Frictional Dermatitis Research Articles

Is acanthosis nigricans, periorbital/perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis a frictional dermatitis a feature of frictional dermatitis developed on Atopic dermatitis skin?

ABSTRACT Frictional dermatitis is a cutaneous change resulting from prolonged friction on the Atopic dermatitis skin. Over the last 6 months, we came across 20 atopic dermatitis patients with acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and/or cutaneous amyloidosis lesion. Treatment given for atopic dermatitis (oral steroid, tofacitinib, and cytotoxic drugs improved atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitis change (acanthosis nigricans, periorbital and/or perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis lesion). However, both atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitic change recurred within 2–4 weeks of discontinuing the therapy for atopic dermatitis. Based on the site of occurrence (body fold and possible friction on the body), and response atopic dermatitis treatment these changes were hypothesized to be possibly due to the result of 1) trauma on the atopic skin developed frictional dermatitic change due to flexion, extension, and friction. This is reported to bring awareness among the physicians that the changes like acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, cutaneous amyloidosis may the atopic dermatitis developed following friction induced by frictional dermatitis induced by itch, friction, or body fold movement (flection and extension), in atopic dermatitis patients.

Dermato-allergological risks in beauty operators.

Beauticians, hairdressers, and barbers are among the occupations with the highest rates of work-related skin diseases, especially occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) due to chronic mild trauma (frictional dermatitis), contact with soaps, detergents, and wet work is frequent in beauty operators. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), acrylates, essential oils, fragrances, colophony, and preservatives are most frequently responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in these professional categories. Young women are mainly affected, with the most affected sites being the hands. Anamnesis, patch tests with the baseline, integrative series, and use products are important to understand possible sensitization. To reduce the risk, prevention is important, and workers should be adequately trained in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Current understanding of frictional dermatoses: A review.

Human skin is continually exposed to internal and external forces, dynamic as well as static. The skin is normally flexible and can resist mechanical trauma due to friction, pressure, vibration, suction and laceration to a considerable degree. However, an excess of these forces can abnormally affect the structure and function of the skin, setting the stage for the development of a skin disorder. Repetitive trauma can cause lichenification, hyperpigmentation, erythema, scaling, fissuring, blisters, ulceration and chronic alterations. Frictional dermatoses is an under-recognised entity with no clear-cut definition and encompasses a variety of terms such as frictional dermatitis, frictional melanosis, frictional pigmentary dermatoses and certain other named entities, many of which are confusing. The authors propose to define frictional dermatoses as 'a group of disorders caused by repetitive trauma to the skin as a result of friction of varied aetiology which can have a wide range of cutaneous manifestations depending on the type of insult.' The exact prevalence of frictional dermatoses as a separate entity is unknown. Authors who conducted this review include a group of dermatologists and post graduate students from various institutions. Literature was reviewed through PubMed, Medscape, Medline, ResearchGate and Google Scholar using the terms 'frictional dermatitis,' 'friction and skin,' 'dermatoses and culture,' 'clothing dermatitis,' 'friction melanosis,' 'PPE induced dermatoses in COVID-19 era,' etc. A total of 122 articles were reviewed and 100 articles among them were shortlisted and included in the study, after removing duplications. The review was followed up with further deliberation which resulted in the formulation of a new definition and classification of frictional dermatoses taking into account the morphology, histopathological characteristics, anatomical region affected and the major predisposing factors. The rising incidence of mechanical dermatoses in the COVID-19 era was also emphasised.

Dermatosis among overweight and obese children attending a tertiary care centre - A prospective study

Obesity is a chronic disease that is increasing worldwide, both amongst adults and children. As per family health survey conducted by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2022, 38% women and 36.5% of men in Kerala are overweight or obese. It can affect almost all organs, including the skin. Obesity among children is increasing in India with an overall prevalence of 8-10% (15-20% in urban population). The cutaneous manifestations can be associated both with the age of onset and duration of obesity. However, studies showing association with class of obesity and cutaneous manifestations are lacking and hence we undertook this study, to know the association in children attending a tertiary care center. This was a prospective study carried out over a period of 6 months from May 2021 to November 2021 in our centre. A total of 133 children, aged 6–16 years with BMI >25 kg/ m2 were included in the study. After taking informed consent from the parents/attendants; demographic details, height and weight were recorded and systemic examination was done. A detailed cutaneous examination was performed, and all the findings were noted in a predesigned proforma. Relevant investigations were carried out, wherever deemed necessary. A total of 133 children (male/female 63.9%/ 36.1%) were included in the study with a mean age of 10.97 ± 2.72. The mean BMI of the patients was 28.43 ± 3 kg/ m. Majority of the patients (78.9%) were overweight; 17.3% had Class I obesity, 3% had Class II obesity and 0.8% had Class III obesity. The most common cutaneous changes observed in our patient group were acanthosis (62.4%), seborrheic dermatitis (47.4%), sebomelanosis (37.6%), frictional dermatitis (29.3%), striae distensae (24.8%), tinea cruris (24.8%), SD-seborrheic dermatitis(18.1%), plantar hyperkeratosis (10.5%) and achrochordon (3.8%). The incidence of acanthosis nigricans, striae, sebomelanosis, frictional dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, verruca, keratosis pilaris and acne were higher in children with Class II obesity while acanthosis, striae, acne, and hirsutism was more common in Class III obesity.As the prevalence of obesity is increasing among the children, the paediatricians and dermatologists should be aware of its various manifestations including the cutaneous ones to ensure their early diagnoses and treatment, which are as common as in adults, and can be a source of great physical or psychological morbidity.

Cutaneous manifestations in overweight and obese children and adolescent

Background: Obesity currently is regarded as universal disease of epidemic prevalence and known as the evil of the twentieth century. The last 3 decades we have seen an unprecedented increase in the prevalence of obesity throughout the world including India. Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risks of global deaths worldwide. However, despite all above mentioned problems, the impact of obesity on the skin has received minimal attention though it can be a window for obesity markers.Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. A total of 131 patients of age 5 to 18 years with BMI greater than 85 percentiles for age and sex and those willing to give consent for participation in the study were selected.Results: Maximum number of patients were obese with their BMI (body mass index) range falling between 95-99 percentile; according to IAP guidelines obese were 83 (63.35%), followed by overweight 27 (20.61%) and 21(16.03%) patients were severely obese. Acanthosis nigricans was the major cutaneous finding seen in 100% cases. Other common manifestations were striae distensae, acrocordons, hyperhidrosis, miliaria, frictional dermatitis and intertrigo, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and hypertrichosis.Conclusions: Obesity is associated significantly with certain dermatoses in children as well as in adults. Skin care of obese patients deserves particular attention, not only because of the high prevalence of cutaneous alteration but mainly because many of these disorders are preventable and could be treated which may improve patient’s quality of life.

A clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced facial dermatoses due to increased mask usage in general public during COVID-19 pandemic

<p><strong>Background</strong><strong>: </strong>Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic many people started experiencing facial dermatoses like acne due to prolonged mask use and other personal protective equipment’s. Though most of the facial dermatoses due to face mask are reported in healthcare workers, general public are also affected by facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use. Hence, we decided to undergo a study on different patterns of facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use in Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital, Chennai.<strong> </strong>Aim of the study was to find out the incidence of facial dermatoses due to prolonged mask use in general public in the OPD of department of DVL in MMC and RGGGH, Chennai.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross sectional study conducted at RGGGH during the months august, September and October 2020. The clinico-epidemiological details were collected from 400 patients attending the OPD of department of DVL at MMC and RGGGH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 400 study participants with mask induced facial dermatoses, acne (Maskne) was the most common facial dermatoses detected in 43% of participants, followed by Seborrhoea (28%), frictional dermatitis (18%), contact dermatitis (16%), non-specific erythema, cheilitis and other conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mask induced facial dermatoses can occur due to various factors like occlusive effect of mask, hyperhydration, seborrhoea, ambient high humidity due to sweating. As mask usage cannot be abandoned completely due to risk of virus transmission, dermatologists must be aware of the preventive strategies and treatments for mask induced facial dermatoses.</p>

Playstation Thumb: Frictional Dermatitis Caused by Excessive Video Game Playing.

Playstation Thumb: Frictional Dermatitis Caused by Excessive Video Game Playing.

Phase III Randomized Pair Comparison of a Barrier Film vs. Standard Skin Care in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Post-lumpectomy Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

IntroductionPatients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy to the breast often experience radiation dermatitis ranging from mild erythema to moist desquamation. In post-lumpectomy patients, the axilla and inframammary fold are at an increased risk for friction dermatitis. Dermatitis can impact patients’ quality-of-life and may require treatment break/cessation. Our objectives are to assess the efficacy of 3M Cavilon Barrier Film (BF) in preventing and/or delaying the onset of grade-two dermatitis and reducing patient-reported sensation scores.MethodsA total of 55 patients were randomized to receive BF on the medial or lateral breast. BF was applied twice weekly during treatment. Skin toxicity was evaluated weekly by a blinded clinical investigator using the Skin Toxicity Assessment Tool (STAT) and the modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Visual Assessment Score (RTOG VAS). On day one, baseline photographs were taken; seven-to-ten days post-treatment, patients returned for photographs, the STAT/RTOG VAS, and patient-opinion questions in the form of the global questionnaire.ResultsThe paired analysis found BF did not significantly reduce dermatitis either during or post-treatment. However, the unpaired analysis found significantly reduced RTOG VAS on the lateral compartment during treatment (BF:0.91 vs. Control:1.21, p = 0.0408). This difference resolved post-treatment. Additionally, BF was able to reduce pruritus (p = 0.047) on the medial components and burning sensations on the lateral components (p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the time-to-onset or proportion of patients who developed grade-two dermatitis.ConclusionIn an unpaired analysis, BF significantly reduced dermatitis on the lateral compartment during treatment. Additionally, BF significantly reduced pruritus and burning sensations. A larger study using a more reliable scoring method is required to clarify the effect of BF on radiation-associated skin toxicity.

Wyprysk z podrażnienia mechanicznego jako powikłanie po mikrodermabrazji korundowej

The case is described of 27-year-old woman with no previous skin problems, who decided on a series of corundum microdermabrasion treatments. The device was set at the average abrasion power (grade 12 on the arbitrary scale of the device). Approximately 10-12 hours after the first treatment, the woman noticed an intense redness and a burning sensation of the skin. The treating cosmetologist insisted that the reaction was normal and recommended that the woman should continue with the treatments, with the power reduced, however, to grade 9. After three treatments, the patient decided to discontinue the procedure because of intense erythema and increased tenderness of her skin. The skin returned to normal about four weeks later. Based on the clinical symptoms, friction dermatitis was deemed the most probable diagnosis. Corundum microdermabrasion is a beauty treatment intended to exfoliate the keratinized epidermis with the use of corundum grains. This treatment often causes discomfort to patients. According to a previous study, cosmetologists frequently encounter complications after applying this method, such as skin irritation, intense redness of skin or excessive exfoliation. However, to our knowledge, this is a first published report of friction dermatitis of the face due to corundum microdermabrasion. Users of microdermabrasion should be aware of the risk of adverse reactions such as the one describe here.

Prevalência de dermatoses em escolares na região do ABC paulista

Literature shows that prevalence of skin diseases in children and adolescents aged 7-14 years is very significant, as well as lack of treatment worsening the situation. An investigative analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in individuals 714 years and focus on whether or not they are related directly to their respective socio-economic status. 200 children and adolescents were examined aged 7-14 years,between August and November 2006,100 children in two public schools located in the periphery and 100 in two private schools located in upper middleclass neighborhood in Santo André,located in São Paulo.Investigative method used was the clinical examination of the whole skin, mucous areas and palpable ganglia,and the population sample analyzed according to the chi-square. 87.5% of children had some skin disease.46 dermatoses were found,the most important:a)melanocytic nevi (p <0.001);b)acne grade II (p = 0.004);c)pityriasis alba (p <0.001);d)livedo reticularis (p = 0.025); e)pediculosis (p <0.001);f)asteatosis (p <0.001);g) frictional dermatitis (p = 0.007).Small prevalence of skin diseases was observed in children in public schools (53.14%). This population sample indicated that 87.5% of children had skin diseases,which prevalence was much higher than those found in the literature(30-50%),showing a lightly enhanced prevalence in public schools.The study showed the neglect of parents and caregivers,indicating the need for interference from public policy,which lack certainly is responsible for high rate and can increase it.

Intertriginous eruption

Intertrigo is a superficial inflammatory skin disorder involving any area of the body where two opposing skin surfaces can touch and rub or chaff. The word “intertrigo" comes from the Latin inter (between) and terere (to rub) and reflects the rubbing together of skin against skin to create maceration and irritation, hence, friction dermatitis or chaffing. It is a common disorder that can affect any individual from infancy to old age. It is primarily caused by skin-on-skin friction and is facilitated by moisture trapped in deep skin folds where air circulation is limited. The condition is particularly common in obese patients who have diabetes and who are exposed to heat and humidity. The moist, damaged skin associated with intertrigo is a fertile breeding ground for various microorganisms, and secondary cutaneous infections are commonly observed in these areas. The present chapter does not deal with “ordinary" intertrigo, but rather with other skin diseases that have affinity to the intertriginous areas. Diseases mentioned are: acrodermatitis enteropathica, the baboon syndrome or intertriginous drug eruption, Darier disease, Hailey-Hailey, granular parakeratosis, Kawasaki syndrome, necrolytic migratory erythema, streptococcal intertrigo and others.

Mechanical Properties and Barrier Function of Healthy Human Skin

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties and the epidermal barrier function of the skin in vivo. A suction cup device commonly used for measurement of skin mechanics was used to provide a defined stress to the skin using the ventral forearm in 16 healthy volunteers. The integrity of the barrier function was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and skin capacitance. In the first part of the study, changes in barrier function were measured following the application of standardized strain to the skin barrier. In the second part of the study changes in skin mechanics were assessed following standardized barrier removal. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. Significant increases were established in trans-epidermal water loss (p < 0.01) with concomitant significant decreases in capacitance (p < 0.05) following 400 mbar and 600 mbar of suction, suggesting that the mechanical integrity of the skin barrier was disrupted. A significant increase in distensibility (p < 0.05) and hysteresis (p < 0.01) was found following stripping, relating the role of the skin barrier to the overall mechanical properties of the skin. This study showed that the water permeability of the epidermis was significantly affected by the application of mechanical stress to the skin and vice versa, the mechanical properties of the skin were altered when the barrier was compromised. These observations suggest that the mechanical strength of the skin barrier may play a role in the development of, for example, friction dermatitis and other skin diseases affected by mechanical stress.

Physical friction is under-recognized as an irritant that can cause or contribute to contact dermatitis

The role of physical friction as an irritant in the causation of contact dermatitis is under-recognized. Frictional dermatitis is defined as an eczematous process in which physical frictional trauma contributes to the induction of a dermatitis process. To examine the clinical background of patients in whom friction was contributing to dermatitis. Over a 30-month period during which 2700 new patients were seen, frictional irritancy was identified as playing a role in the dermatosis in 31 cases: in 27 of these, case notes were evaluated for a range of parameters. Physical friction was identified as causing or contributing to the dermatitis in 18 men and nine women, mean age at onset 42 years. The hands, usually the fingers of the dominant hand, were affected in all but two cases. Occupational frictional activities were found in 25 cases: commonly handling small metal components, paper, cardboard or fabric, and driving. Potential frictional activities in hobbies were noted in 12 cases. Wet work irritancy contributed in four cases (15%). Patch testing showed relevant contact allergies as cofactors in seven of 25 subjects tested (26%). Psoriasis was a cofactor in four (15%), and atopic dermatitis in 11. The study was selective, being based in a teaching hospital clinic with a special interest in contact dermatitis. Frictional irritancy is often one of several factors contributing to dermatitis. The contribution of friction to contact dermatitis is under-recognized probably because dermatologists do not think about the potential for physical forces to induce eczematous changes in the skin.

Occupational issues of irritant contact dermatitis.

Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), a non-immunological cutaneous inflammatory response to a workplace substance, comprises a major portion of occupational dermatoses in industrialized societies, resulting in considerable social and economic implications. The sheer morphological variety of ICD presents a diagnostic and classification challenge; ideotypes identified to date include acute, chronic and cumulative irritant dermatitis, delayed acute irritant dermatitis, irritant reaction, pustular irritant dermatitis, suberythematous irritation, sensory irritation, friction dermatitis and airborne dermatitis. Hand dermatitis is the most frequent manifestation of occupational ICD. This article reviews the various types of ICD, the epidemiological data available to date, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of ICD, emphasizing occupational issues.

Occupational Skin Disease in Workers From the Electronics Industry in Singapore

Of 149 workers from the electronics industry with occupational dermatoses seen at the Joint Occupational Dermatoses Clinic at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, 51.0% (76) were diagnosed to have irritant contact dermatitis, 40.9% (61) had allergic contact dermatitis, and 8.1% (12) had noncontact dermatitis. More than half of the patients were younger than 30 years of age. Common irritants were soldering flux, oils and coolants, solvents, and acids/alkalis. The most common allergens were nickel and resins, followed by rubber chemicals and the constituents of flux. Of the noncontact dermatitis, 8 were caused by occupationally relevent exacerbation of endogenous eczema, whereas there was one case each of miliaria, frictional dermatitis, and fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by trichloroethylene allergy.

Occupational skin disease in workers from the electronics industry in Singapore

Of 149 workers from the electronics industry with occupational dermatoses seen at the Joint Occupational Dermatoses Clinic at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, 51.0% (76) were diagnosed to have irritant contact dermatitis, 40.9% (61) had allergic contact dermatitis, and 8.1% (12) had noncontact dermatitis. More than half of the patients were younger than 30 years of age. Common irritants were soldering flux, oils and coolants, solvents, and acids/alkalis. The most common allergens were nickel and resins, followed by rubber chemicals and the constituents of flux. Of the noncontact dermatitis, 8 were caused by occupationally relevent exacerbation of endogenous eczema, whereas there was one case each of miliaria, frictional dermatitis, and fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by trichloroethylene allergy.

Pigmentary Problems in the Tropics

Pigmentary problems are one of the most frequent causes of dermatologic consultation in the tropics. This article deals with diseases seen mostly in tropical countries (ashy dermatosis, lichen planus pigmentosus, frictional dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, and pinta) and in which a combination of racial, ecologic, nutritional, and social factors all contribute. Other common dermatoses seen worldwide, such as vitiligo and melasma, sometimes acquire dramatic expressions in tropical countries, and their management is usually difficult even for the most experienced dermatologists.

Lichenoid papular eruption in a child. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis of childhood (FLDC)

Lichenoid papular eruption in a child. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis of childhood (FLDC)

Occupational Allergic Contact and Frictional Dermatitis Leading to Plaques of Psoriasis: A Challenge in Diagnosis

Occupational Allergic Contact and Frictional Dermatitis Leading to Plaques of Psoriasis: A Challenge in Diagnosis

Occupational Allergic Contact and Frictional Dermatitis Leading to Plaques of Psoriasis: A Challenge in Diagnosis

Occupational Allergic Contact and Frictional Dermatitis Leading to Plaques of Psoriasis: A Challenge in Diagnosis