Fresh Condition Research Articles

Microbial Quality of Kupang Paste Products from Different Producers

General Background the utilization of local ingredients, such as kupang, is integral to the culinary practices in Balongdowo Village, Sidoarjo Regency. Specific Background shrimp paste, a prominent product derived from kupang, is valued in the market, yet its quality raises concerns among consumers and producers. Knowledge Gap despite its economic significance, limited research has been conducted on the microbiological quality of kupang-based products, particularly during storage. Aims this study aims to evaluate the microbiological analysis of two kupang petis products from different producers in Balongdowo Village during ambient temperature storage. Results employing descriptive analysis across five storage treatments (P0: fresh, P1: 1 week, P2: 2 weeks, P3: 3 weeks, P4: 4 weeks), findings indicated that total plate count (TPC) in P0 treatment met national quality standards (SNI 2718.1: 2013), while yeast mold levels exceeded permissible limits. Notably, the TPC of sample B (1.6 x 10³) was lower than that of sample A (2.2 x 10³) in the fresh condition (P0). Novelty this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the microbiological quality of kupang petis, filling a significant gap in the literature. Implications the results underscore the necessity for rigorous quality control measures in the production and storage of shrimp paste to ensure consumer safety and compliance with health standards. Highlights: Microbiological quality assessment of kupang petis during storage. TPC values in fresh condition meet national standards. Yeast mold levels exceed permissible limits in stored samples. Keywords: Kupang, Shrimp Paste, Microbiological Analysis, Quality Standards, Storage

Effect of hot red pepper supplementation and different storage time on hens egg quality

Introduction. Eggs are a food source of protein that easily deteriorates during storage. Supplementation of hot red chilli pepper powder rich in bioactive compounds in diets for laying hens can improve egg quality and prevent egg deterioration during storage. Objective. To determine the effect of hot red pepper powder supplementation and different storage times on the physical egg quality of laying hens. Materials and methods. This study was conducted from January to March 2024 at the Research Barn of PT. Agromix Lestari Group, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Eighty 56-week-old Novogen laying hens (1681 ± 64 g) were assigned into four dietary treatments (4 replications, 5 hens per replication): basal diet as control (P0); basal diet + 0.25 % hot red pepper powder (P1); basal diet + 0.5 % hot red pepper powder (P2); and basal diet + 0.75 % hot red pepperpowder (P3). At the end of week 6, one egg per replicate group was collected and analyzed for physical quality in three storage treatments: fresh condition (S0), one week storage (S1), and two weeks storage (S3). Egg quality data were analyzed with a factorial experimental design (4 x 3) using SPSS 26 software. Results. Supplementation of 0.5 % hot red pepper powder significantly increased egg weight. Hot red pepper addition and treatment duration significantly affected egg yolk colour. The hot red pepper treatment group showed significantly lower pH of albumen and yolk. Conclusions. The supplementation of hot red pepper powder in laying hens diets has been shown to improve the egg yolk color. The inclusion of 0.5 % in the ration was able to keep the pH of yolk and albumen low.

Comparative Evaluation of the Proximate Composition and Amino Acid Profile in Fresh and Traditionally Sun-dried Fish Species, Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) and Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)

Fish is one of the most widely consumed sources of animal protein in the world. However, they are subjected to countless post-harvest changes, so technologies such as sun-drying are employed to preserve fish for a longer time. Currently, sun-dried fish also have a major place in terms of nutrients alongside fresh fish. The present study has been conducted to determine the proximate composition and amino acid content of fish species namely, Puntius sophore (Puthi), and Amblypharyngodon mola (Moa) in fresh and sun-dried conditions to enunciate the nutritional benefits of consuming sun-dried fishes together with fresh fishes. During the study period, fresh fish samples collected were divided into two batches. In one batch all the analyses were carried out under fresh conditions. In the corresponding batch, all the tests were carried out in sun-dried conditions. Proximate composition and amino acid analysis were carried out as per the guidelines of AOAC (2015). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and carbohydrate content of the fresh and sun-dried P. sophore and A. mola revealed significantly higher moisture content in the fresh fish samples than in the sun-dried samples. Significantly higher crude protein, crude fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were obtained in the sun-dried samples compared to the samples in fresh condition. The Essential Amino Acid (EAA) predominant in fresh and sun-dried samples of both the species were found to be Lysine and Histidine respectively. The predominant Non-essential Amino Acid (NEAA) in fresh and sun-dried samples of both species was Glutamic acid. The analysis of nutritional parameters reveals that sun-dried fish can provide comparable nutrition to fresh fish. This study is therefore designed to promote the consumption of sun-dried fish among a broader segment of society, highlighting its dietary significance.

Effect of Poor Post-Slaughter Handling on Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Fresh Broiler in Bangladesh

The slaughtering method and post-handling play an important role in meat processing. Countries followed different slaughtering methods, post-handling, and preservation techniques for post-slaughtered meat. Stress-oriented slaughtering, unhygienic handling, processing, and improper preservation are triggering factors of rapid oxidation and microbial proliferation in meat during storage. Bangladesh is a Muslim-oriented country but many vendors do not follow the halal slaughtering, and handling of meat in an unhygienic way due to a lack of food safety knowledge. Thus, the study aims to assess the effect of poor post-slaughtering handling practices on the physiochemical properties which include moisture, ash, protein content, fat content, drip loss, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH, fat oxidation, color, heme iron, mineral content, and microbial qualities of fresh samples by total plate count during 0 days, 15 days and 30 days frozen storage at -18ºC. The live broiler was purchased randomly and slaughtered instantly from different slaughter shops in Jashore City, Bangladesh. The laboratory analysis was performed following the standard method of meat sample analysis. The outcome of this study revealed that heme iron content, minerals like Ca, Fe, Zn, and lightness values decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during 30 days of storage at -18 ºC. Post-handling had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on protein and ash content at 0 and 15 days of storage but slowly decreased with increasing storage time. The continuous increase in pH, cooking loss, and TBARS value indicate rises in lipid oxidation noticed in all samples, especially during 16-30 days of frozen storage (p < 0.05). The total viable count significantly raised (p < 0.05) and reached the highest value of 7.27 log10 CFU/g and 7.44 log10 CFU/g respectively after 15 days and 30 days of frozen storage compared to fresh condition. Bacteriologically meat samples were of very poor quality during storage compared to fresh ones.

Human exploitation of a straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon) in Middle Pleistocene deposits at Pampore, Kashmir, India

Stone tools in association with Pleistocene elephant remains were recovered from Pampore, Kashmir, India, in 2000 from channel deposits in the Pampore Member of the Upper Karewa Group of sediments, which are interpreted as Middle Pleistocene in age. In March 2019 the elephant remains were re-examined to establish taxonomy, cause of death and evidence of human intervention, alongside study of the stone tools and age of the site. This paper reports the results of this work. Most of the elephant remains, including skull and tusks, are from a large adult, but at least two other elephants are also represented. Taxonomic analysis shows that the adult belongs to the genus Palaeoloxodon, but with a mix of features not seen in typical Palaeoloxodon skulls from the Indian Subcontinent. Pathology of the skull indicates severe sinusitis, which may have contributed to the death. No cut-marks from butchery were found on the elephant bones, although three elephant bone flakes were identified, linking human intervention with elephants at the site. The small lithic assemblage is in fresh condition with some refitting artefacts, both suggesting minimal post-depositional movement. Most of the artefacts consist of flakes, flake tools and cores, but with several points and blades suggestive of an early Mode 3 prepared core technology. This might indicate a late Middle Pleistocene age for the site. Further dating evidence using amino acid racemisation on elephant tooth enamel is ongoing, but consistent with this age. The association of stone tools with humanly-modified elephant remains is rare, while prepared core technology is currently scarce further north or east in Asia in the late Middle Pleistocene. The significance of the discovery is discussed in the wider context of Middle Pleistocene elephant-human interaction.

Influence of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Steel Fiber on the Workability and Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete

Abstract Waste materials pose a significant threat to both the environment and human health. On a global scale, the quantity of recyclable material is steadily growing, and its proper disposal is a significant focus of modern study. Concrete debris is a recyclable material that poses challenges for reutilization. Concrete waste refers to the fragments or remains of ready-mix concrete plants and the debris from destroyed structures, including historic buildings and those affected by earthquakes. The objective of this study is to reuse and utilize coarse aggregate formerly used in concrete constructions to create self-compacting concrete (SCC). The purpose is to assess the performance of this recycled aggregate in both its fresh and hardened states. Natural coarse aggregate (NCA) was switched out for recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) at 0, 50, and 100% volume ratios. In contrast, concrete was mixed with steel fibers (SF) at volume percentages of 0 and 0.44. Workability tests, including V-funnel, slump flow, and L-box tests, were conducted to assess the consistency of the mixes in their fresh condition. Additionally, the tensile and compressive strength of the concrete specimens were measured to evaluate their strength in the hardened state. Overall, the experimental findings showed that the fresh qualities of almost all SCC mixes fell within the required range, as outlined in the EFNARC standards. While the steel fiber harmed the fresh characteristics, it resulted in a proportionate enhancement in tensile strength. The findings indicated that including recycled aggregates into the concrete mixture enhanced its strength. The results showed that adding (0.44%) of steel fibers to concrete reduced the decline in compressive strength when the coarse aggregate was replaced entirely with recycled aggregate. In contrast, an equivalent proportion of fibers resulted in a significant improvement in tensile strength, rising from 26% to 54%, when using recycled coarse aggregate as the replacement of natural coarse aggregate. Thus, it can be concluded that using recycled aggregates and steel fibers in concrete production results in a higher quality product than regular concrete. Removing concrete waste has other benefits, such as enhanced financial return and preservation of the environment.

New record of Engyprosopon macrolepis (Regan, 1908) from Taiwan (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae)

Specimens of the largescale dwarf flounder, Engyprosopon macrolepis (Regan, 1908) (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae), were collected from the fishery landing of Chi-kan, Peng-hu Islands, western Taiwan. Although this species has been recorded from western Pacific Ocean including the Philippines and Japan, it has never been recorded from Taiwanese waters. Therefore, our specimens represent the first record for Taiwanese waters and fill a gap in the distribution of this species between the two countries. A detailed description of the specimens, including coloration of the fresh condition is provided and compared to the data of specimens collected in other regions. With the addition of E. macrolepis, a total of 11 species of Engyprosopon are recorded from Taiwanese waters, and we suggest that more species are expected to occur off Taiwan.

Enzymatic hydrolyzation of Cordyceps militaris mushroom extracts and its effect on spent hen chicken.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fresh and dried hydrolyzed Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom with proteolytic enzymes; bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of bromelain: flavorzyme (CMBF) on quality properties of spent hen chicken. Mushroom extract (CME) were combined with three proteolytic enzyme mixtures that had different peptidase activities; stem bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of stem bromelain:flavorzyme (CMBF) at (1:1). The effect of these hydrolysates was investigated on spent hen breast meat via dipping marination. Hydrolyzation positively alters functional properties of CM protease. in which bromelain hydrolyzed group (CMB) displayed the highest proteolytic activity at 4.57 unit/mL. The antioxidant activity had a significant increment from 5.32% in CME to 61.79% in CMB. A significantly higher emulsion stability index and emulsification activity index compared to CME were another result from hydrolyzation (p<0.05). Texture properties along with the shear force value and myofibrillar fragmentation index were notably improved under CMB and CMBF in fresh condition. Marination with CM mushroom protease that was previously hydrolyzed with enzymes was proven to also increase the nucleotide compounds, indicated by higher adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) in hydrolysate groups (p<0.05). The concentration of both total and insoluble collagen remained unchanged, meaning less effect from CM protease. This study suggested the hydrolyzation of CM protease with bromelain or a mixture of bromelain:flavourzyme to significantly improve functional properties of protease and escalate the taste-related nucleotide compounds and texture profiles from spent hen breast meat.

Perishable food supply chain contract with asymmetric freshness information

Food suppliers and retailers are grappling with challenging pricing and operational policies due to the deterioration of product quality over time. This problem is exacerbated by the food supplier’s intentions to provide false information about the freshness of the food. A principal-agent model optimisation for food retailer pricing is constructed to anticipate asymmetric freshness information from the food supplier. This study introduces novel modelling by incorporating a quality deterioration function with information asymmetry in case the food supplier attempts to conceal information about the freshness of the food. Retailers should charge non-discriminatory and low wholesale prices to encourage food suppliers to report their less fresh food. Overall, the supplier’s benefits are decreased when they decide not to share information regarding food freshness. However, the supplier remains profitable when the retailer believes in the less fresh food condition based on the contract design.

Substrate utilization and durability during prolonged intermittent exercise in elite road cyclists

PurposeThis study investigated the effects of prolonged intermittent cycling exercise on peak power output (PPO) and 6-min time-trial (6 min-TT) performance in elite and professional road cyclists. Moreover, the study aimed to determine whether changes in performance in the fatigued state could be predicted from substrate utilization during exercise and laboratory measures obtained in a fresh state.MethodsTwelve cyclists (age: 23 years [21;25]; body mass: 71.5 kg [66.7;76.8]; height: 181 cm [178;185]; V˙\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{V}$$\\end{document}O2peak: 73.6 ml kg−1 min−1 [71.2;76.0]) completed a graded submaximal cycling test to determine lactate threshold (LT1), gross efficiency (GE), and maximal fat oxidation (MFO) as well as power output during a maximal 6 min-TT (MPO6 min) in a fresh condition. On a separate day, the cyclists completed a 4-h intermittent cycling protocol with a high CHO intake (100 g h−1). Substrate utilization and PPO was measured hourly during the protocol, which was followed by another 6 min-TT.ResultsMPO6 min and PPO was reduced by 10% [4;15] and 6% [0;6], respectively, after the cycling protocol. These reductions were accompanied by reductions in the anaerobic energy contribution and V˙\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{V}$$\\end{document}O2peak, whereas the average V˙\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{V}$$\\end{document}O2 during the 6 min-TT was unchanged. Correlation analyses showed no strong associations between reductions in MPO6 min and PPO and laboratory measures (i.e., LT1, GE, MFO, V˙\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{V}$$\\end{document}O2peak) obtained in the fresh condition. Additionally, fat oxidation rates during the cycling protocol were not related to changes in neither PPO nor MPO6 min.ConclusionPPO and MPO6 min were reduced following prolonged intermittent cycling, but the magnitude of these reductions could not be predicted from laboratory measures obtained in the fresh condition.

Fabrication of freshness indicators based on methylcellulose-containing color indicator solutions for monitoring the quality of coconut water

This is the first study to apply intelligent packaging to coconut water. The purpose of this study was to determine the best color indicator solution for making freshness indicator labels based on methylcellulose along with the color change profile of coconut water during storage at room temperature. Three color indicator solutions were used, namely phenol red, bromothymol blue, and methyl red, which were then continued with the fabrication of freshness indicator labels based on methylcellulose from each of these color indicator solutions and applied to coconut water at 25 °C room temperature storage for 24 h with observations every 4 h in the form of pH, total dissolved solids, total acid, turbidity, total microbes, CO2 gas, O2 gas, and freshness indicator label color changes. The values of pH, total soluble solids, and O2 gas decreased with storage time, whereas the values of total acid, turbidity, total microbes, and CO2 gas continued to increase. The methylcellulose-based phenol red freshness indicator label provides the best color change profile that matches the freshness condition of coconut water, namely purplish red (fresh), orange (immediately consumed), and yellow (damaged) so that it can be used as intelligent packaging to monitor the quality of coconut water.

An analysis of plant palatability on pastures of the delta: Case study, Danube Delta area, Romania

The palatability of a plant refers to the degree of attraction or preference that animals show toward that particular plant. Various factors can influence palatability, including the plant’s chemical composition, texture, taste, aromas, and the circumstances under which herbivorous animals consume it. The study aims to assess the plant species composition in grasslands and pastures within the Danube Delta, Romania. Both old or new references on palatability were considered. The evaluation of plant composition and degree of plant palatability was carried out in 12 grazing areas in the Danube Delta and the surrounding region. The study revealed 121 plant species identified in some pastures. Of these, 31 were “Non-Palatable”, 16 were “Highly Palatable”, 32 were “Mostly Palatable”, 16 were “Less Palatable”, and 26 were “Rarely Palatable”. Animals preferred 60 plant species in their fresh condition, with 29 preferred in fresh and dry. Most animals consumed whole plants (48 species), followed by leaves (43 species), fruits (three species), and inflorescences (two species). By analysing the feeding preferences of animals, it was found that cows exhibited a preference for the broadest range of plants (75 species), followed by sheep (67 species), goats (59 species), and horses (34 species). Domestic animals like goats, sheep, cows, and horses may prefer certain plants based on nutritional content or digestibility while avoiding toxic plants. The study showed that the investigated areas have a diverse flora with a varied supply of plants, including palatable species. The palatability index is essential in assessing the quality of pastures, especially in obtaining average daily gains based on the species of animals living on the pastures. Considering the dynamic climatic conditions and poor pasture quality in the Danube Delta, more detailed and interdisciplinary studies are needed to understand the deltaic biocenoses comprehensively.

Intrasession Caffeine Intake and Cycling Performance After Accumulated Work: A Field-Based Study.

Preexercise caffeine intake has proven to exert ergogenic effects on cycling performance. However, whether these benefits are also observed under fatigue conditions remains largely unexplored. We aimed to assess the effect of caffeine ingested during prolonged cycling on subsequent time-trial performance in trained cyclists. The study followed a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Eleven well-trained junior cyclists (17 ± 1years) performed a field-based 8-min time trial under "fresh" conditions (i.e.,after their usual warm-up) or after two work-matched steady-state cycling sessions (total energy expenditure∼20kJ/kg and ∼100min duration). During the latter sessions, participants consumed caffeine (3mg/kg) or a placebo ∼60min before the time trial. We assessed power output, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during the time trial and mood state (Brunel Mood Scale) before and after each session. No significant condition effect was found for the mean power output attained during the time trial (365 ± 25, 369 ± 31, and 364 32W for "fresh," caffeine, and placebo condition, respectively; p = .669). Similar results were found for the mean heart rate (p = .100) and rating of perceived exertion (p = 1.000) during the time trial and for the different mood domains (all p > .1). Caffeine intake during prolonged exercise seems to exert no ergogenic effects on subsequent time-trial performance in junior cyclists. Future studies should determine whether significant effects can be found with larger caffeine doses or after greater fatigue levels.

Arcyria and allied genera: taxonomic backbone and character evolution

Arcyria, one of the most diverse genera of bright-spored myxomycetes, has recently been identified as polyphyletic within the paraphyletic family Arcyriaceae sensu lato. However, due to the high variability and inconsistency of morphological traits in Trichiales, no taxonomic decision has yet been proposed to rectify this situation. A thorough revision of the genus is necessary. To address this, we present results of the extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling of the genus by incorporating sequences of two marker genes from 192 specimens of Arcyria spp. from 19 countries and six continents into the existing three gene phylogenetic backbone of Trichiales. Our phylogenies decisively confirm the polyphyletic nature of Arcyria, with a considerable part of the genus forming a sister clade to Hemitrichia. Consequently, we erect here the new family Hemitrichiaceae and resurrect the genus Heterotrichia to accommodate the second major branch of former Arcyria species. Additionally, we describe the new genus Spiromyxa with intermediate phylogenetic position and unique combination of morphological traits. Furthermore, we show that most of the Arcyria morphospecies included into this study are either species complexes or para- or polyphyletic taxa. Traits, previously thought to delimit the genus Arcyria, show little consistency with the phylogeny. In particular, the expanding, net-like capillitium, attached to the cup or stalk, appears to have been present in the ancestor of three families of Trichiales, afterwards mostly persisted in two of them and evolved into something else in the third. Such traits as ornamentation of capillitium, cup and spores retain their taxonomic value primarily at the species level. However, the colour of the spore mass in fresh condition partially aligns with our phylogenetic results: most of the yellow “Arcyria” species cluster within Heterotrichia, while red and grey species sort mostly into separate subclades within the clade incorporating the remaining species of the genus Arcyria.

A novel nonzero functional method to extended dissipativity analysis for neural networks with Markovian jumps

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper explored the topic of extended dissipativity analysis for Markovian jump neural networks (MJNNs) that were influenced by time-varying delays. A distinctive Lyapunov functional, distinguished by a non-zero delay-product types, was presented. This was achieved by combining a Wirtinger-based double integral inequality with a flexible matrix set. This novel methodology addressed the limitations of the slack matrices found in earlier research. As a result, a fresh condition for extended dissipativity in MJNNs was formulated, utilizing an exponential type reciprocally convex inequality in conjunction with the newly introduced nonzero delay-product types. A numerical example was included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Flowability and Cracks Patterns of Lightweight Concrete Subjected to Compression and Tension Loading

AbstractConcrete is one of the most widely used buildings materials in construction. One of the concrete types used is foam concrete which is produced by adding liquid foam (a foam agent) to water in the concrete design mix. The purpose of the foam agent is to stabilize air bubbles during the concrete hardening process. This study aims to analyse the flowability and crack patterns of lightweight concrete subjected to compressive and tensile loadings. A lightweight concrete specimen was made using foam, fine aggregate, and Portland Composite Cement. Foam agent and water are combined in a 3:10 ratio to produce lightweight concrete. There were three different foam volume variations namely 15.7 litres, 25.12 litres, and 37.68 litres. The specimens were prepared using cylinders with dimensions of 10 cm by 20 cm. Flowability testing was carried out when lightweight concrete is still in fresh condition. Cracks in foam concrete were examined after compressive and tensile strength tests were performed at 3, 7, and 28 days of age. The research results show that the fresh lightweight concrete mixture from each mixture is sticky, which could prevent the segregation or bleeding. The crack patterns for the compressive and indirect tensile strength tests were essentially identical; namely parallel to the load direction at the age of 3, 7, and 28 days. The cracks were categorized as columnar crack patterns. It could also be noted that the concrete became more resistant as it ages, as the number of cracks decreased.

Characteristics study of concrete strength using periwinkle seashell as cement partial replacement

Due to global population growth and improving economic conditions, infrastructure development in the form of residential homes and commercial structures is increasing yearly. The rising real estate market draws middle-class buyers to upscale apartments and opulent homes at steep discounts. On the other hand the availability of traditional construction materials are reducing. As a result, the idea of partial replacement is a good substitute. The current effort attempts to substitute periwinkle shells gathered from Chennai, the coastal metropolis, for traditional coarse aggregate. Through the compaction factor, slump cone, and flow tests in the fresh condition and the 14-day and 28-day compression tests, flexure tests, and split tension tests in the hardened state, an effort is made to assess the workability and strength of the partially replaced concrete in the laboratory. In addition to the aforementioned, tests are done on the periwinkle shell's influence value, breaking down value, specific gravity, absorption of water, and particle size distribution in order to evaluate the properties with those of conventional coarse aggregate in order to confirm the effectiveness of the former. A notional percentage is deduced through comparison analysis after partial replacement of periwinkle shells with gravel in various percentages of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% is carried out. This study reveals an understanding of the characteristics of building materials mixed with periwinkle shells and helps todetermine the ideal combined mixture percentage which can be recommended as an appropriate replacement construction material in the construction of elegant villas and luxury apartments.

Assessment of different aonla (Emblica officinalis L.) fruits for their nutritional composition and biodiversity

Aonla (Emblica officinalis L.) is a nutritive fruit crop indigenous to Indian sub-continent, which can be grown successfully in dry and neglected regions. The farmers are trying different varieties for growing as a commercial orchard without having knowledge about the performance of these varieties. The observations were recorded for physico-chemical characters of dropped aonla fruits in fresh condition. The experiment on varietal evaluation of the physic-chemical characteristics of various cultivars of aonla viz., NA-4, NA-5, NA-6, NA-7, NA-10, Laxmi and Chakaiya were taken up under the Gird regions of Madhya Pradesh at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21. Maximum fruit length (3.91cm) was recorded with the variety NA-10 followed by NA-4 and NA-7. These varieties have also higher productivity and fruits are free from necrosis or internal browning, hence, they are considered to be ideal varieties for biodiversity and their nutritive composition with advancement in the processing industry. Keywords : Aonla, physico-chemical, Gird regions, evaluation, biodiversity, nutritional processing.

Can live and dead broiler meat be identified through sensory and physicochemical attributes?

The study was conducted to identify live and dead broiler meat through sensory and physicochemical attributes at 0 h and 24 h intervals. For this purpose, 15 live and 15 dead broilers were collected from the local market. After deboning, each live and dead bird’s breast, thigh, and liver were collected. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was used for data analyses. Samples were preserved at 40C for 24 hrs. Different types of analysis, such as sensory (color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, overall acceptability), physicochemical properties (pH, cooking loss, drip loss, water holding capacity), and instrumental color value L*, a*, b* were determined. In the case of breasts, sensory attributes like color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability mean value decreased (3.80 to 1.70) significantly (p&lt;0.05) between live and dead birds and the mean value also decreased (3.50 to 2.00) significantly (p&lt;0.05) at 0 h and 24 h. On the other hand, the physicochemical attributes and instrumental color values like water holding capacity, L*, a*, SI and Chroma mean value decreased significantly (p&lt; 0.05) between live and dead birds, and the mean value of pH, drip loss, water holding capacity, and chroma also decreased significantly (p&lt; 0.05) at 0h and 24h. In the case of the thigh, sensory attributes like color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability mean value decreased (4.90 to 1.70) significantly (p&lt;0.05) between the two treatment levels, and there is no significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in term of mean value at 0h and 24h of intervals. On the other hand, the physicochemical attributes like pH, water holding capacity, L*, a*, b*, SI, and chroma mean value decreased significantly (p&lt; 0.05) between the two treatment levels, and the mean value of water holding capacity, a*, b*, SI, chroma also decreased significantly (p&lt; 0.05) at 0 h and 24 h. In the case of the liver, sensory attributes like color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability mean value decreased (4.90 to 1.00) significantly (p&lt;0.05) between the two treatment levels, and the mean value of color, tenderness, juiciness, overall acceptability also decreased (3.40 to 2.80) significantly (p&lt;0.05) at 0h and 24h. On the other hand, the physicochemical attributes like pH, cooking loss, L*, b*, SI, and chroma mean value decreased significantly (p&lt; 0.05) between the two treatment levels, and the mean value of cooking loss, drip loss, water holding capacity, a*, SI, chroma also decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) at 0h and 24h. On the basis of the sensory and physicochemical attributes, live broiler breast, thigh, and liver in fresh condition showed better quality. For differentiation, color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, water holding capacity, L*, a*, b*, SI, and chroma value can be used as an identification marker between live and dead broiler meat, which is an ethical as well as religious issue.

Effect of nanofilled self-adhesive protective coating on color changes and surface roughness of composite resin

Background: Discoloration of composite restorations may affecting aesthetic appearance. The aging-process and surface roughness may influence color changes. A nanofilled self-adhesive protecting coating has been developed for coating tooth restoration and expected to prolong the longevity of restoration. To evaluate the effect of nanofilled self-adhesive protective coating on the surface roughness and color-changes of flowable and packable composite after aging condition. &#x0D; Methods: The total of 40 discs (15x2mm) and 60 boxes (20×10× 2mm) specimens from flowable and packable composite were used. A half of the specimens was coated by using protective-coating. The reflectance chromameter was used to measure the color baseline. Afterward, the specimens were subjected into aging process by immersing in artificial saliva and carbonated drink (37oC,7d). The color changes were calculated based on the [CIE L*a*b*].For surface roughness, box-shaped specimens were measured in fresh condition, after aging conditions. &#x0D; Results: The color change ranged from 0.49 to 2.31. Applying protective-coating was associated with a significant decrease in the color-changes and surface roughness after aging. The changes of three color coordinates resulted in significant differences for both composite, with and without protective coating application.&#x0D; Conclusion: The application of protective-coating decrease the color-changes and surface roughness of flowable and packable composite-resin.