this observation. After age, sex and BMI matching, 496 subjects selected from 3965 non-diabetic individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in a tertiary medical center were categorized into four groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio based on OGTT results: 1) 1 h < 8.6 mmol/L and 2 h < 7.8 mmol/L (normal glucose tolerance [NGT] /1h-normal); 2) 1 h ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and 2 h < 7.8 mmol/L (NGT/1h-high); 3) 1 h < 8.6 mmol/L and 2 h ≥ 7.8 mmol/L (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]/1h-normal); and 4) 1 h ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and 2 h ≥ 7.8 mmol/L (IGT/1h-high). Compared with subjects with IGT/1h-normal, those with NGT/1h-high exhibited similar extent of insulin resistance but lower early-phase insulin secretion. Additionally, participants with NGT/1h-high had lower disposition index at both 0-30 min and 0-120 min than those with IGT/1h-normal. The fitted regression line relating PG to log-transformed disposition index (0-30 min and 0-120 min) was significantly steeper for 1-h than 2-h PG. In conclusion, 1-h PG seemed to be more sensitive to the deterioration in β-cell function than 2-h PG. The use of 1-h PG may identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes at an earlier stage.

Stochastic simulation of soil moisture dynamics in farmland in the eastern region of the Songnen Plain.

Soil moisture is the core of the hydrological cycle in agroecosystems, and most of the studies on soil moisture dynamics modeling adopt deterministic research methods, which are not well suited to study the hydrological processes in agricultural fields under changing conditions. Therefore, the present study adopts a stochastic approach to reveal the distribution characteristics of soil moisture in agroecosystems under the effects of soil, climate, vegetation, and other influencing factors. Using soil moisture and precipitation data and based on a stochastic model of soil moisture dynamics, the point-scale soil moisture dynamic characteristics and soil moisture probability density function of farmland systems in the Songnen Plain region were investigated. The soil moisture of maize in the study area showed a certain degree of stochasticity, and the curve characteristics of the probability density function of soil moisture p(s) obtained from the simulation were very close to those of the measured p(s). It shows that the stochastic model can effectively simulate the probability density function of soil moisture in the study area, which can provide a theoretical basis and scientific method for efficiently using soil and water resources in the area.

Prevotella copri exhausts intrinsic indole-3-pyruvic acid in the host to promote breast cancer progression: inactivation of AMPK via UHRF1-mediated negative regulation

ABSTRACT Emerging evidence has revealed the novel role of gut microbiota in the development of cancer. The characteristics of function and composition in the gut microbiota of patients with breast cancer patients has been reported, however the detailed causation between gut microbiota and breast cancer remains uncertain. In the present study, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Prevotella, particularly the dominant species Prevotella copri, is significantly enriched and prevalent in gut microbiota of breast cancer patients. Prior-oral administration of P. copri could promote breast cancer growth in specific pathogen-free mice and germ-free mice, accompanied with sharp reduction of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA). Mechanistically, the present of excessive P. copri consumed a large amount of tryptophan (Trp), thus hampering the physiological accumulation of IPyA in the host. Our results revealed that IPyA is an intrinsic anti-cancer reagent in the host at physiological level. Briefly, IPyA directly suppressed the transcription of UHRF1, following by the declined UHRF1 and PP2A C in nucleus, thus inhibiting the phosphorylation of AMPK, which is just opposite to the cancer promoting effect of P. copri. Therefore, the exhaustion of IPyA by excessive P. copri strengthens the UHRF1-mediated negative control to inactivated the energy-controlling AMPK signaling pathway to promote tumor growth, which was indicated by the alternation in pattern of protein expression and DNA methylation. Our findings, for the first time, highlighted P. copri as a risk factor for the progression of breast cancer.

The effect of virtual reality-based intervention programs on cognitive function improvement in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality intervention programs for improving cognitive function among individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Literature published up to September 2024 and indexed in academic journals was reviewed. International databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, were utilized alongside domestic databases such as RISS, KISS, and DBpia. A total of four studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the final analysis. Statistical analyses, including effect size and heterogeneity calculations, were performed using R version 4.0.2. Results: The findings revealed a large effect size (0.90) for the improvement of cognitive function through virtual reality intervention programs, with statistical significance (p &lt; .001). These results provide valuable evidence supporting the development and implementation of virtual reality-based simulation programs tailored to specific intervention goals, reflecting the differences and characteristics of cognitive function. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of virtual reality interventions to enhance the quality of life and rehabilitation of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The results are expected to contribute to the establishment of more systematic and effective intervention strategies in clinical and research settings.

Numerical Analysis of Levee Failure Characteristics for Flood Hydrograph Patterns

Recent climate change has significantly affected the magnitude and frequency of rainfall, which critically affects the safety of levees and leads to severe flooding damage when levees fail. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the shape of flood hydrographs on levee failure characteristics using numerical analysis. Three types of flood hydrographs derived from lognormal, beta, and Weibull probability density functions (PDFs) were utilized, with each showing differences in the timing and magnitude of the peak flows. Levee overtopping and failure phenomena were simulated using a three-dimensional numerical analysis model, namely, FLOW-3D. The simulation results indicate that the failure patterns of levees vary, depending on the PDF used, with the lognormal PDF showing significant levee failure, owing to relatively high initial flows. These results suggest that a rapid increase in the flow at the onset is a direct factor that causes levee failure. These numerical analysis results highlight the importance of understanding the characteristics of each probability density function to accurately predict and effectively respond to levee failure risk. Future research should focus on a more precise analysis of levee failure mechanisms as well as the propagation and impacts of flood waves resulting from such failures.

Perioperative coagulation management in liver transplantation: a theoretical and practical exploration

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of changes in coagulation function in different pathophysiological states during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of liver transplantation, along with its corresponding monitoring and clinical management strategies, and to provide our center's experience to other medical institutions. Methods: By reporting and analyzing the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with secondary liver failure after hepatectomy in the perioperative period of liver transplantation, we summarize the characteristics of coagulation function in the perioperative period of liver transplantation as well as the management strategies, taking into account the consensus of relevant domestic and international guidelines. Results: In this case report, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the different stages of perioperative liver transplantation differed significantly, and the corresponding changes in coagulation function were complex and difficult to measure. The coagulation characteristics of the perioperative stages can be summarized as preoperative platelet and coagulation factor deficiencies, intraoperative hypocoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis, postoperative incomplete recovery of coagulation function, and the coexistence of the risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis throughout the entire process, which should be treated with goal-oriented transfusion of blood products, anticoagulation, and antifibrinolysis, according to dynamic changes of the coagulation system, platelet counts, thrombus-related test indexes, and the overall function of the coagulation system such as the thromboelastogram. Under the premise of dynamic monitoring of relevant indicators, appropriate and moderate treatment should be given to maintain the relative homeostasis among the three systems of coagulation promotion, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis, which not only avoids bleeding of vital organs caused by hypocoagulation, but also reduces the risk of perioperative thrombotic complications, and accurate monitoring and individualized treatment can improve the prognosis of the patients. Conclusion: Coagulation management in the perioperative period of liver transplantation is complex and variable, requiring enhanced monitoring and active and effective interventions. This study provides an important reference for the perioperative diagnosis and treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease and summarizes the effective management experience.

MPCD Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on Mitochondrial Function and Cell Death Patterns.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with a poor prognosis. During the development of cancer cells, mitochondria influence various cell death patterns by regulating metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and cell death patterns in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we used a comprehensive machine learning framework to construct a mitochondrial functional activity-associated programmed cell death index (MPCDI) based on scRNA-seq and RNA-seq data from TCGA, GEO, and ICGC datasets. The index signature was used to classify HCC patients, and studied the multi-omics features, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of the subtypes. Finally, we constructed the MPCDI signature consisting of four genes (S100A9, FYN, LGALS3, and HMOX1), which was one of the independent risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients. The HCC patients were divided into high- and low-MPCDI groups, and the immune status was different between the two groups. Patients with a high MPCDI had higher TIDE scores and poorer responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that high-MPCDI patients might not be suitable for immunotherapy. By analyzing the drug sensitivity data of CTRP, GDSC, and PRISM databases, it was found that staurosporine has potential therapeutic significance for patients with a high MPCDI. In summary, based on the characteristics of mitochondria function and PCD patterns, we used single-cell and transcriptome data to identify four genes and construct the MPCDI signature, which provided new perspectives and directions for the clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment of HCC patients.