Frequent Category Research Articles

Correlation Between History of Infectious Disease with Stunting in Toddler

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by a long period of malnutrition. Prolonged malnutrition can decrease body resistance, making it susceptible to disease. This study aims to analyze the correlation of the history of infectious disease with stunting cases in toddlers at the Working Area of Sumberjambe Health Center. The research design used a correlation design with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample of this research was 376 toddlers. For the sampling technique, we used stratified random sampling. The research was conducted in May 2021 using questionnaire instruments. Analyze the data using the Spearman Rho test with an α = 0.05. Result: Based on data analysis obtained from 376 respondents, 274 respondents (72.9%) experienced a history of diseases with frequent categories, and 102 respondents (27.1%) experienced a history of diseases with infrequency categories. This study concludes with a correlation between historical infectious diseases and stunting. Based on the results regarding health promotion, the prevention of recurrent or sustainable pain in toddlers needs to be improved to overcome the problem of stunting. Moreover, giving health promotion advice for mothers to provide exclusive breast milk and nutritious food and maintain food hygiene and shelter for children are essential to avoid stunting.

Tingkat Penggunaan Gadget (Smartphone) dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa

The development of the era is also followed by technological developments in terms of communication, this can be seen by the increasing sophistication of smartphones, causing students to be more interested in these sophisticated objects than having to study to achieve learning achievements at school. The purpose of this study is to see the level of use of smartphone gadgets and student achievement. Haomasan and Nofharina (2018) mean that teenagers' use of smartphone gadgets varies, some are due to the sophistication of their features, being able to access the internet quickly, easily accessing social media, as a means of entertainment, and helping to complete school assignments. This research uses quantitative research. The results of this conclusion indicate that the use of smartphone gadgets is placed in the frequent category with the sum of the average or mean values ​​(M) = 3.97. and the results of student achievement in science subjects are in the very good category. The advice from this study is to maintain the level of student achievement, but don't forget to control the time when using smartphone gadgets because it will hurt student achievement if you use smartphone gadgets too often.

The Diversity of Slavic Surnames in the Odesa Region in the 19th Century

Proper names have always played a significant role in the history of language and culture of any nation. Besides, research on personal names in different epochs and in local regions are important both for history and onomastics. Surnames could reflect the history of a nation almost in every country because they are passed on from one generation to the next. Surnames are particularly interesting for studying traditions and they are strictly connected to the social and historical background in the analyzed region. The study of surnames can also be of benefit to other areas of onomastics such as toponomastics and socio-onomastics.Although the topic of surnames has been exploited in many countries and languages for a long period, there are still some new aspects that can be presented on this topic. This research examines the surnames in the mass media in the Odesa Region. Historically, the Odesa region was multicultural that is why we came across with both Slavic and non-Slavic surnames but the object of this investigation is Slavic surnames. The analyzed mass-media texts are drawn from the 19th-century newspapers Odessa Vestnik and Odessa Advertisement Sheet. About 2,000 surnames were taken for the analysis from announcements and advertisements in these newspapers. The study of the surnames has concentrated on the names of all levels of the society. The purpose of the paper is to make the typology of the surnames and present the quantity of surnames in each group. Some historical events that impact the name-giving process are mentioned and social factors which influence the name-giving process are described.The study has revealed that 19th-century surnames were created from anthroponyms, toponyms, ethnonyms, and appellatives. The last group contains occupational surnames, surnames with the semantics of fauna and flora as well as surnames derived from other concrete or abstract nouns. An additional complicating factor was that it was not always easy to interpret and identify the origin of some surnames. The results of this paper indicated that analyzed surnames from the 19th century in this region are part of culture. The surnames derived from appellatives represent a significant part of the studied surnames (56%), among them there are occupational surnames (13%); surnames with the semantics of flora and fauna (23%) as well as surnames having other concrete or abstract meanings (20%). Personal names make up 29%, toponyms are of 11%, and the least frequent category is surnames derived from ethnonyms (4%).From the perspective of further research, it would be interesting to compare the received results with the typology of the modern surnames in the same region.

Action Plan for BK Services in Pre-School Based on Parenting in Kindergarten Raudhatul Iman Padang

This research is motivated by the parenting style of parents that is wrong and is not applied to children as it should be in accordance with the child's development. This study aims to describe: 1) describe parenting styles. 2) Designing a guidance and counseling service program in pre-schools based on parenting styles. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study were all parents of students, totaling 33 people from 2 classes, namely class A and class B. While the sampling technique was carried out using saturated sampling technique or the entire sample was 33 people. research data obtained through questionnaires and processed using percentage techniques. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Parenting as a whole is in the fairly frequent category, 2) The design of the guidance and counseling service program in pre-school based on parenting style will be carried out with 2 types services, namely basic services and responsive services. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended for counseling teachers or supervising teachers to be able to provide services to apply the right parenting style to children. For future researchers, it is recommended to use this research as a reference for implementing the programs created through this research

Port Workers' Use of Medical Services in a Maritime Container Terminal in Costa Rica.

Supervised by three or four medical doctors and one nurse in rotating shifts, the medical clinic in Costa Rica's Moín Container Terminal is open 24/7 for visits from port workers. In our study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a consecutive series of patients who attended the medical clinic for outpatient services during an 8-month period. Our descriptive study involved collecting patient records from the medical clinic during the first 8 months of 2021 (i.e., 1 January-31 August 2021), during which 3050 visits from 1301 port workers were registered. Terminal tractor drivers, crane operators, and stevedores were the most frequent job categories among the patients. Doping (i.e., ICD-10 Z03.6) was observed in 64% of the visits. The top ICD-10 codes among all other patients not observed to have engaged in doping (n = 469) were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (7.2%) and abnormal clinical and laboratory symptoms (6.2%). Problems with the musculoskeletal system were primarily back pain (36.0%), muscle contracture (30.1%), and secondary headache (25.2%). Two-thirds of the visits were due to screening for alcohol and drugs or doping; however, inconsistency in the coding system complicates the analysis of data, and a dropdown menu in the registration is therefore needed to prevent errors. Relative risk calculations are impossible due to a lack of data about the at-risk population but should be pursued under different circumstances in future studies. In the support chain of goods, the medical clinic in the port plays a key role in saving time in shipping, which means that the injured or sick employees in most cases can continue working. For the shipping industry, quick un- and offloading is very important to stay competitive in the market for transport.

Social Support in a Diabetes Online Community: Mixed Methods Content Analysis

Patients with diabetes may experience different needs according to their diabetes stage. These needs may be met via online health communities in which individuals seek health-related information and exchange different types of social support. Understanding the social support categories that may be more important for different diabetes stages may help diabetes online communities (DOCs) provide more tailored support to web-based users. This study aimed to explore and quantify the categorical patterns of social support observed in a DOC, taking into consideration users' different diabetes stages, including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), T2D with insulin treatment, and T2D remission. Data were collected from one of the largest DOCs in Europe: Diabetes.co.uk. Drawing on a mixed methods content analysis, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to explore what social support categories could be identified in users' posts. A total of 1841 posts were coded by 5 human annotators according to a modified version of the Social Support Behavior Code, including 7 different social support categories: achievement, congratulations, network support, seeking emotional support, seeking informational support, providing emotional support, and providing informational support. Subsequently, quantitative content analysis was conducted using chi-square post hoc analysis to compare the most prominent social support categories across different stages of diabetes. Seeking informational support (605/1841, 32.86%) and providing informational support (597/1841, 32.42%) were the most frequent categories exchanged among users. The overall distribution of social support categories was significantly different across the diabetes stages (χ218=287.2; P<.001). Users with prediabetes sought more informational support than those in other stages (P<.001), whereas there were no significant differences in categories posted by users with T2D (P>.001). Users with T2D under insulin treatment provided more informational and emotional support (P<.001), and users with T2D in remission exchanged more achievement (P<.001) and network support (P<.001) than those in other stages. This is the first study to highlight what, how, and when different types of social support may be beneficial at different stages of diabetes. Multiple stakeholders may benefit from these findings that may provide novel insights into how these categories can be strategically used and leveraged to support diabetes management.

The clinical association between breast cancer molecular subtype and clinical stage with breast density

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and dense breast tissue is a risk factor for breast cancer. However, it remains unclear whether there is an association between the breast density and molecular subtypes and clinical stage of breast cancer patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the association between molecular subtype and TNM clinical stage with breast density Materials and Methods: The data of female breast cancer patients who underwent treatment in our general surgery clinic between January 2019–April 2021 participated in the study. Patients’ gender, mammographic density, mammographic BI-RADS category, tumor location, TNM clinical stage, and breast cancer molecular subtypes were noted. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics as cross-tabulations and chi-square tests were used, where applicable. Results: 230 female patients participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 56.8 (29–88) years old. The most frequent mammographic breast density was category C (39.4%), followed by category B (33.3%). Furthermore, the most frequent mammographic BI-RADS category was category 4 (38.1%), followed by category 5 (37.2%). There was no statistically significant relationship between mammographic density and the TNM clinical stage of the patients (p=0.247). There was no statistically significant relationship between the mammographic density and molecular subtype (p=0.397). Conclusion: Mammographic breast density was not linked with the subtype or clinical stage of breast cancer. The focus of breast cancer clinical trials should be early detection, particularly in cases with dense breast tissue, regardless of molecular subtype.

String Music Education Research: A Content Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Journals From 1990–2021

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify trends in string research published in peer-reviewed music education research journals between 1990 and 2021. String education research was defined as scholarly articles in which the purpose of the article pertained specifically to string education and/or at least 33% of the participants played bowed stringed instruments. Peer-reviewed journals were determined based on Hamann and Lucas's (1998) list of top-tier journals, Farmer and Kloss's (2022) quasi-replication of that study, a 2006 list compiled by a music education researcher, and an informal survey of music education faculty at a large midwestern university. The resulting list included the Journal of Research in Music Education, Psychology of Music, Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, Music Education Research, International Journal of Music Education, Research Studies in Music Education, Philosophy of Music Education Review, Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, and String Research Journal.For each journal issue, the researchers counted the total number of scholarly articles (N = 4,727) and the total number of string education research articles (n = 276). String education articles represented less than 6% of the total scholarly articles, or less than 5% without the String Research Journal. The method, instruments, participants, and topic of each string article were also recorded. Descriptive research methods were used most frequently, strings and violin were the most frequent instrument categories studied, university students were the most studied participant population, and musical training and skills was the most frequently investigated topic.

Attitude markers in L2 learners' academic writing : a case study of master's theses by Czech students compared to L1 students' writings

Writer-reader interaction is considered a crucial component of a well-written academic text, largely achieved through the use of metadiscourse resources. This paper investigates the frequency and range of 'attitude markers', i.e. one of the five sub-categories of interactional metadiscourse resources (Hyland and Tse 2004) in two learner corpora composed of Czech (L2) and native speaker (L1) university students' academic texts. The survey has shown that research-oriented attitude markers are preferred over topic-oriented ones in both corpora, with the former being used mainly to evaluate the writer's own research and its findings. Attitudinal adjectives were identified as the most frequent and most varied category in both corpora, followed by attitudinal nouns, adverbs, and verbs in their respective order. The results also indicate some interesting differences, for example, that Czech students, unlike L1 students, tend to overuse attitudinal adverbs in the sentence initial position. By highlighting the similarities and differences in the use of attitude markers in L2 and L1 student writing, the study may be of value to both students and their tutors and help to raise students' awareness of the dialogic and interactional character of academic texts.

Variation in palmaromedial articulations of carpometacarpal joints in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses

Background: Carpal conformation is an important factor in relation to the joint soundness. The equine carpometacarpal joint was reported to have variations in its three palmaromedial articulations. Lacking one or more of these articulations has not been radiographically evaluated in Thoroughbred (TB) and Standardbred (SB) racehorses. Aim: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of the variation in the palmaromedial articulation of the carpometacarpal joint (PM-CMCJ) in TB and SB horses. Additionally, to detect the probability of having each of the three articulations within and between the breeds. Finally, to establish an anatomical description for the different patterns of the articulations in these horses. Methods: 313 dorsopalmar radiographs from 174 horses (117 TB and 57 SB) were used. Three articulations at PM-CMCJ were evaluated based on their presence or absence: the articulations between the second and third carpal bones (C2-C3), the second carpal-second metacarpal (C2-Mc2) and the second and third metacarpal (Mc2-Mc3) bones. Probability of each articulation was determined in the breeds. Depending on the presence/absence of one or more of these articulations in each horse, each group of horses that had the same patterns of the articulation was gathered into one category. Results: Prevalence of variation in articulations of PM-CMCJ was identified in about 28% of the horses. SB showed a higher variation than TB throughout the comparisons. C2-C3 articulation was significantly the most common articulation, especially in TB (98%). The most common pattern of articulations (73%) was found in Category I, which had the three articulations whereas 3 horses that grouped in Category VI had no palmaromedial articulations. Conclusion: The variations in the articulations of PM-CMCJ in TB and SB racehorse might show a breed association. C2-C3 articulation was considerably the most frequent feature and Category I was the common pattern of articulations in PM-CMCJ. Potential clinical effects of the varied patterns of the articulations require investigation.

Ethical Issues Referred to Clinical Ethics Support at a University Hospital in Korea: Three-Year Experience After Enforcement of Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act.

Clinical ethics support is a form of preventive ethics aimed at mediating ethics-related conflicts and managing ethical issues arising in the healthcare setting. However, limited evidence exists regarding the specific ethical issues in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the diverse ethical issues of cases referred to clinical ethics support after the new legislation on hospice palliative care and end-of-life decision-making was implemented in Korea in 2018. A retrospective study of cases referred to clinical ethics support at a university hospital in Korea from February 2018 to February 2021 was conducted. The ethical issues at the time of referral were analyzed via qualitative content analysis of the ethics consultation-related documents. A total of 60 cases of 57 patients were included in the study, of whom 52.6% were men and 56.1% were older than 60 years of age. The majority of cases (80%) comprised patients from the intensive care unit. One-third of the patients were judged as being at the end-of-life stage. The most frequent ethical categories were identified as goals of care/treatment (78.3%), decision-making (75%), relationship (41.7%), and end-of-life issues (31.7%). More specifically, best interests (71.7%), benefits and burdens/harms (61.7%), refusal (53.3%), and surrogate decision-making (33.3%), followed by withholding or withdrawal (28.3%) were the most frequent ethical issues reported, which became diversified by year. In addition, the ethical issues appeared to differ by age group and judgment of the end-of-life stage. The findings of this study expand the current understanding of the diverse ethical issues including decision-making and goals of care/treatment that have been referred to clinical ethics support since the enforcement of the new legislation in Korea. This study suggests a need for further research on the longitudinal exploration of ethical issues and implementation of clinical ethics support in multiple healthcare centers.

Creating and testing the effectiveness of hypothetical scenarios which elicit anger and hurt in romantic relational contexts

Researchers interested in emotions and romantic relationships have long been struggling to find efficient and reliable emotion elicitation techniques. In this article, we present the work of creating and testing the effectiveness of hypothetical scenarios that elicit anger and hurt in romantic relational contexts. In study one, two hypothetical scenarios for each emotion were created using the most frequent categories of recalled affective events. Further on, we tested their effectiveness in eliciting anger or hurt in three different phases. In study two, 337 participants, aged between 18 and 40 (M = 19.93; SD = 3.17), read the scenarios and rated them according to several criteria such as arousal, discreteness, positive and negative induced affectivity. We found that our hypothetical scenarios were effective on discreteness, arousal, and positive and negative affect for eliciting anger and hurt in the contexts of romantic relationships.

Примирение ингушей и рассмотрение споров, возникающих из гражданско-правовых отношений, по нормам адата и шариата

The study is devoted to the issues of resolving disputes arising in civil legal relations in the modern life of the Ingush, the ways of reconciling the parties according to the norms of pre-Islamic legal complexes of customary law (adat) and Muslim law (Sharia). To achieve the goal of the research, the tasks of studying the most frequent categories of disputes, forms of appeal to resolve them and to conduct a conciliatory mediation procedure are identified. Issues related to the definition of jurisdiction of disputes, the mechanism of mediation, the issues of establishing the legal basis for litigation in the investigated category of disputes and methods of the conduct of paperwork, as well as the mechanism for the enforcement of decisions made to resolve disputes were also studied. Due to the lack of sufficient published materials on the topic under study, field research is carried out in the Sunzhensky, Nazran and Malgobek districts of Ingushetia in 2021-2022. During conversations with mediators, members of conciliation commissions, plaintiffs and defendants, the information regarding the practices of resolving civil law disputes by imams of rural mosques, the Qadiyat of the Sharia court at the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ingushetia, was collected.

Dogs know it, trees wait for it, and the wind snatches it

Verbal constructions of personification (i.e. nonhuman subject + predicate verb primarily used for human beings only) can be considered a key linguistic realization of personification. Although as grammatical metaphors they are rather invisible, the verb’s selection restrictions have a crucial role in expressing conceptual personification. In other words, the nominal form of personification as cross-domain mapping (e.g. WIND IS A THIEF ) is often realized via verb + argument structures (e.g. the wind grabbed the papers out of my hand). In a previous study, the domains of MOVEMENT , CONTROL and MENTAL ACT proved to be the most frequent conceptual categories of verbal personifications in a corpus of 20 th -century Hungarian poems. However, despite these initial findings, we have relatively little knowledge about what are the typical verbal components of personifications in Hungarian on a more general level.&#x0D; The present paper aims to extend the scope of personification research, adopting corpus linguistic methodology to explore the semantic domains of verbal personification in Hungarian. In a collostructional analysis, I investigate the significant verbal collexemes of noun + verb personifications in the huTenTen12 corpus, using three categories of nominal keywords: animals (dog, horse, fish), plants (tree, fruit, flower) and inanimate natural phenomena (water, air, fire). The study hypothesises that verbs of MENTAL ACT will dominate the first category, MOVEMENT and CONTROL will be prominent among the verbal collexemes of nouns denoting personified natural phenomena, while the semantic domains of verbal personifications will be more heterogeneous in the realm of plants.

SOME REFLECTIONS ON WRITTEN ERRORS MADE BY ARABIC LEARNERS OF ENGLISH

English Second Language (ESL) learners naturally make mistakes or errors in second language acquisition. This is also the case with Arabic learners of English. The authors of this paper present their preliminary observations of errors made by Arabic students based on 25 years of teaching experience in the Middle East. They differentiated the errors according to lexical-semantic-morphological, syntactic, mechanical, and ambiguous categories. In addition, they looked at interlingual causes --- direct transfer from their mother tongue to English (i.e., L1 to L2) and intralingual causes based on the fact that the learners do not know the linguistic rules of the L2. The examples observed by the researchers helped to determine the most frequent categories of errors and give practical solutions to teachers to prevent such errors from happening in the future. The study does not focus on specific assignments but on general observations over the years based on students correspondence.

Prevalensi Ektoparasit pada Benih Ikan Koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus (Lacepede, 1803) di Sentra Budidaya Kabupaten Blitar

The problem of koi fish farming in Blitar Regency that is causing concern and has not been resolved is a disease caused by ectoparasites. The purpose of this study was to observe the types of ectoparasites and the prevalence of parasites that attack koi fish in cultivation centers in Blitar Regency. This type of research is descriptive research with a survey method approach. The koi fish sampled were koi fish fingerlings measuring 7-15 cm in the Kohaku, Tancho, Ogon, and Utsuri varieties with three individuals each. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Examination of ectoparasites was carried out by cutting the body parts of the fish (fins, gill lamellae, and tail), then placing them on a glass slide, dripping with distilled water, covering with a cover glass, and observing under a microscope. The results of the ectoparasites examination were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The data obtained is tabulated in tables and graphs and paired with related literacy. The results showed that there were 5 types of ectoparasites, namely: Lerneaea sp., Argulus sp., Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp., with different numbers and prevalence in each variety. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites in 4 varieties of koi fish was in the Ogon variety (66.6%) with the very frequent infection category, and the lowest in the Kohaku, Tancho, and Utsuri varieties (33%) with the general infection category. The highest prevalence of each type of ectoparasites was Gyrodactylus sp., amounting to 66.6% (very frequent infections) with 3 individual parasites, and Dactylogyrus sp., amounting to 33% -66.6% (general infections - very frequent) with 7 individuals.

Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the relationships between serum cytokine levels and pulmonary dysfunctions in individuals with COVID-19. These correlations may help to suggest strategies for prevention and therapies of coronavirus disease. Patients and methods: Fifty healthy participants and one hundred COVID-19 patients participated in this study. COVID-19 participants were subdivided into moderate and severe groups based on the severity of their symptoms. In both patients and healthy controls, white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 levels were estimated. All the patients were examined by chest computed tomography (CT) and the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) score was assessed. Results: All COVID-19 patients had increased WBCs count and CRP, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 serum levels than healthy controls. Whereas WBCs, CRP, and cytokines like IL-6 showed significantly higher levels in the severe group as compared to moderate patients, IL-4, IL-35, and IL-18 showed comparable levels in both disease groups. Lymphocytes count in all patient groups exhibited a significant decrease as compared to the heathy controls and it was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 than moderate. Furthermore, CO-RADS score was positively connected with WBCs count as well as CRP and cytokine (IL-35, IL-18, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β) levels in both groups. CO-RADS score, also demonstrated a positive correlation with lymphocytes count in the moderate COVID-19 patients, whereas it demonstrated a negative correlation in the severe patients. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that IL-1β, IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 were fair (acceptable) predictors for COVID-19 in moderate cases. Whereas IL-6 was good predictor of COVID-19 in severe cases (AUC > 0.800), IL-18 and IL-35 were fair. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients, compared to individuals with moderate illness and healthy controls, had lower lymphocyte counts and increased CRP with greater WBCs counts. In contrast to moderate COVID-19 patients, severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-6, but IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 between both illness categories were at close levels. IL-6 level was the most potent predictor of COVID-19 progress and severity. CO-RADS 5 was the most frequent category in both moderate and severe cases. Patients with a typical CO-RADS involvement had a higher CRP and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35) levels and WBCs count with a lower lymphocyte number than the others. Cytokine and CRP levels as well as WBCs and lymphocyte counts were considered surrogate markers of severe lung affection and pneumonia in COVID 19 patients.

YouTube videos related to diabetic retinopathy: Are they good enough?

YouTube has remained the most commonly used online platform and is increasingly used for health education. Although videos related to diabetic retinopathy on YouTube are abundant, there is still apaucityof research regarding the detailed analysis of their quality and content. This study aims to assess the content, sources, and overall usefulness of information published on the YouTube platform regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR). The YouTube website was systematically searched using the keyword "diabetic retinopathy" between August 14 and September 29, 2021. A total of 465 videos related to DR were included in our analysis. Of these videos, 215 (46.4%) videos were released from the United States. The highest number of videos were uploaded by medical websites (32.9%), followed by hospitals/medical centers (23%). Educational videos on DR including basic information, complications, treatment, staging and retinal photographs were the most frequent category. Videos containing basic information, complications and videos with animation on DR received the highest numbers of views (2,768,062, 2,361,999, and 1,946,586, respectively). Videos uploaded by hospitals/medical centers received a high mean number of views, likes, and dislikes. Overall, 72.5% of videos on DR published on YouTube were considered largely useful. Videos published by medical websites, hospitals/medical centers and those pertaining to basic information, complications, and animation on DR were the most attractive. Hence, these types of videos can be targeted to increase awareness about DR.

Manifestation of endoparasitic helminths in Sumba Horse (Equus caballus) in Citra Pesona Ladangku Animal Park

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections can cause horses to experience diarrhea, weight loss, weakened physical condition and even death. This horse disease is a great danger that can reduce horse performance.The research on the description of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Sumba horses (Equus caballus) at Citra Pesona Ladangku animal park, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The aim of the study was to determine the type of endoparasites, prevalence and the intensity of parasite attacks. The sample testing was carried out at the Parasitology Laboratory, Medan Veterinary Center using the EPG Mc. Masters method. The results showed that from 18 Sumba horses examined, 6 types of endoparasites were found, namely Strongylus sp., Trichonema sp., Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Strongyloides sp., Triodontophorus sp. and Ascaris sp. The prevalence of Strongylus sp. was 86% in the usual category and the intensity attack was 1.530 in the Super infection category, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was 53% in the frequent category and the intensity attack was 1.161 in the Super infection category, Trichonema sp. was 38% in the common category, and the intensity attack 300 categorized in the very severe category, Strongyloides sp. was 22% in the often category and the intensity was 430 in the very severe category, Triodontophorus sp. was 16% in the often category and the intensity was 500 in the very severe category and Ascaris sp. had prevalence 14% in the often category and the intensity was 100 in the severe category. The gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Sumba horses need special attention.

Interviews about pandemics and protective measures: studying key informants’ representation to develop a web-application for fostering children and adolescents’ resilience

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic can be defined as a biological disaster whose impact is particularly evident for children and adolescents, vulnerable populations because of their level of cognitive and affective development. For this reason, it is of paramount relevance to develop actions focused on disaster-related prevention and preparedness, including psycho-education. In this study, we aimed at exploring key informants’ representation of the pandemic, also to identify the contents for the first two levels of a psycho-educational web-application for children and adolescents, i.e., PandHEMOT® (Pandemics – Helmet for EMOTions). We involved 25 experts with different professional roles through semi-structured interviews about a variety of aspects related to the pandemic. We coded each proposition according to four categories (i.e., Basic knowledge, Procedural knowledge, Safety behaviors, and Consequences). First, a generalized linear mixed model revealed that Safety behaviors was the most frequent category, followed by Consequences, and in turn by Procedural and Basic knowledge. Second, through a cluster analysis we identified three clusters corresponding to different response patterns and pandemic representations. Third, we conducted a thematic analysis to select the items to be inserted in the first and second level of PandHEMOT®, focused on the nature of pandemics and pandemic-related protective measures. Notwithstanding the limitations related to the small sample, this research permitted to explore the representation of different experts concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, these findings enabled to identify the contents for the initial levels of a web-application designed for increasing children and adolescents’ knowledge on pandemics, emotions, and coping strategies. This initiative can be an example of a psycho-educational tool to enhance young people’s disaster-related resilience.