Definition Of Function Research Articles

Fermatean fuzzy Z-analytic hierarchy process: An application to third party logistics providers

To decrease the impact of ambiguity, fuzzy sets are frequently used to decide if an element belongs to a set. Various fuzzy set extensions differ from others in how uncertainty is expressed in the definition of membership functions. This paper presents a novel extension named Fermatean fuzzy Z-numbers, introducing fuzzy restriction and fuzzy reliability functions with Fermatean fuzzy membership functions. By utilizing fuzzy Z-numbers to delineate membership degrees, considering both restriction and its reliability, in tandem with Fermatean membership functions offering an expanded value spectrum, the assessment of linguistic evaluations using Fermatean fuzzy Z-numbers can yield more pragmatic outcomes in decision evaluations amidst high uncertainty. Moreover, the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy-Z-analytic hierarchy process is developed to explore the impact of proposed interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy-Z numbers on the multi-criteria decision-making process, demonstrated in the context of third-party logistics provider selection. Adding fuzzy reliability functions to the decision-making process improves how uncertainty is represented by considering variations in confidence levels associated with each decision, thus aiding in the clearer expression of decisions. Additionally, the proposed method's outcomes are compared with the outcomes of the current approaches.

ДИНАМІЧНА МОДЕЛЬ РЕЗОНАНСНОГО ПЕРЕТВОРЮВАЧА ДЛЯ ВПЛИВУ ЗІ СТОРОНИ ЖИВЛЕННЯ

In the paper, a discrete dynamic model of a full-bridge resonant converter with a symmetrical operating mode has been obtained, which describes the resonant converter as a transfer link with an supply voltage input side and a load current output side. The dynamic model is based on a linear mathematical model of the resonant converter built according to the superposition principle. The structure of the resonant converter with the processes outline function is given and analyzed. The structure of the discrete dynamic model of the resonant converter of the nth order is presented. It is proved that the transfer function of the discrete dynamic model for the outline function can be determined by the transfer function of the continuous system. The resulting dependencies describing the discrete transfer functions of the resonant converter are used to obtain the discrete dynamic model of the double-circuit transformer resonant converter in a synchronous rectifier. For this, the sequence of actions is defined: definition of the transfer function of the continuous dynamic model; obtaining the system of equations in vector-matrix form describing electromagnetic processes in the converter; definition of the system of discrete equations; definition of the transfer function of the circuit. The obtained theoretical results were verified by means of simulation modeling of the considered double-circuit resonant converter. The proposed dynamic model makes it possible to analyze the influence of instability and low-frequency fluctuations of the supply voltage of the resonant converter on the output values. The presented results can be used in the development and improvement of single- or multi-circuit bridge high-frequency resonant converters as the secondary power sources and converters used in ship demagnetization systems. References 25, figures 8, tables 2.

On an Extremal Problem for Compactly Supported Positive Definite Functions

On an Extremal Problem for Compactly Supported Positive Definite Functions

On Structure Fuzzy Fibration

In this paper, we introduced concept of fuzzy homotopy lifting property, fuzzy fiber structure is introduced. Also, the definition of the fuzzy lifting function and some theorems in a fuzzy topological space are discussed.

Opening the black box of the use phase in circular economy life cycle assessments: Environmental performance of shell jacket reuse

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is highly needed and widely used to assess the environmental performance of circular economy (CE) measures such as reusing and sharing. However, the results of such LCAs are hampered by limited knowledge about the use phase of consumer products and oversimplification of important use phase aspects such as product functionality, user behavior, displacement, and rebound effects. This paper aims to validate the usefulness of a framework designed to assist practitioners in the generation and utilization of such knowledge in LCAs of circular measures. To validate the framework, a case study is used: reuse of shell jackets enabled by “premium secondhand” stores for outdoor equipment and clothing. The paper demonstrates that conclusions about the environmental performance of reuse can easily be altered depending on the functional unit definition, whether real user behavior data are used, and whether imperfect displacement and rebound effects are considered. For instance, shell jacket life cycles that include reuse and thus may be labeled “circular” have significantly higher environmental impact per use occasion than “linear” ones (used by one principal user the entire lifespan), since “circular” shell jackets are used less frequently, in particular during their first use span. Through facilitating the generation and utilization of environmentally relevant use phase data, which are otherwise often overlooked, the framework seems capable of supporting a better understanding of the environmental performance of CE measures.

The definition of the state value in terms of functional quintessence

The article examines the issue of the quintessence of the State's axiology in terms of functional definition. For the purpose of the study, the scientific issue is divided into components which are the substantive elements of the scientific problem. First of all, the issue of the essence of the State as a legal phenomenon is revealed, which is the main basis for the emergence of the scientific problem. The relevant views of scholars on the definition of the State are also considered. It has been concluded that the State is a sovereign, political and territorial organisation of society, on the territory of which there are authorities, legal system and taxation system, as well as other additional elements. The author further provides the features inherent in the State which constitute its ontology.
 Based on a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the concept of “state”, the article presents some theories of the origin of the state which reflect the purpose of its emergence and existence. The most common theories of the origin of the State include: patriarchal, contractual, violence, organic, and psychological. After analysing some of the theories, the author concludes that the purpose of the State’s emergence and existence is to unite society, resolve disputes and develop it.
 The quintessence and diversity of the functions of the State are analysed. As a result, it has been concluded that the functions of the State are a set of activities and processes whose impact is directed at society. Differentiation of functions also has different manifestations. Some scholars distinguish between basic and additional functions, some – internal and external. Internal functions include, for example, regulatory, defence, etc., while external functions include diplomatic and economic (in the context of foreign activities). Based on the analysis of the functions of the State which reflect the directions of its influence on society and which are regulatory in nature (and the very essence of the State is organisational in nature), the article concludes that the axiology of the State in terms of the functional definition is to organise society with the help of its inherent properties and to regulate social relations on the basis of its existing functions with a view to social development.

Study on soliton behaviors of the complex nonlinear Fokas–Lenells equation utilizing different methods

In this paper, we study the Fokas–Lenells equation, which is a derivation form of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and can be used to describe nonlinearity in the propagation of optical pulses. To seek solutions for this nonlinearity, the Logistic method has been proposed in order to drive acceptable and understandable results regarding physical meaning. This method is defined based on the summation of an ordinary differential equation. Moreover, for further study, the Bernoulli [Formula: see text]-expansion method is used by considering hypothetical solutions as a function of the Bernoulli equation. Subsequently, solutions of the Fokas–Lenells equation are successfully acquired, displaying efficient results in hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential equations. The importance of these results appears in the definition of the wave function under the consideration of the appropriate coefficients. Hence, computer simulation is used for better understanding of the generated results. The dynamic behaviors of these solutions are demonstrated in 3D graphs, contour maps, and line plots, under applying various parameters, solutions of the waves show different soliton behaviors, including bright-dark, bright, and breather solitons. The results indicate that the exerted methods are novel, reliable, and effective approaches which can be employed in a wide range of nonlinear differential equations. These methods and their begotten results are far from the complexities of mathematical structures and therefore go beyond previous efforts in the literature.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ БІРЛІКТЕРДІҢ КӨРКЕМ МӘТІНДЕГІ ҚОЛДАНЫСЫ

Abstract. The article discusses the use of phraseological units in a literary text. It is obvious that the winged words, Proverbs, sayings, sentimental reasoning, thoughtful, key examples, phraseologisms found in our language are all stable expressions due to their own characteristics, thoroughness of the phrase, constancy, etc. Scientists also study the conditions of Use and different transformations of phraseological units, their variability in speech and text. The article discusses the fact that phrases that come mainly from Kazakh phraseology in the form of wisdom, testament, proverbs are also widely used in language use. It is obvious that these studies attach special importance to the study of phraseology in conjunction with the worldview, cultural, historical, spiritual, material values of the nation. In the analysis of the semantic features of phraseology found in works of art, there is a comprehensive coverage of the human factor in the language. There are specific examples of positive and negative emotions that occur in a person, his speech skills, personal qualities of this character, social status in the public environment, mood, etc.are conveyed by figurative phraseological (stable) phrases in the language. A review of research on phraseology is also carried out, it is analyzed whether the definition of the stylistic functions of phraseology allows us to more deeply reveal the features of the author's creative methods, master the skill of accurate creation of artistic images and images using the artistic means of the language.

Сравнительный анализ методов «Прометей» и нечетких отношений в условиях принятия решений

The article examines the issues of researching two decision-making methods. The paper provides an algorithm for selecting various types of criteria for preference functions that give pairwise assessments of alternative values. Preference indices for all criteria are determined, and a matrix of these indices is constructed. The graph of weighted superiority is used for all alternatives based on the index matrix. Input and output flows are determined to assess the domination of alternatives. These flows ensure ranking of alternatives in complete order. Another method involves evaluating alternatives using fuzzy relations. Definitions of utility functions for given alternatives are given. Distributions of normalized assessments on an ordered scale are shown. Pairwise assessments of alternatives are considered. Decision-making for the two methods is demonstrated using the example of designing a workshop section, which is evaluated against six criteria for three alternatives. In this example, preference indices for each pair of alternatives are presented, assessments of output and input flows are provided, and a series of alternative preferences are shown. Utility functions and pairwise assessments of alternatives are presented for fuzzy relations. Assessments of the dominance share for criteria by various methods are given. The structures of criteria for methods where equivalence of values is observed and differences in the decision-making process are shown. Conclusions are drawn regarding the features that lead to discrepancies in assessments and at which stages for different methods. Recommendations are provided for using the analysis results for decision-making support. The application of the results of this research in practice will significantly enhance the efficiency of decision-making.

CodeKGC: Code Language Model for Generative Knowledge Graph Construction

Current generative knowledge graph construction approaches usually fail to capture structural knowledge by simply flattening natural language into serialized texts or a specification language. However, large generative language model trained on structured data such as code has demonstrated impressive capability in understanding natural language for structural prediction and reasoning tasks. Intuitively, we address the task of generative knowledge graph construction with code language model: given a code-format natural language input, the target is to generate triples which can be represented as code completion tasks. Specifically, we develop schema-aware prompts that effectively utilize the semantic structure within the knowledge graph. As code inherently possesses structure, such as class and function definitions, it serves as a useful model for prior semantic structural knowledge. Furthermore, we employ a rationale-enhanced generation method to boost the performance. Rationales provide intermediate steps, thereby improving knowledge extraction abilities. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can obtain better performance on benchmark datasets compared with baselines. 1

Spherical fuzzy sets based integrated DEMATEL, ANP, VIKOR approach and its application for renewable energy selection in Turkey

Renewable energy continues occupying the global agenda for the low-carbon transition. Identifying suitable sources for renewable energy involves different criteria and alternatives, which can be defined as a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem. MCDM methods can be enriched with Group Decision Making (GDM) to merge individual judgments into group opinions, as well as with fuzzy sets to better simulate human opinions. To handle uncertainties of DMs’ preferences, a recently developed fuzzy set extension, the Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs), is combined in this study with different MCDM tools to establish a decision support tool for the energy source selection problem. This article proposes a novel MCDM approach that integrates SF-DEMATEL (Spherical Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory), SF-ANP (Spherical Fuzzy Analytic Network Process), and SF-VIKOR (Spherical Fuzzy Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje) algorithms in a GDM environment and presents its application in a case study for selecting renewable energy sources in Turkey. Comparing wind, geothermal, solar, hydropower, and biogas, the proposed method highlighted both wind and solar energy as a compromise solution as the most suitable options for Turkey. It has been found that compared to similar fuzzy sets, SFS can better reflect the hesitation degree to address the lack of knowledge and errors in the membership function definitions. The robustness and plausibility of these findings are demonstrated with sensitivity and comparative analyses, suggesting this MCDM method can also be applied to similar problems in other settings.

DJ-1 protects proteins from acylation by catalyzing the hydrolysis of highly reactive cyclic 3-phosphoglyceric anhydride

Mutations in the human PARK7 gene that encodes protein DJ-1 lead to familial Parkinsonism due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, the molecular function of DJ-1 underpinning its cytoprotective effects are unclear. Recently, DJ-1 has been shown to prevent acylation of amino groups of proteins and metabolites by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. This acylation is indirect and thought to proceed via the formation of an unstable intermediate, presumably a cyclic 3-phosphoglyceric anhydride (cPGA). Several lines of evidence indicate that DJ-1 destroys cPGA, however this enzymatic activity has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we report simple and effective procedures for synthesis and quantitation of cPGA and present a comprehensive characterization of this highly reactive acylating electrophile. We demonstrate that DJ-1 is an efficient cPGA hydrolase with kcat/Km = 5.9 × 106 M−1s−1. Experiments with DJ-1-null cells reveal that DJ-1 protects against accumulation of 3-phosphoglyceroyl-lysine residues in proteins. Our results establish a definitive cytoprotective function for DJ-1 that uses catalytic hydrolysis of cPGA to mitigate the damage from this glycolytic byproduct.

A framework for constrained large-scale multi-objective white-box problems based on two-scale optimization through decision transfer

Most existing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) are not so efficient when handling constrained large-scale multi-objective problems (CLSMOPs). To overcome white-box CLSMOPs with definitive objective functions, a two-scale optimization framework based on decision transfer, which integrates dimensionality reduction of large-scale decision variables and constraint handling technology, is proposed. The Lagrange multiplier is first used to construct the two-scale optimization model, which bridges original large-scale decision space of variables and small-scale (2-scale) decision space of objective-constraint parameter. The decision transfer algorithm is then designed to switch between large-scale original decision space and small-scale parametric decision space, while achieving the maximum dimensionality reduction. Finally, the two-scale evolution strategy is proposed for the alternative optimizations in the two decision spaces, which emphasize objectives and constraints, respectively. In summary, the optimization in the large-scale space pushes the population to unconstrained Pareto front (PF), the optimization in the small-scale space helps the population cross the infeasible areas to approach constrained PF, and the offspring generation by Lagrange multiplier is beneficial to both objectives and constraints. Eight representative and state-of-the-art CMOEAs have been embedded into the CLDTEA framework to demonstrate its effectiveness through comparative experiments on CLSMOPs with equalityandinequalityconstraints and 1000 decision variables. Experimental results show that CLDTEA can significantly improve the performance of these basic CMOEAs.

Моделирование функций пространства в топонимической системе дагестанских языков

The article attempts to present the possibilities of using the modeling method to study the toponymic space in Dagestan languages. A field model of the toponymic space of Avar, Dargin and Kaitag settlements is proposed, taking into account the methods of nomination and education considered through the prism of the case system of these languages. The reference to the category of space in our work is primarily due to the fact that Dagestan languages have a developed system of spatial cases, the forms of which are reflected in their rich toponymic nomenclature. The toponym, as you know, is the “name of the place”, the designation of a point on the surface of the earth. The article discusses approaches to the definition of space functions in the toponymic system of Dagestan languages. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare various functional explanations of the essence of space in the toponymic system of related languages. The article describes the toponymic systems of the Avar, Dargin languages and the Haidak dialect of the Dargin language as the most interesting linguistic units in terms of expressing locative meanings in Dagestan toponymy. The characteristics of toponyms considered from the standpoint of their cognitive and cultural understanding are shown. Dagestan toponymy is defined by names formed by means of spatial case formants, the model of which is the most characteristic, ancient and archaic.

Вербальные фатические паттерны в русско-, немецко- и англоязычном экзаменационном дискурсе

The central task of the presented research is to describe the consideration of actual patterns as culturally fixed communicative formulas implemented by senders in order to establish, maintain or interrupt/terminate a communicative contact and achieve the initial communicative intention. From the standpoint of the integrative-comparative approach being developed, combining the achievements of various scientific fields, an attempt is made to fill in some theoretical and methodological gaps in this subject area, including the definition of the phatic function of communication is clarified and a step is taken to develop a systematic representation of contact patterns as means of its verbal expression. The object of the study is the phatic function of communication, the subject is contact patterns. As the research material, the fragments of texts of the Russian-, German- and English-language examination discourse as a multidimensional broad-context education, the core of which is the communicative situation "exam", represented by a variable set of relevant event moments, are analyzed. Each of the highlighted event moments of this situation (greeting, introduction, ticket offer /selection, preparation of the answer, response, additional questions, evaluation of the answer, gratitude, farewell) is correlated with a conventional set of phatic patterns in Russian, German and English. The nomenclature of national factual patterns is illustrated by concrete examples from the corresponding national corpora. The actual patterns are classified taking into account the contextual environment, the initial communicative intention, convolution/unfoldment, the presence or absence of emotional and axiological coloring. There are actual patterns that are actualized mainly by the examiner or examinee, and patterns that can be implemented by all participants in this communicative situation. Prospects for further research are outlined, first of all, the hierarchical ordering of contact patterns and the accentuation of their performativity.

Optimized tracking control using reinforcement learning and backstepping technique for canonical nonlinear unknown dynamic system

AbstractThe work addresses the optimized tracking control problem by combining both reinforcement learning (RL) and backstepping technique for the canonical nonlinear unknown dynamic system. Since such dynamic system contains multiple state variables with differential relation, the backstepping technique is considered by making a virtual control sequence in accordance with Lyapunov functions. In the last backstepping step, the optimized actual control is derived by performing the RL under identifier‐critic‐actor structure, where RL is to overcome the difficulty coming from solving Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation. Different from the traditional RL optimizing methods that find the RL updating laws from the square of the HJB equation's approximation, this optimized control is to find the RL training laws from the negative gradient of a simple positive definite function, which is equivalent to the HJB equation. The result shows that this optimized control can obviously alleviate the algorithm complexity. Meanwhile, it can remove the requirement of known dynamic as well. Finally, theory and simulation indicate the feasibility of this optimized control.

On a family of q-modified-Laguerre-Appell polynomials

This paper aims to introduce a new class of special polynomials called q-modified Laguerre-Appell polynomials. Some definitions and concepts related to this class of polynomials, including generating function and series definition are explored. Also, certain interesting properties related to this class and some of its members are investigated. Furthermore, the class of 2D q-modified Laguerre-Appell polynomials is introduced. Finally, we present certain graphical representations related to some members of these new classes.

Функция и миссия «маленького человека» в романе Булата Окуджавы «Бедный Авросимов»

In the beginning of the article we correlate Okudzhava’s story about the creative history of his novel (“invention” of the scrivener’s image) with the writer’s statements about Decembrism, which allows us to solve the following tasks: 1) to restore the main creative impulses of the writer; 2) to characterize the formation of his cognitive strategy, which covers the mythologized past and the tragic events of the Soviet era; 3) to clarify a number of definite functions of the “little man” that have not yet been noted by the interpreters of the novel; 4) to highlight the mission of the “little man” that reveals Okudzhava’s ethical principle. We consider the artist’s inconsistency in stylizing the thinking of the “little man” (the lead character and his psychological counterpart – the narrator) as a means of involving the contemporary reader in a dispute about the conflicts of the past inherited by the 20th century. We show the fundamental novelty of the embodiment of the Decembrist theme in the mirror of the perception of literary critics of the 1970s, who remained in the grip of the myth of the first Russian revolutionaries in its two varieties (official or alternative, cultivated by freethinkers), which interfered with the proper perception of the status of the “little man” next to a historic figure. Our task is to show that the merciful ethics of the artist, compassionate to the sufferer, soften Okudzhava’s civic intransigence towards the ideology of Pestel, whose state utopia became a Soviet reality; thus, we substantiate the regularity of the election of the “little man”, who himself needs indulgence, to the role of the spokesman for Pushkin’s commandment of “mercy to the fallen”. We trace the bold development in Okudzhava’s novel of the classical tradition of the “little man” experiencing his own drama of the “weak heart”. The echoes of Avrosimov’s fantasies about saving Pestel with Pushkin’s poem “Deep in Siberia’s mines...” are comprehended in the article as a sublimation of the author’s pain about the tragic fate of the Decembrists.

Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Groundwater Ecological Function in Arid/Semiarid Regions of China: A Review

In arid and semi-arid areas, due to drought climate and shortage of water resources, groundwater is crucial for natural ecological protection and economic development. It serves a dual role as a resource function and an ecological function. However, with the continuous improvement of the exploitation and utilization of groundwater by human activities during rapid economic development, the phenomenon of groundwater overexploitation is becoming more and more serious, which has destroyed the natural balance of groundwater recharge and discharge. As a result, natural vegetation has lost the maintenance of the ecological function of groundwater, and a series of ecological and environmental problems have occurred, such as natural vegetation degradation, land desertification, sandstorms, and so on. In recent years, scholars have carried out research on groundwater resource management and optimization of water resource allocation, trying to solve the problem of water balance in arid regions. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding and systematization regarding influencing factors and degeneration mechanisms related to groundwater’s ecological function. By summarizing and analyzing the previous research results, this paper summarizes the influencing factors, evaluation methods, existing problems and future directions of groundwater ecological function research in China to provide a reference for rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater and ecological protection. This paper is divided into four main contents. The first part introduces the definition of groundwater ecological function (GEF); the second part summarizes the research status of influencing factors of GEF, including the groundwater table depth, vegetation root system and lithologic structure of vadose zone, etc.; the third part analyzes the evaluation of groundwater ecological function; the fourth part discusses the existing problems in the study of groundwater ecological functions, and based on the above research the evaluation framework of GEF is proposed with the Shiyang River basin as a case study; and finally, it highlights the future research directions about GEF.

Annotating microbial functions with ProkFunFind.

Analyzing microbial genomes has become an essential part of microbiology research, giving valuable insights into the functions and evolution of microbial species. Identifying genes of interest and assigning putative annotations to those genes is a central task in genome analysis, and a plethora of tools and approaches have been developed for this task. The ProkFunFind tool was developed to bridge the gap between these various annotation approaches, providing a flexible and customizable search approach to annotate microbial functions. ProkFunFind is designed around hierarchical definitions of biological functions, where individual genes can be identified using heterogeneous search terms consisting of sequences, profile hidden Markov models, protein domains, and orthology groups. This flexible and customizable search approach allows for searches to be tailored to specific biological functions, and the search results are output in multiple formats to facilitate downstream analyses. The utility of the ProkFunFind search tool was demonstrated through its application in searching for bacterial flagella, which are complex organelles composed of multiple genes. Overall, ProkFunFind provides an accessible and flexible way to integrate multiple types of annotation and sequence data while annotating biological functions in microbial genomes.IMPORTANCEGenome sequencing and analysis are increasingly important parts of microbiology, providing a way to predict metabolic functions, identify virulence factors, and understand the evolution of microbes. The expanded use of genome sequencing has also brought an abundance of search and annotation methods, but integrating the information from these different methods can be challenging and is often done through ad hoc approaches. To bridge the gap between different types of annotations, we developed ProkFunFind, a flexible and customizable search tool incorporating multiple search approaches and annotation types to annotate microbial functions. We demonstrated the utility of ProkFunFind by searching for gene clusters encoding flagellar genes using a combination of different annotation types and searches. Overall, ProkFunFind provides a reproducible and flexible way to identify gene clusters of interest, facilitating the meaningful analysis of new and existing microbial genomes.