Full-scale War Research Articles

ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ В ЕКОНОМІКУ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ

The global environment for international business and cross-border investment remains challenging in 2023. Although the economic obstacles that shaped investment trends in 2022 have subsided somewhat, they have not disappeared. Commodity prices, which spiked during the war in Ukraine, have come down, but the war continues and geopolitical tensions remain high. Recenupheavals in the financial sector in some developed countries are adding to investor uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to identify trends, diagnose problems, and develop promising directions for attracting foreign investment to the economy of Ukraine. In order to solve the set goal, the following scientific tasks were solved in the course of the study: the dynamics of the inflow of foreign investments and the structure of FDI into the national economy were analyzed by regional characteristics and by types of economic activity; the deterioration of the investment attractiveness of the national economy due to the reduction of the stock of FDI of Ukraine and the decrease of the index of investment attractiveness is substantiated; identified the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of attracting foreign investments to the economy of Ukraine based on the results of the SWOT analysis. In order to solve the set goal, the research determined FDI trends in the national economy and made conclusions about "investment shocks" associated with the global financial crisis of 2008, the start of the war in Donbas, COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine. This conclusion was reached by comparing the dynamics of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine with the flow of FDI into Ukraine, the trends of which were synchronized. For greater thoroughness of the research, the main foreign investors in the corporate segment were identified by the authors as companies (brands) that already had facilities in Ukraine at the time of the full-scale war and corporations that announced their intention to reinvest funds in Ukraine to support their assets. The authors substantiated the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of attracting foreign investments to the economy of Ukraine based on the results of a SWOT analysis.

Посттравматичний вплив фосфорної зброї: від патогенезу до лікування

With the beginning of a full-scale war, the negative impact of harmful, dangerous substances due to the use of chemical, phosphorus bombs and other weapons, prohibited by the Geneva Convention, leads to unpredictable consequences for the health of combatants and the civilian population as well. Objectives of the study is to analyze injuries caused by white phosphorus of various types of phosphorus weapons, such as explosive weapons with a wide area of damage - mines, ammunition, long-range missiles; artillery, mortar shells, various types of grenades - in the conditions of the russian invasion of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The following methods were used when performing the work: content analysis, comparative analysis and systematization of the researched material. A study of scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the period 2001-2023. The results. Phosphorus munitions such as white phosphorus are known for their high effectiveness in combat operations, but their use leads to serious injuries and post-traumatic psychological changes. White phosphorus after a bomb explosion causes burns to the tissues of the human body, especially when in contact with burning material, as well as burns to the upper respiratory tract due to inhalation of smoke or gases released during combustion. The article analyzes the legal framework prohibiting the use of phosphorous ammunition in armed conflicts. Clinical cases of combined gunshot wounds of the limbs with a massive defect of soft tissues, gunshot fractures and the presence of multiple foreign bodies of metallic density due to the used phosphorous ammunition were considered. An analysis of scientific research by foreign scientists on this issue was carried out. The article presents the algorithms for providing first aid due to the effects of phosphorous ammunition, as well as the methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 506 dated 20.03.2022) regarding the provision of medical assistance at the pre-hospital stage for burns, enteral poisoning, and eye contact phosphorus as a result of damage by the phosphorus component of the ammunition.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE PRISM OF MODERN CHALLENGES

The article substantiates the importance of the ecological component in the system of sustainable development goals. The powerful potential of Ukraine's ecosystem and environmental problems, problems of ensuring an ecologically safe environment for people's life and health are outlined. Global challenges for ecosystems are characterized (destruction of the ozone layer of the atmosphere, global climate changes, melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, harmful emissions, air and ocean pollution, drinking water problems, etc.). The significant negative impact of the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine on the environment is described. Environmental threats from nuclear energy manipulations are singled out; from waste storage facilities, coal mines, chemical plants and other branches of heavy industry, especially those located in the zone of active hostilities. It is noted that the destruction/damage of water supply systems, sewage and waste storage facilities, etc. provoke significant damage with long-term consequences for the environment and human health. It is founded that most problems of environmental direction are problems of a global level. Directions for achieving climate neutrality within the framework of the European Green Course are indicated. The results of Ukraine in achieving climate neutrality are analyzed. The state and problems of environmental protection financing are analyzed. It was found that in the structure of expenditures from the state budget of Ukraine for all types of financing of environmental protection measures, current expenditures significantly prevail over capital investments. In the structure of current expenses, the largest share is spent on waste management. It is noted that since the beginning of the full-scale war of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the amount of funding for environmental protection has significantly decreased, which is justified by the great need for defense funding. It is founded that the transition to a climate-neutral economy is a challenge for the modernization of economic sectors, requires a rethinking of the role of each member of society, but is at the same time an opportunity to ensure development based on the principles of sustainability. A system of measures to protect the environment and ensure environmental safety is outlined.

Patriarch and patriot: history in Patriarch Kirill’s sermons in the first year of the full-scale war in Ukraine

ABSTRACT The leader of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus, has correctly been seen as a staunch supporter of the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. However, explicit statements of support for the war are rare in his public sermons and speeches, and it is worth exploring the mechanisms of his support in some detail. The article presents an analysis of all the patriarch’s sermons and speeches between February 2022 and February 2023 and shows how the patriarch uses references to history to nurture a worldview that makes the war both legitimate and necessary. Using Duncan Bell’s notion of a mythscape, the author argues that Kirill infuses secular history with divine meaning in order to give indirect divine legitimation for the war in Ukraine. He further relates this to Stoeckl’s contention that the Russian Orthodox Church’s promotion of so-called traditional values functions as civil religion for today’s Russia and suggests that Kirill’s use of history nurtures this civil religion further.

The influence of humic acids on the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of veal

In today's conditions, the issue of food security is acute. The reason for the aggravation is the fullscale war on the territory of Ukraine, which causes not only a reduction in the number of animals, but also a forced change of rations, taking into account the lack of fodder. To meet the demands of consumers in meat, the demand for which is increasing, producers often use growth stimulants and feed antibiotics. The ban on their use in the European Union entered into force in 2006. That is why, the use of alternative natural growth stimulators, among which a special place is occupied by organic fodder mixtures made on the basis of humic acids. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of organic fodder mixture made on the basis of humic acids on live body weight, slaughter parameters of the carcass and meat quality of cattle. In the research process, generally accepted methods were used: zootechnical (determination of animal body weight, average daily growth, fattening categories), clinical (evaluation of appearance, motor activity, feed consumption), laboratory: organoleptic (color, smell, consistency, taste, juiciness and aroma of meat, broth transparency), physico-chemical (pH value, mass fraction of moisture, protein, fat) and statistical. The influence of humic acids on the weight gain of cattle aged 6-8 months and their fatness was studied. Along with this, changes in the slaughter parameters of carcasses, organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of veal were studied. It was established that the addition of humic acids to the diet of animals for 50 days contributes to an increase in average daily gains by 18% and an improvement in fatness. The weight of animals in the experimental group increased by 38.4±3.7 kg (p˂0.01), compared to the beginning of the experiment, the average daily gain is 783.6±75.8 g, against 570.1±85.8 g (p˂0.1) in the control group. The slaughter weight of the animals of the experimental group was higher by 8.0 kg (p˂0.1) compared to the control, the weight of the carcasses of the experimental group was 6.3 kg higher than the value of the control, the slaughter yield of the carcasses of the experimental group was 1.3% higher than control The color of the veal of the experimental group was more intense than that of the control group; the reason for this may be the acceleration of myoglobin synthesis under the influence of humic acids. Experts rated the smell of the samples obtained from the carcasses of experimental animals at 4.10±0.86 points against 3.78±0.69 of the control ones. The aroma of the meat was also evaluated with a higher score in the Bugai people of the experimental group compared to the control group. The mass share of proteins in the veal of the experimental group exceeded the indicators of the control group by p<0.05, which indicates a positive effect of the use of humic acids on protein synthesis. The mass fraction of fat in the meat of animals of the experimental and control groups probably did not differ on average by group and was 0.76±0.18 and 0.87±0.12%, respectively. Humic acids can affect the distribution of fats and proteins in the body and, thus, change the composition of meat. The pH of the meat of the animals of the experimental and control groups probably did not differ (p><0.1), with an average value of 5.67±0.06 to 5.79±0.04 units, respectively. Key words: humic acids, slaughter yield, average daily gain, organoleptic indicators, pH, mass fraction of proteins, mass fraction of fat.> <0.05, which indicates a positive effect of the use of humic acids on protein synthesis. The mass fraction of fat in the meat of animals of the experimental and control groups probably did not differ on average by group and was 0.76±0.18 and 0.87±0.12%, respectively. Humic acids can affect the distribution of fats and proteins in the body and, thus, change the composition of meat. The pH of the meat of the animals of the experimental and control groups probably did not differ (p<0.1), with an average value of 5.67±0.06 to 5.79±0.04 units, respectively. Key words: humic acids, slaughter yield, average daily gain, organoleptic indicators, pH, mass fraction of proteins, mass fraction of fat.

Logistics potential to ensure the resilience of the Ukrainian economic system facing global challenges

The aim of this paper is to assess the logistics potential to ensure the resilience of the economic system of Ukraine in the face of global challenges. The methods used in the study include: structural-dynamic, determinological, correlation analysis, index method, graphical and cartographic methods. The calculations were based on open data from analytical studies on the development of transport and logistics, as well as data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that high logistics potential, which is determined by the effectiveness of customs and border control, the quality of trade and transport infrastructure, the ease of organization of delivery, and the quality of logistics services, is the driver of the resilience of socio-economic systems of countries. The reduction of the logistical potential of the economic system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war is shown. This decrease resulted from blocked operation of a number of logistics routes and branches of the transport and logistics sphere and destroyed transport infrastructure objects as a result of hostilities and missile attacks.A change in the vector of export-import flows and their reorientation by means of transport was noted. Drivers of strengthening the logistics potential of the Ukrainian economic system are the transformation of the transport and logistics system, deepening cooperation with neighboring countries, systematic state support for the development of freight transportation by rail, compliance with European standards, and creation of Ukrzaliznytsia’s own freight carrier company that will work outside Ukraine. AcknowledgmentThis study was carried out within the framework of the international project “Increasing the capacity of freight transportation infrastructure on EU-Ukraine borders” (№ 22220189) implemented under the Visegrad Grant+ Programme.

Geopolitical tensions framing different industries in the European Arctic: aquaculture, forestry, mining, and tourism in question

ABSTRACT Russia’s full-scale war on Ukraine in early 2022 has brought geopolitics, particularly classical geopolitics, back into the political and economic discussions and decision-making. Discursive, as well as real-world change, has been rapid, as the turn of the 21st century was the time of globalisation and neoliberal ideology – the free movement of people, products, and services. However, in this paper, we argue that classical geopolitics has defined the development of Northern industries even before the war began in 2022. Our interview data (n = 60) collected in the advent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine reveal that the themes of state power; ‘hard’ security meaning military armament; the economy as a field of national interests; and spill-over effects of geopolitical tensions between superpowers have framed economic fortunes in the European Arctic. It is concluded that the state actors’ interests in the European Arctic’s physical space and natural assets will be increasingly expanding.

Comparative Characterisation of Key Epidemiological Indicators of Tuberculosis in Poltava Region for 2018—2023

For many years, tuberculosis has remained one of the pressing issues in global healthcare systems. The COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine have caused negative changes in all spheres of life, including tuberculosis morbidity. Objective — to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale war on key epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in Poltava Region during the period of 2018—2023. Materials and methods. An analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in Poltava Region was conducted using official statistical reports and analytical collections for the years 2018—2023. Three periods were distinguished for comparison: pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2018—2019), during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020—2021) and during the full-scale war (2022—2023). Results and discussion. During the pre-COVID-19 period in Poltava Region, as in Ukraine, there was a gradual decrease in tuberculosis morbidity (including the frequency of relapses). In 2019, this indicator in the region decreased by 14 % compared to 2018 (from 59.5 to 52.1 per 100,000 population). With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine, as in Poltava Region, the frequency of detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis decreased by 1.5 times. After the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukrainian territory, tuberculosis morbidity in Ukraine began to increase, almost reaching pre-pandemic levels in the last 2 years. In Poltava Region during this period, morbidity increased by almost 28 % (from 34.9 per 100,000 population in 2021 to 48.4 per 100,000 population in 2023). Conclusions. Tuberculosis most commonly affects unemployed males of working age. Tuberculosis morbidity remains higher in rural areas. Over the analysed period, there was a gradual decrease in tuberculosis mortality in both Ukraine and Poltava Region. Since 2015, this indicator in Poltava Region has decreased almost threefold — from 11.5 to 3.9 per 100,000 population in 2023.

F.M. Dostoevsky’s Nationalism: History, Historiography, and Politics. An Old Controversy in a Post-2022 Context

Abstract Dostoevsky’s nationalism has long been a sensitive and controversial topic in Western scholarship. At the core of the controversy is the problem of explaining the stark contrast between Dostoevsky’s philosophical message of universal love and the explicitly xenophobic, chauvinistic and war-glorifying statements found in many of his journalistic articles. Russia’s full-scale war in Ukraine has reignited the old controversy in ways that have brought to light the profound political implications involved in interpreting Russian history in a post-2022 context. Many Ukrainian intellectuals and public figures have come to question not only the appropriateness of Dostoevsky’s title as a “great humanist” but also the conventions of Dostoevsky’s reception in Western scholarship, which serve to maintain this image of the writer in the public mind, despite many of his unpalatable ideas. These sentiments are echoed by (as yet) a small group of Russianists in the West who argue for the need to reconsider Dostoevsky from a more critical, decolonizing perspective. This essay offers a historiographic review of the theme of Dostoevsky’s nationalism in Western and Russian scholarship over the past two decades. It also highlights the way in which Dostoevsky’s nationalist ideas have been used by Russian propagandists in popular media since Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine in 2014.

NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF IN-PATIENT PSYCHIATRIC CARE PROVISION IN THE POLTAVA REGION IN 2023

Introduction. The importance of safeguarding mental health and providing high-quality psychiatric care became increasingly urgent following the onset of full-scale war in Ukraine. Currently, a strategy to transfer psychiatric care from specialized institutions to primary care is being implemented. Therefore, analyzing the nosological distribution of referrals to a psychiatric hospital during martial law is an extremely urgent issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the nosological structure of hospitalizations at the Communal Enterprise “Regional Institution of Mental Psychiatric Care of the Poltava Regional Council” in 2023. Results and their discussion. Schizophrenia remains the leading diagnosis among patients receiving inpatient psychiatric care. The second place is taken by neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. In third place are organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders, with vascular dementia being the leading primary diagnosis among patients with organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders. Among the substances causing mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol ranks first. Paranoid schizophrenia is the leading diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal states, and delusional disorders. Recurrent depressive disorder is the most common among affective disorders. Adjustment disorders occupy the first place in the structure of the incidence of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. Among the behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, anorexia nervosa is the most common. Emotionally unstable personality disorder is most common among patients with disorders of adult personality and behavior. Mild mental retardation is more common than others. Childhood autism has the largest share in the incidence structure of disorders of psychological development. Among behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, the most common are mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in planning and forecasting the provision of inpatient psychiatric care to patients during the wartime.

Wojna na Ukrainie jako czynnik państwotwórczego rozwoju Unii Europejskiej

The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of the war in Ukraine on European integration. In particular, bellicist theories will be analyzed. I pose the following research questions: Has the security threat resulting from Russian imperialism prompted the European Union to develop its own defense capabilities? Did it stimulate the development of state functions of this organization, e.g. centralization or federalization aimed at guaranteeing the security of member states, especially those located in the east of the EU? I am also trying to verify the reasons why the state-building of the EU encounters difficulties in the situation of the war in Ukraine. The study was conducted during the first two years of the full-scale war in Ukraine (2022–2023).

Urban agglomerations as forms of cooperation of communities in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

The decentralization reform, which is undoubtedly one of the most successful in Ukraine, contributed to the formation and strengthening of the foundations of the functioning of the municipal government in Ukraine, which in the conditions of a full-scale war demonstrated the ability to counter extraordinary challenges, ensuring the functioning of the economy and the livelihood of the population. Local self- government bodies not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the state, but also provided support to communities that were occupied/de-occupied, provided temporary housing and created favorable conditions for the integration of forcibly displaced persons into the community, guaranteed the timely provision of the entire range of services at the community level, etc. The article is devoted to the search for ways to improve the institution of local self- government in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which will speed up the reconstruction of destroyed settlements, lead to the growth of economic indicators and a significant increase in the level of providing services to the population. The author substantiates the need to revise the legislative regulation of issues of cooperation of territorial communities, in particular by creating urban agglomerations as one of the types of cooperation of territorial communities. The practice of functioning of urban agglomerations in foreign countries and the prospects of creating such agglomerations in Ukraine are analyzed. Attention is focused on the efforts of legislative regulation of the functioning of urban agglomerations, the debatability of the norms of the draft laws, which defined urban agglomerations as a separate component of the administrative-territorial system, contained norms that, having established the principle of mutual benefit, essentially legitimized the attempt of large cities to extend the sphere of their influence to adjacent territories, expand the boundaries of own powers at the expense of the powers and resources of neighboring territorial communities. It is proposed to supplement the Law «On the Cooperation of Territorial Communities»; and some other laws with separate regulations determining the legal status of agglomerations, to provide for the formation of the agglomeration council and to include in its sphere of competence consideration of issues affecting the common interests of territorial communities that are part of the agglomeration, and to provide a list of basic powers, which may vary depending on the amount of institutional capacity of the respective agglomeration.

UKRAINIAN FORCED MIGRANTS’ INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET: GERMAN VS POLISH CASE

The tsunami of forced migration caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 poses a significant challenge to the socio-economic systems of host European countries, in particular Germany and Poland, which are the two main destination countries for displaced Ukrainians. Despite relatively similar statistics on the number and demographic structure of Ukrainian forced immigrants, the two countries differ significantly in terms of the level of labour market integration of refugees, which is a key factor determining their social integration and economic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities and common features of the integration of Ukrainian forced migrants in the labour markets of Germany and Poland, taking into account the pre-war experience of these countries in attracting Ukrainian economic migrants. Methodology. The study is a comparative analysis of the pre-war and forced migration trajectories of the two countries based on data from the German and Polish statistical services and Eurostat in 2010-2022. Results. The article discusses the redistribution of the main demographic characteristics in the profile of Ukrainian migrants in the post-war period, which led to an increase in the share of women with higher education in the demographic structure of migrants. These demographic differences, coupled with the peculiarities of European labour markets, have affected the employment prospects of Ukrainian refugees in European countries of destination. The pre-war experience of temporary labour migration from Ukraine and social ties between refugees and members of the diaspora were recognised as factors that facilitated the integration of Ukrainian refugees. The analysis showed that in addition to the geographical and cultural proximity between Ukraine and Poland, the circular labour migration model that dominated relations between Ukraine and Poland contributed to the rapid integration of Ukrainian refugees into the labour market after the outbreak of full-scale war. The lack of German language skills is the most common reason for the lower participation of Ukrainians in the German labour market compared to the Polish one. In Germany, favourable labour market conditions combined with integration policies facilitate access to the labour market for Ukrainian refugees in the long term. Practical implications. By examining the previous circular seasonal migration of Ukrainians over the past decade and their labour market integration in specific destination countries after the outbreak of war, this paper provides a broader perspective for the study of the transition from forced to permanent migration. Value/Originality. Given the global growth of both seasonal labour migrants and forms of movement, the key findings of the study provide a better understanding of these changing categories of mobility and their implications.

Defining media speech effectiveness: A case of Ukrainian president Zelenskyy's addresses to national parliaments

The paper argues that effectiveness of media speeches, i.e., their ability to influence the addressees, largely rests on national prototypes, representing cultural entities and historic events. The national prototypes are clear and accessible, resonating with the addressees' values, attitudes, and beliefs. The article analyzes rhetorical effectiveness of Ukrainian president's addresses delivered at the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian full-scale war to parliaments of seven states: Poland, USA, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan and Greece. Volodymyr Zelenskyy appeals to the target audiences' national prototypes representing events or cultural entities correlating with Ukraine's current plight. It is found that with respect to the similarity to the national prototypes of other countries the arguments employed in Zelenskyy’s speeches fall into three types: direct, implicit, and gradual. The most effective is direct reference to prototypes at the global or national levels of the listeners' worldviews. Less effective are implicit arguments left for the addressee to be inferred like any other implicature. The least effective are gradual arguments based on presuppositions about some commonly shared information: they modify the existing national prototypes with reference to the present or future which is not always accepted by the audience.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF UKRAINIAN BANKS

This article examines the peculiarities of the management of assets and liabilities of Ukrainian banks in the conditions of significant structural transformations of the resource base during the period of martial law. The analysis is carried out at the level of homogeneous structural and functional groups of banks (SFGBs), which are formed using published reporting data and the application of Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM). Accumulation of statistical data has been carried out for 5 years, special attention is paid to structural changes in the resource base and directions of placement of bank assets over the past two years.Over the past two years, the bank has been under the influence of shock factors affecting assets and liabilities. At the beginning of 2022, there was an outflow of funds from bank accounts, which was gradually compensated by the inflow of current funds from corporations and the population of individuals. In 2023, the National Bank of Ukraine actively stimulated the development of the term resource base, the basis for ensuring the growth of credit operations. Transactions with state securities continue to grow in the structure of bank assets. The priority task of the banking system remains the financial support of business, but in the conditions of a full-scale war, such development of credit operations is limited. It is expedient to study the strategy of banks by combining the structure of assets and liabilities according to similar characteristics and analyzing the dynamics of groups. Observation of homogeneous groups confirms their stable nature, features of strategy, risk profile and development priorities. It has been proven that banks within homogeneous SFGBs demonstrate similar behaviour in the formation of management strategies and reactions to internal and external shocks. At the macro level, the SOM structure allows you to quantitatively assess the main processes taking place in the banking system, conduct comparisons with maps, and identify problems and priorities in the management of bank assets and liabilities. The SFGB method allows you to evaluate the trajectory of individual banks on the map and develop recommendations for improving the strategy of managing assets and liabilities.

АНАЛІЗ ПОТОЧНОГО СТАНУ ЕНЕРГОСИСТЕМИ ТА СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РОЗОСЕРЕДЖЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the state of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Ukraine as of the beginning of 2023. The main focus of the article is on the issue of energy security and the consequences for the UES of Ukraine after mass attacks on energy facilities from the beginning of a full-scale invasion until the beginning of 2023. The assessment of the main shortcomings of the current model of the operation of the power system was carried out and the current short-term strategies for its modernization were considered in order to prepare for the heating season of 2023-2024. During the analysis of potentially possible short-term strategies, the main attention was paid to the recovery plan of Ukraine, available capacities of the Gas Transport System (GTS) of Ukraine, potential of using "Floating Power Plants", poten-tial possibilities of the operation of distribution networks (DM) in the "island mode" and stimulating an increase in the share of distributed sources generation (DSG) and energy storage systems (ESS). The current results of the implemen-tation of the above-mentioned strategies and the potential of their development after the end of a full-scale war in ac-cordance with the energy strategy of Ukraine until 2035 and the main theses of the energy strategy of Ukraine until 2050 were presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the recommendation regarding the implementation of the preparation of the UES of Ukraine for the next heating season were formed. Bibl. 10, fig. 2.

LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A YEAR OF FULL-SCALE WAR

The main purpose of this research article is a comprehensive study of the transformational impact of a full-scale war on the labour market, with a special focus on the challenges posed by labour force dynamics in the context of the Ukrainian economy. Through rigorous analysis and empirical research, the paper aims to identify and highlight the multifaceted changes that occur in the labour market during conflict, shedding light on the complex relationship between war-induced factors and the composition of the labour force. By examining these dynamics, the paper aims to make a valuable contribution to policy and strategic decision-making aimed at mitigating the negative effects of war on the labour market, which will ultimately contribute to sustainable economic recovery and development after the conflict ends. Methodology. This research article uses secondary analysis of data from the State Employment Service, as well as the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The practical implementation of the conclusions outlined in this article involves the formulation of targeted recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy on the labour market in Ukraine, in particular, with a focus on the restoration of human resources in the post-conflict period. Drawing on the findings of a comprehensive analysis of war-induced labour market changes, these practical recommendations aim to offer actionable strategies for policy makers and stakeholders. Emphasising the need for rapid and adaptive interventions, the authors call for evidence-based decision-making to address the identified challenges. The practical implementation of these recommendations aims to guide the development and implementation of policies that will not only mitigate the immediate impact of the war on the labour market, but also contribute to the long-term sustainability and stability of the Ukrainian labour force. Value/Originality. Current trends in the labour market are analysed. The main threats to the labour market of Ukraine and the impact on the supply and demand of labour under martial law are identified. The author proposes to regulate the professional and qualification imbalance in the labour market through the system of advanced training or retraining of employees seeking employment in a profession in demand in the economy; spreading new forms of employment and supporting self-employment; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent conditions and remuneration.

Features of organizing physical education for students in the conditions of distance learning

Over the past few years, the conditions under which Ukraine's development is taking place have been characterized by a number of changes and transformations. Undoubtedly, they were reflected in all social relations, including educational ones. Thus, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a full-scale war, from February 24, 2022, the educational process was organized in a distance format, which remains relevant to this day. At the same time, the correct selection of methods for teaching practical disciplines, such as physical education, which requires the student to use special tools and skills, is especially important. The aim of this study was to analyse qualitative approaches, on the basis of which it is possible to carry out professional training of students, including physical education, in current educational conditions. For this, the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction was used in the work. As a result, it was possible to reveal the main advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, namely the organization of physical education during it. In addition, priority tools were described, which were most often used by teachers during training sessions. It was also possible to analyse both positive and negative factors, which most affect the quality and dynamics of the educational process. It was important to form quality recommendations, related to increasing the effectiveness of teaching physical education in distance learning conditions. The practical value of the work is revealed in the fact that it can be used by educational workers during preparation for educational classes, as well as by students for independent work.

Risks in Volunteer Activities during the War in Ukraine

The significant role of volunteer activities in social development and solving socially significant problems is recognized internationally and nationally. Now, volunteerism serves as an expression of civic maturity, contributing to stabilizing and regulating social relations. In the context of a full-scale war in Ukraine, the role of volunteering in providing the army with essential support is continuously increasing. However, volunteer activities are characterized by a high degree of risk in such circumstances. The article aims to analyze the risks of volunteer activities during the war in Ukraine. The article explores the fundamental features and directions of volunteer activities in Ukraine, including support for the army, assistance to internally displaced persons and refugees, and other relevant social issues. It identifies the transformation of the volunteer environment in the country from chaotic to structured and professional since the onset of the full-scale invasion. The article also highlights the challenges faced by volunteer organizations, including reduced aid volumes, volunteer safety issues, lack of coordination and effective control over donated property, and others. The paper analyzes the principal negative aspects of volunteer activities that may pose risks, including the expenditure of internal resources, globalization and hyperbolization of activities, elevated demands on the surrounding community, overestimation of one's significance, savior complex, object of aid incapacitation, and authoritarianism. It is noted that volunteerism can be particularly hazardous in terms of emotional burnout since volunteers need to provide not only their time and resources but also emotional support. Risks associated with postponing the right to enjoy life and immersing the volunteer in the role of a "savior" that can lead to alienation from others are also considered. In this regard, volunteerism may become a source of conflict. The article suggests ways to address the risks and negative aspects of volunteer activities in Ukraine's war conditions. Emphasis is placed on controlling emotions, motivation, and relationships; monitoring mental health; comparing assigned tasks with personal resources; realistically understanding one's capabilities; and not postponing essential moments. Keywords: volunteering, exhaustion, emotional burnout, savior complex, psyche, problems, risks.

Application of forensic analysis methods in the field of investigation of recruitment of people for sexual slavery abroad

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the human trafficking problem, with a focus on sexual exploitation as one of the main forms of this crime. The author examines this issue from various aspects, particularly through the lens of statistical data, legislative norms, and investigative methods. Special attention is given to the situation in Ukraine, where human trafficking, exacerbated by the full-scale war with Russia, remains an extremely relevant and complex problem. Prior to the conflict, Ukraine ranked 49th among 167 countries in the prevalence of modern slavery. However, due to recent events, the scale and prevalence of this crime have significantly increased. Utilizing statistical data from the National Police of Ukraine, the article points out the high latency of this crime and the significant proportion of sexual exploitation among human trafficking cases. In the context of legal regulation, the author analyzes international and national normative acts that prohibit slavery and human exploitation. In particular, attention is drawn to Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The article describes how human trafficking is conducted both at the national and transnational levels, with an emphasis on the difficulties of detection and investigation of such crimes due to their hidden nature. It is noted that the investigation of such crimes requires the use of two methods of inquiry: information from witnesses and victims, which can be less effective, and data from operational-search activities, which provides maximum efficiency. For investigating offenses related to sexual exploitation abroad, criminal analysis methods are used, including the analysis of connections, events, departmental, and open-source information. The author emphasizes the importance of using innovative technologies, particularly artificial intelligence and multimodal models based on machine learning, for more effective detection and counteraction of the crime of human trafficking. It is underscored that such technologies can complement traditional investigative methods, providing the ability to better analyze collected information and identify potential victims and criminals. The author of the article calls for attention to and resolution of the human trafficking problem in Ukraine and emphasizes the necessity of adhering to international and internal norms to combat this crime.