Effective point spread function modeling of photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy towards resolution enhancement.

• The effectiveness of a three-layer annular coaxial shroud (TACS) was experimentally validated for laser cladding in open environments. • Oxygen concentration and molten pool protection were ensured when shielding gas flowrate exceeded 30 L/min. • The cross-section profiles of single-track clads were fitted by parabola, sine, and elliptic functions, with the elliptic model showing best accuracy under shielding gas. • The flat-top overlapping model (FOM) was employed to optimize the overlapping coefficient of multi-track clads. • The optimal overlapping coefficient was determined as 0.542, enabling improved surface flatness and reduced pile-up. Cladding active metal for surface repair and complex components fabrication in open environment remains a ground challenge and the advanced laser cladding technique with coaxial shroud protection has exhibited some new promises compared to other traditional deposition methods. In this study, comprehensive and thorough experiments have been carried out, focusing on the protectiveness of a three-layer annular coaxial shroud with qualitative measurements and quantitative data analysis. The experimental results have shown that the Ti6Al4V cladding can be effectively protected when the shielding gas flowrate is greater than 30 L/min. The optimal cross-section profiles of three frequently used models (Parabola, Sine and Elliptic functions) are measured with post-processing. It shows that the parabola model produces the most accurate results without extra shielding gas in terms of R-square values compared with the original cladding profile, whilst the elliptic model is more accurate in describing the cladding profile with extra shielding gas over the same test range. Applying both elliptic function model and flat-top overlapping model, a generalized formulae is then derived to evaluate the horizontal coordinate of the cladding centre point, which is used to determine an optimal overlapping coefficient of 0.542 under an extra shielding gas flowrate of 30 L/min. Further examinations consider four different scenarios, corresponding to four different overlapping ratio ranges. Results are in good agreement with experimental observations. It is worth noting that few literatures have documented to predict the crucial overlapping ratio using the EF model by determining the horizontal coordinate of point C value. Moreover, the elliptic function model proves more precisely representation of experimental data profile while compared to those fitted by Sine Function and Parabola Function models. The observations and findings of this study have shed some lights on current understanding of advanced laser cladding techniques.

Left ventricular-arterial coupling in septic shock: A physiological review.

Nonparametric copula modelling of the joint probability density function of air density and wind speed for wind resource assessment

Vascular Age: A narrative review of assessment methods, clinical applications, and future directions.

Soft magnetic materials are widely used for magnetic components in power electronic converters. Their hysteresis effect leads to the nonlinear impedance characteristics of the magnetic cores, which can cause loss increase, waveform distortion, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues in the converter. Due to the nonlinear behavior and the diversity of material characteristics, current Preisach hysteresis modeling remains challenging in parameter identification and probability distribution function (PDF) modeling procedure. In parameter identification, the classical methods rely on complex and restrictive double integration or repeated measurements. In PDF modeling, conventional PDF forms are constrained by few degrees of freedom. To achieve high modeling precision, PDF forms with higher degrees of freedom are required. It also restricts the universality of the PDF, so different PDFs are needed for different magnetic materials. To address these two issues, a parameter identification approach based on the geometric interpretation of integration is proposed, which requires only a single B–H curve for ferrite. It avoids repeated testing and improves the identification efficiency significantly. Moreover, a generalized PDF form with more independent adjustable parameters is proposed. It can encompass different PDFs and model different hysteresis loop shapes of various magnetic materials. Experiments on different ferrite and silicon steel are conducted for verification. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed approach demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy, universality, simplification, and rapidity across different materials and shapes of magnetic cores.

In this study, the warm-mix regeneration mechanism of an asphalt binder modified with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) copolymers under simulated complex aging conditions, along with the performance of the recycled binder, were investigated. Bending beam rheometer tests were conducted to assess the low-temperature properties of the asphalt binder, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were employed for mechanistic analysis. The asphalt binder with the same degree of aging and warm-mix recycled binder recovered their low-temperature performance indicators and microscopic morphologies more efficiently than the hot-mix recycled binder. The addition of the regenerant and warm-mix agents to aged and original binders was a physical blending process that did not produce new functional groups. The regenerant was critical in adjusting the component proportions, whereas the warm-mix agent dispersed asphaltene clusters. However, neither additive restored the original molecular structure of SBS. An exponential function model was utilized to quantitatively characterize the relationship between the nanoscale microstructural properties and macroscopic rheological performance of the recycled binder. Furthermore, the butadiene index confirmed that the aged SBS-modified asphalt binder did not recover and that the performance of the recycled binder was inferior to that of the original binder.

Research on analytical scattering phase function model of chlorophyll water

To improve the steady-state and dynamic performance of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (CHBMIs) and achieve power balance, this paper proposes a control method based on the sigmoid function that combines feedback linearization with a random selection strategy. First, a continuous-smooth sigmoid function model that can uniformly describe all switching-state combinations is established. Subsequently, the control law is derived by applying the feedback linearization theory. The output levels are determined based on the control law and the characteristics of the sigmoid function. Finally, the desired switching-state combinations are determined through two random selections and applied directly to the switching devices. The proposed method is not only applicable to symmetric CHBMIs but also applicable to asymmetric CHBMIs. Simulations and experimental verifications are carried out on the control systems of a symmetric CHBMI with a linear load and an asymmetric CHBMI with a nonlinear load, and comparisons are made with other methods. The results show that the proposed method exhibits better steady-state and dynamic performance, achieving a higher power balance degree, and is suitable for both symmetric and asymmetric CHBMIs.

The present study aimed to examine the mediating roles of executive function and metacognitive dysfunction in the relationship between physical activity and rumination, as well as the suppressing effect within their parallel mediating pathways. From a cognitive architecture perspective, this study further explored the association pattern between physical activity and rumination among adolescents. A cross-sectional design was adopted in the present study, and data on physical activity, rumination, executive function and metacognitive dysfunction among adolescents were collected via a questionnaire survey. A total of 603 Chinese adolescents were enrolled in the study (Mage = 16.058, SD = 0.828, male = 47.9%). Statistical analyses including reliability and validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, partial correlation analysis and structural equation model construction were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0, and the mediating effects were examined via the Bootstrap method. Physical activity was significantly associated with lower levels of rumination, with executive function and metacognitive dysfunction showing significant mediating associations. Specifically, higher levels of physical activity were associated with better executive function, which in turn was associated with lower rumination (β = -0.141, 95% Confidence Interval [- 0.210, - 0.078]). In addition, physical activity was positively associated with metacognitive dysfunction, which was further associated with higher levels of rumination (β = 0.091, 95% Confidence Interval [0.055, 0.133]). Similarly, higher levels of physical activity were associated with better executive function, which was further associated with lower levels of metacognitive dysfunction, and subsequently with lower rumination, and the reduction of metacognitive dysfunction can further decrease the occurrence of rumination (β = -0.051, 95% Confidence Interval [- 0.078, - 0.029]). Furthermore, the parallel mediating pathways in the present study show inconsistent directions, presenting a statistically significant suppression effect, and the total indirect pathway effect is partially offset. The present study reveals that the relationship between physical activity and rumination may operate through multiple cognitive pathways with opposing directions, highlighting the structural roles of executive function and metacognitive dysfunction in this association. These findings provide a novel structural perspective for understanding the complexity of the psychological effects of physical activity and offer empirical references for the design of subsequent longitudinal or intervention studies.

ABSTRACTBiodiversity loss driven by habitat degradation and fragmentation poses a critical threat to global ecosystems and demands conservation strategies that go beyond isolated protected areas. We assessed the functional connectivity of African bush elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Mozambique by combining Resource Selection Function modeling with connectivity analysis, focusing on the Great Limpopo and Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Areas. Our results revealed that African bush elephant habitat in the region extends well beyond the boundaries of National Parks, underscoring the critical role of unprotected and other types of protected areas in maintaining functional connectivity. The Human Modification Index was the most influential variable affecting habitat suitability (72% variable importance), and many key connectivity areas intersect with peri‐urban zones and local community lands, indicating a strong spatial overlap between conservation priorities and human land use. These findings emphasize the need to develop an ecological network in the region that integrates anthropogenic pressures into conservation planning to ensure the effectiveness of ecological corridors. Synthesis and applications: Our findings identify key connectivity areas in southern Mozambique that should be prioritized for corridor management to maintain landscape‐scale connectivity. Results demonstrate that integrative conservation strategies addressing shared human–wildlife spaces and promoting cross‐border cooperation are essential. The identified corridors offer strategic entry points for inclusive governance, participatory land use planning, and sustainable management to support long‐term elephant movement and genetic exchange across this socio‐ecologically complex transboundary region.

The transcription factor (TF) GATA4 is a key mediator of cardiogenesis. GATA4 regulates cardiogenesis through the expression of its target genes, only some of which have been identified. We have used a gain of function model based on pluripotent embryonic ectoderm explants from Xenopus embryos expressing GATA4, to identify a set of downstream targets of GATA4 which are also regulated by Nodal, a known cardiogenic signal. GATA4 was shown to be required for the expression of target genes tbx2 and prdm1 in vivo, likely acting in a direct fashion by interacting with their regulatory regions. In addition, tbx2 and prdm1 are shown to have roles of their own in vivo, as downregulation of tbx2, a positive target, and overexpression of prdm1, a negative target, interferes with cardiac development in Xenopus embryos. The conservation of the GATA4-TBX2-PRDM1 regulatory relationship was shown in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Loss of function of GATA4 lead to downregulation of TBX2, upregulation of PRDM1 expression and failure of cardiogenesis. GATA4-deficient cells failed to form normal cardiomyocytes, with most cells adopting alternative fates and only a small minority expressing an aberrant cardiomyocyte phenotype. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis documented severe reduction of cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell transcriptomes and upregulation of transcriptional profiles of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Disruption of TBX2 function did not alter cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency but led to the formation of cardiomyocytes with hypertrophic-like features consistent with maladaptive remodelling. The phenotype of these cells was characterised by defective sarcomeres and deficient calcium signalling. In addition, we show that whilst PRDM1 is not essential for formation of cardiomyocytes it is implicated in fine-tuning the timing and levels of gene expression. The results presented establish a conserved regulatory relationship between GATA4 and its target genes TBX2 and PRDM1 and roles for these genes in the modulation of cardiomyocyte development, expanding the cardiac gene regulatory network and providing further insight into how cardiogenesis proceeds.

Cross-lagged panel model among metacognitions about gambling, emotion regulation, and gambling disorder: A two-wave longitudinal study.

The impact of early allograft dysfunction severity on graft and recipient outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation.

Abstract This paper discusses the behavior of a rotating relativistic kinetic gas surrounding a Schwarzschild black hole
is studied. We are interested in the description and analysis of the morphology of the resulting configurations for
kinetic gas clouds with and without total angular momentum, and we also compare the macroscopic observables
with configurations of finite total mass. Considering models for the one-particle distribution function based on
a polytropic ansatz and the inclination angle of the orbits of the particles in the kinetic gas, a collisionless gas
in the Schwarzschild spacetime background is analyzed. Profiles of the macroscopic observables of the gas
configurations are presented, which are derived from the density current vector field and energy-momentum-
stress tensor.

MFAP4 activates PI3K/AKT-NF-κB signaling to drive tumor progression and immune evasion in bladder cancer.

This study proposes a rule-free hybrid forecasting framework that integrates type-1 fuzzy function modeling with ensemble regression via random forests. The proposed hybrid fuzzy-ensemble model first constructs lagged representations of a univariate time series and applies fuzzy c-means clustering to obtain soft partitions of the input space. For each cluster, a dedicated random forest regressor is trained, and final forecasts are produced through membership-weighted aggregation of cluster-level predictions. This architecture eliminates the need for expert-defined fuzzy rules while enabling the model to capture both local (regime-dependent) and global temporal dynamics. Key hyperparameters, including lag order, number of clusters, membership thresholds, and random forest settings, are jointly optimized using random search on the training data. The framework is evaluated on thirteen real-world time series from financial, industrial, and environmental domains. Experimental results demonstrate competitive and, in several cases, improved forecasting accuracy compared to classical statistical methods, fuzzy regression models, and plain random forest baselines. The findings suggest that combining soft fuzzy partitioning with cluster-specific ensemble learning provides a flexible and data-driven mechanism for modeling nonlinear structures and gradual regime-like behaviors within univariate time series.

Abstract We present a forward-modeling framework to forecast the galaxies detected in the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) spectroscopic survey and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) \HI\ survey. Starting from the L-Galaxies 2020 semi-analytic model run on the Millennium-II N-body simulation (MS-II), we assign atomic hydrogen to galaxies using post-processing prescriptions, and model the emission lines (H\,$\alpha$, H\,$\beta$, \OIII) relevant for the slitless spectrograph of the CSST.
We construct mock lightcones using the Mock Map Facility (MoMaF) approach, simulating the neutral hydrogen (\HI) data cubes representing a $2000$ hour SKA-Mid spectral line observation from redshifts $0.25$--$0.5$, and employ the \SOFIA\ source-finding package to generate an \HI\ galaxy catalog.
In parallel, we apply the CSST selection function and noise model to obtain a realistic catalog of emission-line galaxies, the emission line signal is proportional to the star formation rate. These products allow us to cross compare the galaxy samples and assess the synergy between CSST and SKA. We study the correlations of the \HI\ and the emission line signal with the halo mass, \HI\ mass, and the stellar mass, and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation.
We also simulate stacking analysis of the \HI\ signal from the CSST selected samples, which probes the \HI\ content in galaxies with low \HI\ content. Finally, we derive the optical-\HI\ cross-correlation power spectrum of the galaxies, and measure the bias of these galaxies.
These results can provide useful insight on the cold gas and stellar content of the galaxies.

Multi-objective optimization to explore the potential optimal thermal and flow performance of a packed bed humidifier

Muscle mechanoreflex has long been considered to make, at most, a minimal contribution to human sympathetic activation, as previous studies of passive exercise have typically reported absent, small, or transient responses. Whether passive stretching alone can elicit a sustained increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and whether such responses are dependent on mechanical load, remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that passive forearm stretching is sufficient to activate the muscle mechanoreflex and provoke a load-dependent sympathetic response in healthy young adults. A total of 11 participants (9 men; 23 ± 4 yr) completed two sessions on separate days: an experimental session with five sets of 1-min passive forearm stretching, each separated by 15 s of rest, and an optional time-matched control session. MSNA was recorded via peroneal microneurography, whereas cardiovascular variables were continuously monitored (ECG, finger arterial pressure, and brachial sphygmomanometry). Passive stretching evoked robust increases in burst frequency (Δ10 ± 2.2 bursts·min-1, P < 0.05), burst incidence (Δ16 ± 4.1 bursts·100 hb-1, P < 0.05), and mean blood pressure (Δ10 ± 2.2 mmHg, P < 0.001). Torque during stretch was positively correlated with the change in burst incidence (r = 0.652, P = 0.029). Mechanoreflex-driven sympathoexcitation was accompanied by a rightward resetting of the spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex operating point, without alteration in reflex gain. All variables returned to baseline within 15-30 min of recovery. These findings provide the first direct evidence that passive forearm stretching elicits robust and sustained increases in MSNA in healthy humans, with responses exhibiting a clear load-dependent profile. Passive stretching thus emerges as a practical and physiologically robust model for probing mechanoreflex function and sympathetic regulation in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first direct evidence in humans, using microneurography, that passive forearm stretching elicits robust increases in sympathetic burst frequency and incidence. The positive association between torque and the magnitude of the sympathetic response highlights the load-dependent nature of muscle mechanoreceptor activation in shaping autonomic outflow. Together, these findings establish passive forearm stretching as a practical and physiologically robust model for investigating mechanoreflex function and human sympathetic regulation.