Abstract In recent years, there has been growing interest in the field of functional neural networks. They have been proposed and studied with the aim of approximating continuous functionals defined on sets of functions on Euclidean domains. In this paper, we consider functionals defined on sets of functions on spheres. The approximation ability of deep ReLU neural networks is analyzed using an encoder-decoder framework on the unit sphere. An encoder is introduced first to accommodate the infinite-dimensional nature of the functional’s domain. It utilizes spherical harmonics to help us extract the latent finite-dimensional information of functions, which in turn facilitates in the next step of approximation analysis using fully connected neural networks. Moreover, real-world objects are frequently sampled discretely and are often corrupted by noise. Therefore, encoders with discrete inputs and those with discrete and random noise inputs are constructed, respectively. The approximation rates with different encoder structures are provided therein.

The Mosuo, a matrilineal ethnic group from Southwest China, are known for their unique family structure, characterized by maternal kin-based inheritance and the "Sese" practice of dual-residence marriage. Children are primarily raised within the maternal family, with males having caregiving roles toward their sister's offspring rather than their biological children. This study examined Mosuo children's attachment networks with multiple caregivers and explored their psychological perceptions of fathers and maternal uncles while also assessing family functioning, compared with patrilineal groups. Analysis was performed on the collected data sets from three distinct groups: Mosuo (N = 304, Mage = 15.31), non-Mosuo (N = 311, Mage = 14.12)-students in the same classes and residential areas as the Mosuo but from various ethnic patrilineal backgrounds-and Han families (N = 1,084, Mage = 14.05). Mothers and grandmothers are central in the attachment networks of Mosuo children, unlike in other groups that prioritize mothers and fathers. Mosuo children reported lower father presence but gave higher scores to maternal uncle presence compared with the other groups. Notably, no significant difference was found between father and uncle scores among the Mosuo, a contrast not seen in other groups that favor fathers. While Mosuo family functions generally scored lower than Han families, they did not lag in communication, emotional responsiveness, or involvement. Family structure uniquely influences the networks between children and caregivers across various sociocultural contexts. However, families may differ in the roles assigned within the family and in their approach to problem solving. They can, however, variably adapt their own styles of affective interaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Aim . Using colour descriptions of a chestnut, which function in the texts of various discourses, to describe a segment of the colour conceptual sphere of the floristic space in the Russian language. Methodology . An analysis of functioning of colouristic descriptions of a chestnut in the texts of various discourses was carried out, which made it possible to create a comprehensive description of a segment of the colour conceptual sphere of the Russian language. At various stages of the study the following methods were used: continuous sampling, descriptive-analytical, contextual, directed associative experiment, and quantitative data processing. Results . The composition of colour terms actualized in colour perception and visualization of a chestnut was identified (27); colour dominants were defined, as well as unique descriptions of the plant. Methods for refining the colour meaning using composites of various compositions (22) and colour chains (6) were described. Methods of expanding the spectrum of lexemes with the meaning of colour intensity, with implicit colour, with the meaning of ‘to be in bloom’, ‘to lose colour’, ‘light’ and ‘darkness’ were identified. The compatibility of colour terms with phytonym-related lexemes, spatial, somatic, visage-related, etc. was described. The functionality of chestnut descriptions was revealed, which is realized mainly in the ontological, pictorial-expressive, prototypical function, in the function of colour chronotype creating. A list of colour designations based on chestnut descriptions was compiled – 107 units, 79 of which were not previously recorded in colour terms dictionaries; the specifics of their creation and functioning were described. Research implications . The study contributes to the description of the colour conceptual sphere of the floristic space of the Russian language.

Abstract Background In SERENA-6, switching to CAMI from AI while continuing CDK4/6i at emergence of ESR1m during first-line therapy in pts with HR+/HER2− ABC significantly improved PFS, was well tolerated, and reduced the risk of deterioration in quality of life vs AI + CDK4/6i. Photopsia was the most commonly reported non-hematological adverse event (AE) (20% CAMI + CDK4/6i vs 8% AI + CDK4/6i). Previous data suggest that visual effects with CAMI + CDK4/6i are mild, of short duration and have no/minimal impact on activities of daily living. We report a detailed analysis of pt-reported visual functioning and further details of visual effects in SERENA-6. Methods AE incidence, grade (NCI-CTCAE v5.0), and time to onset were recorded for the visual effects group term (photopsia, vision blurred, visual impairment, diplopia, photophobia, and visual perseveration). Ophthalmologic assessments, including fundoscopy, slit lamp, visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography, were conducted at baseline, as clinically indicated, and at end of treatment. Pt-reported visual functioning (measured by the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire [NEI-25]) was an exploratory endpoint. The NEI-25 was completed at baseline, every 6 months thereafter, and at treatment discontinuation. Data cutoff: Nov 28, 2024. Results Overall, 49 (32%) pts in the CAMI + CDK4/6i arm and 25 (16.1%) pts in the AI + CDK4/6i arm reported a visual effect AE. Among the 49 pts in the CAMI + CDK4/6i arm, visual effects were G1 in 44 (90%) pts, G2 in 4 (8%) pts, and G3 (photopsia) in 1 (2%) pt. Median time to first report of a visual effect AE was 8 days with CAMI + CDK4/6i and 23 days with AI + CDK4/6i. Visual effects did not lead to treatment discontinuation in either arm. Clinically significant ophthalmological findings were rare (<6%), unilateral, non-progressive, and occurred at similar frequencies in both arms. Visual effects did not lead to changes in visual acuity and structural evaluations indicated preserved retinal and optic nerve integrity. Mean scores in NEI-25 items, including ability to drive, perform near/distant activities and role function, at Weeks 26 and 52 were similar to baseline scores and comparable between arms (Table). NEI-25 items not reported here show a similar pattern. Conclusions Pt-reported visual functioning with CAMI + CDK4/6i was similar to the AI + CDK4/6i arm. Visual effects reported with CAMI + CDK4/6i were mostly low grade and occurred early in treatment. Together with the clinical efficacy and well-tolerated safety profile of CAMI + CDK4/6i, these data support this combination as a potential new treatment strategy for pts with HR+/HER2− ABC and emergent ESR1m during first-line AI + CDK4/6i. Citation Format: A. Brufsky, F. Bidard, E. L. Mayer, Y. Park, W. Janni, C. Ma, M. Cristofanilli, G. Bianchini, H. Iwata, P. A. Fasching, Z. Nowecki, J. Pascual, S. Chen, L. Moreau, M. Ruiz, A. Shai, N. Karadurmus, K. Jung, Y. Kikawa, R. Baird, C. Arizmendi, I. Leddin, S. McClain, C. Huang Bartlett, N. Turner. Visual functioning and characterization of visual effects from SERENA-6, a Phase 3 study of switch to camizestrant (CAMI) from aromatase inhibitor (AI) while continuing CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) at emergence of ESR1 mutations (ESR1m) during first-line therapy for patients (pts) with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-04.

Online User-Generated Content (UGC) offers valuable insights into the urban vitality of specific districts, with travelogues revealing tourists’ overall preferences and informing analyses of urban functionality. However, translating large-scale textual data into geographically anchored, preference-based information remains challenging due to the abstract and often weak spatial link in narrative descriptions. This study proposes a UGC-driven Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) workflow that integrates geocoded location data and visitation preference analysis into agents’ decision-making processes, enabling a bottom-up simulation of tourist behaviors derived from textual sources. Using the Pingjiang Historical and Cultural District as a case study, 16,053 travelogue entries (2009–2023) were analyzed, encoded, and simulated across four control groups. Results show that the UGC-driven ABM effectively reproduces movement patterns and vitality distributions, with traffic-related outputs aligning closely with Space Syntax analyses and POI-based heatmaps reflecting tourist preferences. The findings demonstrate that this approach provides a practical and scalable method for extracting and spatializing behavioral insights from textual data, offering applications in urban planning and tourism management.

Trauma exposure impairs personality functioning, mentalizing, and epistemic trust, yet the mechanisms linking these processes remain unclear. Using network analysis, we examined how narcissistic traits, personality functioning, reflective functioning, and epistemic stances interact across trauma profiles in emerging adults (N = 1,081; 72.4% female). Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF), Levels of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY-13), and Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ). Latent profile analysis identified three trauma profiles: low trauma, emotional trauma, and complex trauma. For all three trauma profiles, narcissistic vulnerability and self-impairment formed a stable, central dyad, indicating a core of transdiagnostic dysfunction. Trauma exposure was associated with denser, more interconnected networks, likely reflecting self-reinforcing maladaptive patterns. Uncertainty about mental states emerged as the primary bridge mechanism, increasing with trauma severity and transmitting dysfunction into epistemic stances. Trauma was associated with both mistrust and credulity—mistrust predominated in emotional trauma, credulity in complex trauma. These findings delineate common and trauma-specific processes linking personality dysfunction and interpersonal traits. Clinically, they highlight the importance of addressing narcissistic vulnerability and self-functioning as stable mechanisms, reducing uncertainty through mentalization-based interventions, and tailoring treatment to trauma-specific epistemic patterns.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specific functioning of the color symbolism of icon painting in poetry, using the example of S.A. Yesenin's "Little Poems" of 1917–1919 – "The Advent", "The Transfiguration", "Pantocrator", where the palette is based on key tones consonant with the colors of thematically related icons. The study of color symbolism in S.A. Yesenin's poetry, connected with the traditions of Old Russian painting, touches upon a number of important scientific fields: historical poetics, the semiotics of color, and art history. The research contributes to understanding the specifics of the dialogue between the poetic text and the visual canon, revealing the mechanisms for translating stable pictorial codes (icon-painting color formulas) into the dynamic space of the word. The aim of the work is to identify the specifics of the dialogue between S.A. Yesenin's poetic text and the visual canon of Russian icon painting, based on the selected poems, through the analysis of color symbolism. The main task is to identify the mechanisms of assimilation and artistic transformation of the color canon of icon painting into poetic imagery for expressing the idea of cosmic transfiguration. This presupposes reliance on the comparative-historical method, hermeneutic approach, and mythopoetic analysis. To systematize the empirical material, a quantitative (statistical) method was also applied, which consisted of a continuous sampling and frequency analysis of color vocabulary. Color in S.A. Yesenin's "Little Poems" performs a dual function, combining natural colors with deep symbolism rooted in the icon-painting canon. The key image of the "red horse" in "Pantocrator" expresses the central conflict of the poet's work – the clash of heavenly harmony with the fiery chaos of revolutionary modernity. The statistical increase in references to the gold color after 1917 testifies an intense search for a sacred foundation in an era of upheaval. The color palette of the poems, built on icon-painting tones (gold, blue, red, white) and devoid of halftones, makes S.A. Yesenin's poetics akin to the aesthetics of the icon-painting canon, where the icon appears as a living bridge between the earthly and the heavenly. The mechanism of translating the stable color formulas of the icon into the dynamic space of the word allows for the visualization of the presence of the Divine.

Purpose: This study aims to conceptually compare how different accounting information systems accommodate the procurement cycle, with a specific focus on SAP S/4HANA and Accurate Online. The analysis is conducted from an accounting information systems perspective to examine how system design influences process formalization, internal control, and governance across procurement activities. Design: This research adopts a qualitative and conceptual research design. The study is based on a structured review of accounting information systems literature and a comparative analysis of system functionalities related to five main stages of the procurement cycle, namely demand identification and purchase requisition, supplier selection and evaluation, purchase order issuance, receipt of goods, and invoice verification. The comparison is supported by illustrative system interfaces and accounting process representations. Findings: The study finds that both SAP S/4HANA and Accurate Online are capable of supporting the core functional requirements of the procurement cycle, including document linkage, transaction recording, and accounting recognition. However, the two systems differ significantly in how procurement controls are embedded. SAP S/4HANA emphasizes system enforced controls, structured workflows, and enterprise-wide integration, whereas Accurate Online prioritizes simplicity, usability, and transaction-oriented flexibility, with greater reliance on organizational procedures to achieve control objectives. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the accounting information systems literature by providing a stage based conceptual comparison of procurement cycle implementation across enterprise and cloud-based accounting systems. The findings offer practical insights for organizations in selecting accounting information systems that align with their procurement governance requirements, organizational scale, and control orientation, while also considering usability and operational efficiency.

Tea dregs are abundant organic waste containing high cellulose content, making them a potential raw material for activated carbon production. Chemical activation using NaOH was selected to enhance adsorption capacity. Chitosan was obtained from green mussel shells through demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation processes. This study aimed to synthesize an adsorbent based on tea dregs activated carbon coated with nanochitosan derived from green mussel shells. Characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) to determine chitosan particle size. FTIR analysis indicated decreased absorption intensity of –OH, C=O, C–O, and C–H groups after activation, suggesting removal of organic components and increased carbon purity. The isolated chitosan exhibited NH₂ groups at 1653 cm⁻¹, while PSA results showed an average particle size of 62.08 nm. The resulting composite adsorbent demonstrated promising characteristics for water treatment, particularly in heavy metal adsorption applications.

This article focuses on power supply control issues in high-speed switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The primary scientific objective of this study was to determine whether and to what extent, the controller itself imposes limitations on SRM drive operation at very high rotational speeds, and to identify the maximum achievable speed range resulting from these limitations. Unlike most existing studies, which focus mainly on motor or power electronics constraints, this work explicitly analyses the dynamic limitations introduced by the control system architecture. An analysis of the essential controller functionalities required for implementing the SRM drive control algorithm with a C-dump converter was performed. The control system, composed of specialised hardware modules operating concurrently, was implemented in an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device. Simulation and experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate signal propagation delays within the FPGA and their impact on the motor control process. Key functional modules contributing to the maximum signal propagation delays were identified, enabling a direct determination of the maximum motor speed at which correct power supply operation can be ensured. Furthermore, delays introduced by the power electronic components were characterized for the developed test controller, allowing a comprehensive assessment of both control and hardware-induced speed limitations. The research concluded that the FPGA-based controller introduces no significant limitations to the drive’s maximum speed. The maximum speed is limited by the mechanical constraints of the rotor and the inertia of the phase windings. Furthermore, expanding the controller with additional functionality does not significantly slow down the control algorithm’s execution.

The surface hydrogen species of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals, including hydroxyl groups and water, play critical roles in determining their chemical reactivity, colloidal stability, and optoelectronic properties. However, direct structural identification of these surface species remains challenging due to their complex nature and surface disorder of the nanocrystals. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of surface functionalities on sol-gel synthesized ZnO nanocrystals using advanced multinuclear and multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, combined with density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. By employing 1H, 7Li, 13C, 17O, and 31P NMR, alongside the use of deuterated precursors, 17O isotope labeling, probe molecules, defect analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we resolve and assign eight distinct hydrogen species, including acetate and lithium acetate ligands, chemisorbed and physisorbed water, terminal hydroxyls (OHT), tribridged hydroxyls (μ3-OH), and defect-associated hydroxyls. Furthermore, 1H-1H homonuclear correlation SSNMR experiments elucidate the crystal facet selectivity and spatial interactions of these surface hydrogen species. Our study establishes an in-depth understanding of the rich surface hydrogen landscape on ZnO nanocrystals and offers a framework for the rational design and functional tuning of ZnO-based nanomaterials.

Comparative Analysis of Executive Functioning and Sleep in Female Adolescents with Juvenile Onset Fibromyalgia Versus Healthy Controls.

Introduction: The physiological basis for dyspnea, a hallmark of post-COVID syndrome (PCS), remains poorly understood. Methods: In this analysis of the prospective, multicenter, population-based, longitudinal COVIDOM study, we studied 936 previously healthy adults assessed ≥6 months after a mostly mild, PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants underwent comprehensive pulmonary function testing including spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and airwave oscillometry. Dyspnea was assessed by questionnaires (mMRC ≥1/MDP-A1 domain ≥1). We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses for lung function in relation to both dyspnea and a previously defined PCS severity score (PCS-S). Results: Between 11/2020 and 05/2023, we examined 936 previously healthy COVIDOM participants (median age 37 [IQR 28–51], 56% female). Dyspnea prevalence increased significantly with PCS severity (low PCS-S: 19.3%; intermediate PCS-S: 53.8%; high PCS-S: 81.8%; p < 0.001). Women suffered more frequently from dyspnea and PCS. Small airway dysfunction (SAD), as indicated by abnormal R5–20 Hz or AX5 Hz measures, tended to be more frequent in participants with high PCS severity and dyspnea compared to those with low PCS and no dyspnea (37% vs. 25%, p = 0.058) with corresponding R5–20 Hz of 0.03 [0.01–0.07] vs. 0.01 [0–0.03] kPa·L−1·s−1 (p < 0.01). Longitudinally, however, none of the baseline or follow-up lung function parameters, including measures of SAD, differed between participants with persistent dyspnea and those who became asymptomatic. Conclusion: Oscillometry-derived R5–R20 Hz differed significantly between dyspneic PCS patients and controls. The high frequency of SAD and the absence of longitudinal improvement might indicate the potential clinical relevance of SAD assessment, despite its only numeric differences between PCS severity groups.

In this paper, a comprehensive description and comparison of the user interfaces of artificial intelligence tools are presented through the lens of user experience. Through an in-depth analysis of key functionalities and a detailed exploration of each tool's interface, conclusions are drawn regarding the suitability of these tools for specific applications. The aim of this analysis is to identify the optimal strategy and the most effective AI tool to help users achieve their goals with maximum efficiency.

La situation actuelle des ressources hydriques au Maroc notamment dans les régions montagneuses semi-arides constitue un enjeu et un défi majeur, particulièrement dans un contexte caractérisé par variabilité climatique prononcée. Combinée à la surexploitation, cette variabilité rend les ressources hydriques de plus en plus fragiles et vulnérables. Pour cette raison, les données hydrométriques sont devenues essentielles pour une gestion rationnelle des ressources en eau à l'échelle du bassin versants. Cependant, l'accès à ces données peut constituer un obstacle dans le cas des bassins versants non équipés de stations de mesure hydrométrique, à l'instar du bassin de l'Oued M'Hasser. C'est pourquoi cette étude vise à mener des campagnes de jaugeage de terrain visant à produire une base de données hydrométrique fiable, dans l'objectif est de construire une courbe de tarage permettant d'estimer les débits à différentes conditions hydrologiques. Ces mesures ont permis de caractériser les dynamiques hydrologiques saisonnières et d'identifier les réponses différentielles des sources aux fluctuations pluviométriques.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of central sensitization level on treatment response in individuals older than 65 years who underwent genicular nerve radiofrequency and intra-articular injection treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA). In this retrospective cohort study, 37 patients were divided into two groups according to the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score (CSI<40 and CSI≥40). All patients underwent genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation and intra-articular injection. Pain (NRS), functionality (WOMAC), walking capacity (6MWT), sleep quality (PSQI), and satisfaction levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 3 months following the procedure. Variance and regression analyses were used for statistical evaluation. Significant clinical improvements were observed in all patient groups for the evaluated parameters (p<0.001). However, variance analysis for pain (F=22.566, p<0.001), function (F=15.283, p<0.001), sleep quality (t=-3.87, p<0.001), and walking capacity (F=13.301, p=0.001) showed lower scores in the CSI≥40 group compared with the CSI<40 group. Regression analysis confirmed lower responses in CSI≥40 patients: pain (β=-2.1; 95% CI: -3.1 to -1.1; p<0.001), function (β=-4.6; 95% CI: -7.2 to -2.0; p=0.001), walking (β=-24.6; 95% CI: -40.7 to -2.8; p=0.026), and sleep (β=-1.9; 95% CI: -2.9 to -0.9; p=0.001). The presence of central sensitization significantly limits the clinical response to genicular radiofrequency ablation and intra-articular injection treatments in older patients with OA. Routine use of screening tools such as CSI in treatment planning may guide more effective and personalized approaches.

Abstract We introduce a framework for shape optimization in the class of simple polytopes in arbitrary dimensions. We use a parametrization via hyperplanes and provide conditions for stability of simple polytopes under small perturbations of the hyperplanes. Next, we construct a mapping based on barycentric coordinates between the perturbed and reference polytopes. This allows us to use a transport theorem to compute the derivative of integrals defined on the polytope and perform the sensitivity analysis of shape functionals. This framework is applied to a numerical study of the polygonal and polyhedral Saint–Venant inequality. We solve an optimization problem that maximizes the torsion functional over polytopes with a fixed number of facets and equal volume. Using the previously defined parametrization via hyperplanes, the problem is reduced to a finite-dimensional optimization problem. A Proximal-Perturbed Lagrangian functional is employed to handle the volume constraint. In two dimensions, our numerical results support the conjecture stating that the solution is a regular polygon. In three dimensions, the numerical solutions converge towards either regular polyhedra or irregular polyhedra, depending on the number of faces.

Tissue engineering with bionanomaterials: A new frontier.

Investigating the interaction mechanism of native pectin and protein in enhancing 3D printing accuracy of edible flower gels.

Psychological flexibility, parental competence, and prosociality in caregivers of children with special health care needs: A network analysis of family functioning and child outcomes