Friendship Factors Research Articles

Subjective well-being and parenting in adolescence: Do peers matter when things are not so good?

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association between adolescents’ subjective well-being and parenting, as well as the moderating role of peer relationships between the negative aspects of parenting and subjective well-being. Method: Adolescents (n = 331) attending Junior High School and High School (aged 12-18 years) in the broader area of Attica, Greece, participated in the study. Participants completed the Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being/Youth Form, the 40-item Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran Child Version (EMBU-C) questionnaire (for ages 7–16 years), and the Friendship Quality Scale. Results: There was a positive association between parental emotional warmth and adolescents’ satisfaction, as well as between parental rejection and adolescents’ ill-being. Furthermore, closeness to friends moderated the association between adolescents’ ill-being and rejection by mothers and fathers. Girls and older adolescents had higher scores in the negative factors of subjective well-being, while girls scored higher in all friendship factors. Finally, based on adolescents’ perceptions, mothers had significantly higher scores than fathers in all parenting variables. Conclusions: Findings highlight the significance of the implementation of tailored interventions in schools and families for promoting adolescents’ well-being.

Bullying and depression among adolescents in East Asia: a scoping review on prevalence rates, risk and protective factors.

Bullying and victimization in adolescence is associated with mental health problems including depression. Depression in East Asian adolescents presents similarities and differences from that in Western adolescents. This review reports on the prevalence and psychosocial associations of bullying and depression in East Asian adolescents. Electronic databases (Medline, and Embase) were searched for English language articles on bullying and its associations for a span of 10 years (1st January 2013 to 19th January 2024). Searches were limited to studies conducted in East Asia involving adolescents 10-19 years of age. Out of 1,231 articles initially identified, 65 full-text articles (consisting of 44 cross-sectional and 21 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis & analysis. Prevalence rates of bullying ranged from 6.1% - 61.3% in traditional bullying victimization and 3.3% to 74.6% in cyberbullying victimization with higher rates in at-risk groups (e.g., adolescents with internet addiction). Psychosocial associations of bullying and depression which were similarly found in Western cultures include individual factors of coping style and gender; family factors of functioning and sibling relationships; and community factors of friendship and school-connectedness. In contrast, unique East Asian risk factors included being different (i.e., sexual minority status) and teachers as bullies. Findings of this scoping review suggest that strong relationships within families, peers and the school community coupled with adolescents' positive coping style are protective against the negative effects of bullying. Conversely, poor parent-child attachment in the midst of family dysfunction, poor engagement with peers and the school community together with low self-esteem predispose East Asian adolescents to depressive symptoms as a result of victimization. Similar to Western cultures, adolescents who are bully-victims and poly-victims are most vulnerable to depression. As a significant proportion of bullying occurred in school, future research could focus on a whole-school intervention approach to counter bullying.

THE PUNK COMMUNITY'S RECEPTION OF SELF-CONCEPT PORTRAYALS IN THE MEDIA

The problem is punk kids are always considered negative and underestimated by society. This study aims to find out how punk children perceive their self-concept in media. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type. The data sources obtained by researchers used data collection, such as interviews with punk child informants, observation and documentation. The results of the study found that there were several factors for punk children, namely from family factors and friendship factors. This punk kid always gets negative comments about him. However, all the punk kids did was stay silent and didn't care about what was being commented on. This punk kid perceives his self-concept image in online media with its pros and cons. Punk kids see their self-concept as negative because there are people who wear punk-worthy attributes or appearances, but these people don't know what punk really means and often commit crimes. Therefore, punk is always labeled negatively even though it is not punk who does it. And also punk kids who think positively because one of the punk kids has seen his self-concept in a movie and in that movie he has high solidarity with social concerns.

The American Friendship Project: A report on the status and health of friendship in America.

Friendship is critical for individuals' well-being, but recent efforts to characterize Americans' friendship have suggested that these relationships are in peril. The present study is a report on the methods and results of three surveys from the American Friendship Project (AFP). The goal of the AFP is to be the most accurate and most complete account of American friendship as well as its health and change over time. The AFP reports on five critical facets of social health as it relates to friendship: 1) the structural factors of friendship (e.g., who are they, how many); 2) friendship quality (e.g., satisfaction, closeness); 3) social support from friends; 4) the quantity of online and offline communication; and 5) well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, loneliness, connection). Data was collected from two national samples of American adults in 2022 and 2023 and from a large sample of college students across three universities in 2022. The key finding from this investigation is, compared to the discouraging results of other recent surveys, Americans reported having more friends and fewer were friendless. AFP results also suggest that face-to-face (FtF) meetings among friends are quite common, as are telephone calls and text messaging. College student and adult samples reported very similar attitudes and experiences with friendship overall, but students were more likely to meet friends at school and to keep them for a shorter length of time. Another key finding is Americans long for greater closeness with friends; though over 75% were satisfied with the number of friends they had, over 40% felt they were not as close to their friends as they would like. Overall, the AFP is a rich source of data that can be used to answer a multitude of questions about friendship and its connection to well-being.

Social media use and subjective well-being among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis study explored how the use of different social media is related to subjective well-being among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.Design/methodology/approachWe surveyed 1,681 university students in the Kanto region of Japan in May 2021 to investigate how social media use relates to subjective well-being. We also examined the effects of self-consciousness and friendship, self-presentation desire, generalized trust, online communication skills, depression tendency and social support from others.FindingsThe responses revealed 15 possible patterns of social media usage on four widely used social media in Japan (LINE, Twitter, Instagram and Facebook). We selected users with the top five patterns for further statistical analyses: LINE/Twitter/Instagram/Facebook, LINE/Twitter/Instagram, LINE/Twitter, LINE/Instagram and LINE only. Overall, self-establishment as a factor of self-consciousness and friendship, and social support from others had positive effects on the improvement of subjective well-being, whereas depression tendency had negative effects on their subjective well-being regardless of their usage patterns, of which the results of social support from others and depression tendency were consistent with the results of previous studies. Regarding other factors, they had different effects on subjective well-being due to different patterns. Effects on subjective well-being from self-indeterminate and self-independency as factors of self-consciousness and friendship, praise acquisition, self-appeal and topic avoidance as factors of self-presentation desire were observed.Originality/valueThis is among the earliest studies on the relationship between young generations’ social media use and subjective well-being through social media usage patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescence: A Comprehensive Study of Multidimensional Factors Associated with Symptom Severity 1 Year Following the Diagnosis.

The overarching goal of this study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological, familial, and friendship factors in explaining anorexia nervosa (AN) symptom severity 1 year following diagnosis among a sample of adolescent girls. A second objective was to determine whether friendship factors mediated the association between psychological and/or familial factors and AN symptom severity. This study included 143 adolescent girls under the age of 18 diagnosed with AN (M = 14.84, SD = 1.31). Participants were recruited from specialized eating disorder treatment programs. At admission (T1), participants completed a set of self-report questionnaires measuring psychological, familial, and friendship factors. AN symptom severity was assessed 1 year later (T2). Results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that greater general psychological maladjustment at T1 (b = .26; se = .03; p = .00) was associated with greater AN symptom severity at T2. Greater alienation from friends at T1 (b = 1.20, se = .53, p = .03) also predicted greater AN symptom severity at T2, above and beyond the influence of adolescent girls' general psychological maladjustment. Finally, the mediating role of alienation from friends in the association between general psychological maladjustment at T1 and AN symptom severity at T2 was also identified. AN is a multidimensional disorder with a prognosis that involves both psychological and social factors. The results stemming from the present study shed light on the role of peer as a mechanism through which general psychological maladjustment is linked to AN symptom severity 1 year following diagnosis.

Fair distribution in early childhood: Stuck between friends and needy strangers

Children distribute resources to recipients differentially regarding various factors such as ‘need’ or ‘friendship’ (social closeness). The aim of this study is to examine the interaction between these two variables by presenting children with two recipients who are a friend and a stranger varying on the number of materials they need. A distribution task with four different scenarios (conditions) was applied to 25 children (Mage =62.16, 15 males) aged 4-6 years. Across scenarios of four experimental conditions, the amount of needed materials was manipulated between the friend and the stranger. The participants were asked to distribute resources to the recipients in each experimental session. Allocation of all resources to the needy recipient to eliminate the need in the expense of the friend meant ‘fair’ distribution; while the allocation of all resources to the friend meant ‘friend-favoring’. The results showed an interaction between ‘need’ and ‘friendship’ for their roles in allocation decisions. Children favored the friend when their friend is needier than the stranger and transferred the greatest amount of resources to the needy friend. In the condition that the stranger is needier, levels of friend-favoring decrease. The results indicated that preschool children have a tendency for favoritism but this preference weakens in presence of a needier stranger. Taken together, the findings suggest that children are capable of taking the two competing factors of friendship and neediness into consideration at a time and able to adjust their allocation to meet the needs of not only friends but also strangers. Preschool children’s preference to support fairness occurs together with their developing helping behavior and moral reasoning as well.

A Narrative Inquiry of Student’s Academic Stress in English Subject

Academic stress is one of the things that are often experienced by students during the teaching and learning process, especially in English. This study aims to find out the factors that cause students academic stress in English subject. The research data was collected by distributing questionnaires to the tenth-grade students of SMA Nurul Jadid and interviewing three students in the superior language class of SMA Nurul Jadid who experienced academic stress high level. This study uses qualitative research, which uses a narrative inquiry approach. Based on the result findings and discussion in the previous chapter, the researcher concludes that there are three students in the tenth grade of SMA Nurul Jadid who experience academic stress in English subjects. The researcher found two factors that students in the tenth grade of superior language experienced academic stress, namely: internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include wrong mindset and low mentality. While the external factors are: busy class schedule, high achievement demand, and the friendship factor.

The Role of the Family in Shaping the Character of Broken Home Children in Wanath Hamlet, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency

This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to determine the role of the family in shaping the character of broken home children in Wanath Hamlet, Kec. Leihitu Kab. Central Moluccas. This research was conducted in Wanath Hamlet, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with a number of informants who were considered to be directly involved. Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers, it was revealed that most of the children who were in a broken home family situation had negative characters, one of which was being a child who liked to fight when ordered, did not listen when his parents advised him, but some of them who like to help their parents when their parents are sick. The activities of the children in Wanath Waisane Hamlet are not far from helping their parents at home, both boys and girls. If men help by adding water and for women cooking and cleaning the house. , in this case it becomes a separate task for the family in shaping the character of the child to be even better. Therefore, the family's efforts, in this case the parents of broken home children, by giving advice to their children and also applying rules that can make children their children get better or even limit their children's association. In addition to the efforts that have been made by the family, of course there must be obstacles to lack of communication, cell phones and also environmental factors of friendship, for example, but the rules and advice that are carried out by parents do not rule out the possibility of being a supporting factor for the role of parents of broken home kids.

Understanding consumers’ continuance intention of social shopping and social media participation: The perspective of friends on social media

Understanding consumers’ continuance intention of social shopping and social media participation: The perspective of friends on social media

Analysis Business Plan and Business Feasibility Studies To Interested Student Becomes Young Entrepreneurs In Program Study Management Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi

Mira Yosefa Siregar Manajemen,UniversitasPembangunan, Panca Budi, MEDANmirayosefas@yahoo.com Abstract. There companies that produce products and services the business competition its more complex, so that more competitors there, ways entrepreneurs can attract consumers to buy products or services that are sold according to their wants and needs. The importance of understanding business planning so that business can be carried out on the right track because it’s a guideline to sharpen the plans that are expected to be in accordance with the goals to be achieved. A good business plan has stages that must be done to maximize business opportunities, which is to seek business assistance funds. Information from the business plan includes the vision, mission and business objectives, financial reports, marketing strategies and detailed data sales The understanding of business feasibility studies is related to business planning due to assessing whether or not it is appropriate for a business to be established an existing business in order to compete in the current market share. Students' interest in becoming young entrepreneurs is considered good because students as the younger generation must have a high spirit, be productive, and can be a pioneer in the world of entrepreneurship in Indonesia, especially at the University Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan.The research aims to determine how students' understanding of business plann, and business feasibility studies relate to their interest in becomes young entrepreneur. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of description. The subjects of this study were students who were trained in the two-class business feasibility study course totaling 60 people with the sampling technique being the sensus sample. Technical analysis data by collecting data, presenting data and conclusions. The results of the study found that there were supporting and inhibiting factors in the process of delivering material and business interests, for the supporting factors were having agile and responsive human resources, adequate facilities and infrastructure, financial conditions supporting the learning process at UNPAB, participating in extracurricular activities, lecturers giving assignments to students. While the inhibiting factors are the attitude of students who are not enthusiastic, lack of interest in learning and entrepreneurship, environmental factors of residence and friendship, low quality of lecturers without training and knowledge development and low student achievement. Guidance and motivation are needed for students to be motivated and have high competitiveness in facing the digital-based business world in the future with the progress of the industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords: Business Plan, Business Feasibility Study, Business Interest, Young Entrepreneurs

Pelaksanaan Konseling Behaviour dengan Teknik Self Control Untuk Mengatasi Kecanduan Game Online Peserta didik di SMK Muhammadiyah Karanganyarkabupaten Pekalongan

This type of research is field action research. Sources of informants consist of 25 people. divided into 2 sources, primary data 5 students who are addicted to online games and secondary 20 students who are not addicted to games, parents, principals. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers by means of participant observation, and unstructured interviews. Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that students who are addicted to online games due to lack of parental attention initially (100%) and have changed (60%), the initial friendship factor (100%) and has changed (80%), and stress relief. initially (100%) and has changed (80%). the application of CBT counseling is carried out in 2 cycles containing material about bad things that will arise from playing online games such as being able to make students accustomed to saying dirty words, lying to parents, being lazy to do schoolwork

Pelaksanaan Konseling Behaviour Dengan Teknik Self Control Untuk Mengatasi Kecanduan Game Online Peserta Didik Di Smk Muhammadiyah Karanganyarkabupaten Pekalongan

This type of research is field action research. Sources of informants consist of 25 people. divided into 2 sources, primary data 5 students who are addicted to online games and secondary 20 students who are not addicted to games, parents, principals. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers by means of participant observation, and unstructured interviews. Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that students who are addicted to online games due to lack of parental attention initially (100%) and have changed (60%), the initial friendship factor (100%) and has changed (80%), and stress relief. initially (100%) and has changed (80%). the application of CBT counseling is carried out in 2 cycles containing material about bad things that will arise from playing online games such as being able to make students accustomed to saying dirty words, lying to parents, being lazy to do schoolwork

Adolescent loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: The protective role of friends.

The current study examines if perceived negative changes due to COVID‐19 are related to adolescent loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms and whether friendship factors (online friend communication, friend support) serve a protective role in these associations. In total, 993 adolescents (M age = 16.09, SD = 1.24) from ethnically diverse backgrounds (49% White, 18% Asian/Asian‐American, 14% Latinx, 9% Black/African‐American, 10% Other) in the United States completed an online survey. Adolescents who perceived more negative changes due to COVID‐19 reported more loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms. For loneliness and stress, these associations were qualified by interactions with the friendship factors. Among adolescents with low online friend communication, as perceived negative changes increased, loneliness also increased. At high levels of friend communication, there was no link between negative COVID‐19 changes and loneliness. Friend communication and support may protect adolescents from well‐being problems stemming from the negative changes in their life due to COVID‐19.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATHLETES' FRIENDLY RELATIONSHIP AND SPORT PARTICIPATION MOTIVATIONS

Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the motivation of participation in sports and the level of peer relations of wrestling athletes according to the benefit of Athlete Training Centers and to determine the predictive power of peer relations on the motivation of participants to participate in sports. Method: The sample group of the study included 225 Athletes' Training Centres (SEM) boarding in 21 regions, 142 beneficiaries on a daytime basis and 503 wrestlers in a total of 136 who did not benefit at all. The ages of the participants ranged from 12 to 18 (Mean age= 16). Participants selected with the easy sampling method answered the "Peer Relationship Scale" (Atik, Cok, Coban, Dogan, & Karaman, 2014) and the "Motivation to Participate in Sports" (Oyar, Asci, Celebi, & Mulazımoglu, 2001). After testing of the base assumptions required for the parametric testing, descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data, Kruskal Wallis H, Mann Whitney U, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation regression tests were used. Results and Conclusion: It was determined that the motivation of participants to participate in sports and sub-factors of success/status, team membership/spirit, physical fitness/energy expenditure differed in favor of boarders, competition, movement/activeness and skill development factors in favor of daytime ones. No difference is observed in the entertainment and friendship factors depending on their location in SEM. On the other hand, while the total score and protection factors of the peer relationship are not different from the status of staying in SEM, the factors of togetherness and intimacy differ in favor of the boarders and the conflict and proximity factors differ in favor of the daytime ones. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that peer relations were a significant predictor of the participants' motivation to participate in sports.

The Effects of Adolescents' Relationships with Parents and School/Institute Teachers as Protective Factors on Smartphone Addiction: Comparative Analysis of Elementary, Middle, and High School Levels in South Korea

This study was conducted for the purpose of empirically analyzing the effects of adolescents’ relationships with major adults as protective factors for smartphone addiction. Specifically, the study compared the discriminatory effects of adolescents’ relationships with their parents, school teachers, and educational institute teachers on smartphone addiction among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. Analyzing the data of the 2019 Korean Children & Youth Happiness Index (*N*=7,454), it was found that relationships with adults were significant factors in explaining the level of smartphone addiction even after controlling for the influences of adolescents’ demographics, usage time, and friendship factors. For elementary school students, good relationships with their mothers and school teachers decreased the risk of smartphone addiction. On the other hand, in the case of middle school students, only a good relationship with father functioned as a protective factor. Good relationships with their fathers and institute teachers decreased the level of high school students’ smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, this study discussed on the development of programs and policies for prevention and intervention of adolescents’ smartphone addiction and provided suggestions for follow-up research in the future.

Faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi academic self-efficacy: Sebuah tinjauan literatur

Academic self-efficacy is one’s belief in his/her ability to do assignments, regulate their learning activities, or realize their academic expectations. Indeed, a great level of academic efficacy is needed by one student so he or she can meet his/her academic expectations. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of research related to external factors affecting academic self-efficacy. Literature identification was conducted on databases such as google scholar, Science direct, SAGE Journals, and Springerlink using the keywords ”efikasi diri akademik”, ”academic self-efficacy”, and ”academic self-efficacy factors”. The results of this study found that family factors, friendship factors, and teacher support factors are external factors that can affect the level of individual’s academic self-efficacy.

The Effectiveness of Preparation for Marriage Education with PREP in Iran

Premarital education can benefit couples from many socioeconomic levels. This study aimed to validate the PREP questionnaire and then explore the effectiveness of PREP education for Iranian couples. This study has been done in two phases. In the first phase, the PREP questionnaire was validated. In the second phase, quasi-experimental research was conducted in a pretest-post-test control group design to examine the effectiveness of the PREP education for 15 participants in the experimental group and 15 participants in the control group. The results of factor analysis in the first phase of the study revealed that the PREP questionnaire consists of four factors of Friendship and Emotional Safety; Communication Danger Signs; Social Integration, and Communication Skills. In the second phase of PREP education, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test on all four factors. Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group on all factors except Social Integration. We can conclude that by utilizing PREP, the researchers found that interpersonal relationships are highly valued for participants and utilizing PREP and other educational programs can successfully help Iranian couples navigate through the complexity of relational dynamics with more knowledge and skills.

Cynical Hostility and Loneliness in Older Adult Married Couples: An Indirect Effect Through Friendships.

Cynical hostility is a cognitive schema according to which people cannot be trusted, and it has associations with individuals' loneliness. The present study takes a dyadic approach to examine whether cynical hostility is related to one's own and their spouse's loneliness. We further explore whether friendship factors serve as a mediator between individuals' and spouses' cynical hostility and loneliness. We used 2 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1,065 couples) and Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) with mediation to examine the proposed model. Mediation was tested with the construction of path models and significance levels were reached using bootstrapping. For both husbands and wives, cynical hostility was significantly associated with loneliness. Husband's loneliness was also significantly associated with his wife's cynical hostility, but wife's loneliness was not associated with her husband's cynical hostility. We further found that the association between wife's own cynical hostility and loneliness was mediated by lower levels of contact with, and support from friends. Friendship factors did not serve as mediators for husbands. Husbands and wives who have higher levels of cynical hostility may be more vulnerable to loneliness. High levels of cynical hostility in women may be related to deficits in their quantity and quality of friendship, and thus be associated with loneliness. Men who are married to women with a higher level of cynical hostility may experience increased loneliness, but this relationship is not explained by men's friendships.

Are Young Women More Potential to Commit Suicide?

Abstract
 Introduction. Convenience in various aspects of life in fact does not guarantee people to live happier. Every year around the world around one million people die from suicide. One of the most consistent findings in suicide research is that women make more suicide attempts (tentament suicide) than men. This research is the first research and conducted as an effort to increase the awareness of all medical potentials of young women to commit suicide.
 Methods. This research was a qualitative research with in-depth interview approach to respondents. The subjects of this study were patients with a diagnosis of tentamen suicide who consulted the Cattleya Consultation Center, Palembang, Indonesia.
 Results. All subjects with a tendency to commit suicide were female (100%) with a young age, ie the youngest age was 16 years and the oldest was 28 years. Women at this age are classified as young and productive age. It was found that most of the patients had avoidant personality traits (43%). In addition, the factors that triggered the emergence of tentamen suicide in some respondents were social and environmental factors (44%), namely in the form of friendship factors (peer groups), and the experience of bullying.
 Conclusion. Young women have the potential to do tentamen suicide.