Frequency Adverbs Research Articles

Research on the Co-occurrence Phenomenon of Frequency Adverbs and ‘le’

Research on the Co-occurrence Phenomenon of Frequency Adverbs and ‘le’

Optimalisasi Peran Mahasiswa Dalam Penguatan 4 Keterampilan Bahasa Melalui Materi Adverb Of Frequency Bagi Siswa MTS Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya

The collaborative community service activity between the lecturers and students at MTs Hidayatul Insan aims to enhance the learning experience and academic support for students under the title "Optimizing Student Role in Strengthening 4 Language Skills Through Adverb of Frequency Material for Students of Mts Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya." This initiative focuses on improving language skills, particularly in the use of adverbs of frequency for the students. Through interactive workshops, classroom sessions, and practical exercises, the lecturers and students work together to develop engaging and effective teaching materials tailored to the needs of the students. The collaborative effort fosters a conducive learning environment and promotes active engagement

The Distribution of Manner and Frequency Adverbs in Child Heritage Speakers of Spanish

We investigate the acquisition of adverb placement in Spanish among school-age child heritage speakers of Spanish born and raised in the US by Mexican parents. We examine frequency and manner adverbs with negative and positive polarity and the potential role of cross-linguistic influence, dominance, and experience in the path and rate of development. Fourteen child heritage speakers of Spanish born and raised in the US and twenty-five Spanish monolingual children from Mexico completed an elicited production task. Results showed that the heritage children produced significantly fewer verb-raising structures compared to the monolingual children, leading to a higher proportion of pre-verbal adverb use and adverb-final use. The heritage children treated manner and frequency adverbs with negative and positive polarity significantly differently. We also found a strong correlation between dominance and experience in the probability of producing specific adverbial positions. In other words, common adverbial positions in English were more likely to be produced with higher dominance and experience in English; likewise, Spanish adverbial positions were more likely to be used with higher dominance and experience in Spanish. We argue for differential outcomes in child heritage grammar due to differences in the path and rate of language development as well as the role of dominance and experience in child heritage language acquisition.

When “Sometimes” Means “Often”: How Stereotypes Affect Interpretations of Quantitative Expressions

Two experiments investigated whether interpretations of quantitative expressions about described actors’ behaviors are influenced by stereotypic expectancies. Participants rated sentences containing frequency adverbs describing either stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent behaviors. Results showed that recipients inferred a higher numerical frequency when sentences described stereotype-consistent (vs inconsistent) behaviors. These effects of stereotype consistency were stronger for high (vs low) degree frequency adverbs. The findings show how neutral statements about a person can be interpreted as stereotype-confirming information and thus contribute to stereotype maintenance.

Lexical realizations of hedging: A cross-disciplinary study of research article abstracts by Russian authors

Currently, when the English language has established itself as a lingua franca in academic settings, it is relevant to investigate rhetorical strategies in texts produced by L2 writers who use English in their academic prose. This paper explores lexical patterns of hedging in Englishmedium research article abstracts written by L2 (Russian) writers from two fields representing hard sciences and humanities — engineering and linguistics. The main focus is on quantitative and qualitative variations in the lexical realizations of hedging as a metadiscourse strategy used to present research results and enter into a dialogue with the reader. The corpus comprises 312 engineering and linguistics research article abstracts taken equally from six Russian linguistic and engineering journals. In order to investigate hedging devices and their lexical categories, this study adopted the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the quantitative analysis show that there are many differences in the distribution of lexical patterns of hedging in the two sub-corpora. In the engineering abstracts, hedging was most frequently realized through modal auxiliaries and adverbs of frequency. In the linguistics subcorpus, probability nouns and reporting verbs were among the most frequent lexical patterns of hedging. In the linguistics abstracts, hedging was realized through a greater variety of lexical categories. This suggests that lexical realizations of hedging seem to be influenced by the discipline rather than generic conventions.

Decision Making in English as an Additional Language: Surprises and Advantages

Do adult learners of English make different and sometimes better decisions in English than their monolingual peers and teachers? It is likely, possible, and probable. Using evidence from classroom decision making studies, with over 500 participants, we demonstrate that often adult English learners (henceforth adult Active Bilingual Learners/Users of English [ABLE]) make more accurate decisions in English than first language English speakers, when given time and the ability to utilize their whole linguistic repertoire (i.e., translanguaging). We specifically look at differences in decisions that involve 1) common adverbs of frequency (rare, possible, likely, frequently, etc.) and 2) system 1 (implicit) vs. system 2 (analytical) thinking in cognitive reflection tests, such as math story problems. Understanding these surprising differences and advantages in decision making in English as an Additional Language (EAL) has important practical implications for test preparation and daily instruction for adult ABLE students, and potentially as well for ABLE youth in K-12 schools.

Do Pakistani English writers hedge more in linguistics research than native English writers?

The purpose of this corpus-based study is to compare the use of hedges and associated linguistic constituents in the linguistic research articles authored by Pakistani English Writers (PEWs) and native English writers (NEWs). NEWs hedge more than their PEWs peers, as per the outcomes of the two corpora (20 linguistics research articles by PEWs and 20 linguistics research articles by NEWs). Nevertheless, the statistics revealed that both corpora employed hedging types that were quite similar. To minimize the legitimacy of their assertions and arguments, both factions relied primarily on lexical and hedging strategies, and both groups avoided utilizing hedges such as adverbs of frequency. Likewise, neither group used epistemic nor possibility hedging much. Nonetheless, the use of linguistic elements of hedging by PEWs and NEWs authors differ considerably. PEWs are more committed to their opinions being more appealing and persuasive, owing to the clear impact of first language and culture.

丹戎布拉大学师范教育学院汉语专业 2018 届学生对副词“老”和“总”的掌握情况

AbstractThe adverb of frequency is usually used to refer to how frequently an activity is done. “老”and“总”are two adverbs which are often found in Chinese language subject. These two adverbs have the same general meaning but different usage in the particular context. This has caused the students’ confusion in using these two adverbs. The aim of this research is to investigate students’ mastery on “老”and “总” as well as their difficulties in using these two adverbs. The research participants were the batch 2018 students in Chinese Language Study Program of Tanjungpura University. In order to achieve the research purpose, the researcher used library method and testing method for data collection. The research findings found that students’ average mastery in using “老” was 53%, while for “总” was 51%. The researcher also found students’ difficulties in using these two adverbs. The students were not competent enough in the structure “老+形+的” when they were using the adverb “老”. Meanwhile, they also did not really master the structure “总+副词 ‘不’” when they are using the adverb “总”.Keywords: Adverbs of Frequency, Learning Difficulty, Students’ Mastery

“Grammar of emotions”: English affixal morphemes, adverbs of frequency, word-order, auxiliaryverbs as a means of verbalization of emotions

“Grammar of emotions”: English affixal morphemes, adverbs of frequency, word-order, auxiliaryverbs as a means of verbalization of emotions

“常常”词义中的时、动量因素分析

The word “Changchang (often)” is generally regarded as a time adverb or a frequency adverb. Most dictionaries lay emphasis on its meanings of “large number of actions,” “short unit time” and “short time interval.” That is why the meanings of “Changchang (often)” include both factors of time quantity and motion quantity. Its motion quantity factor lies in the number of actions. Its time quantity factor is reflected in two ways: the length of “unit time” involved in frequency and the length of “time interval” of actions. The findings of this research paper suggest that in sentences that express the frequency of actions, there exists limit of “quantity value” in the meanings of “number of actions,” “no long unit time” and “short time interval” of “Changchang (often).” “Number of actions” is limited by maximum value and minimum value while “unit time” and “time interval” are limited by maximum value. The limit of maximum and minimum values is the logical basis the validity of “Changchang” clauses. Being out of the range of their quantity value would invalidate “Changchang (often).” The limit of quantity value of “Changchang (often)” should be paid special attention to when acquiring and applying “Changchang (often)” sentences.

현대중국어 ‘老’의 의미와 용법 및 문법화 과정 고찰

‘Lao’ has various meanings and usages and is one of the most frequently used words and morphemes in Mandarin. For example, ‘Lao’ serves as an adjective, adverb, and affix. This study analyzes the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of ‘Lao’ as well as the grammaticalization process of ‘Lao’. Diachronically, this study analyzes how ‘Lao’ obtained these functions and what correlation exists between each. Also, synchronically, through the comparison of adjectives ‘Lao’ and ‘Jiu’, frequency adverbs ‘Lao’ and ‘Zong’, and degree adverbs ‘Lao’ and ‘Hen’, I explore the unique semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic characteristics of ‘Lao’.

빈도부사 ‘??’와 ‘?不?’의 양화특성 연구

本文以现代汉语频率副词“时时”、“时不时”为研究对象, 主要从频率副词的量化特征来分析两个副词的语义功能及其句法上的制约条件。在传统语法里, “时时”等频率副词都被归为时间副词的小类, 重点研究它们的时间意义。本文基于最新的研究成果以及语料考察结果, 并指出“时时”和“时不时”的语义功能更接近于量化副词。它们的语义辖域会超出谓语动词层面, 管辖整个命题所指谓的情境, 可以说具有事件量化的功能。关于“时时”和“时不时”在语义功能上的共性与差异, 本文首先认为它们之间在语义、句法上的差异跟它们的形态特征直接相关。例如, “时时”作为“时”的重叠形式, 在量化义方面表达一种时间的累加量, 语义上要求情境内部的同质性, 表示“无例外”的概率义。“时不时”则表达事件的累加量, 它跟“时时”不同, 句子谓语会允准一些量化成分, 呈现出句法制约上的区别。最后, 在主观表达上, “时时”和“时不时”在量化义上的不同会直接联系到它们所表达的主观义方面。“时时”的量化义引申为一种抽象的程度表达, 而“时不时”直接表达一种主观大量, 甚至会体现出说话者对情境的主观判断或(不满的)态度等。可见, “时不时”的主观化程度比“时时”高, 具有更多的情态用法；句法上可位于句首, 表达一种饰句副词的功能。

A Study on the Acquisition of Chinese Adverbs for Korean L2 Learners

In this paper, in order to examine the Korean learners of Chinese adverbs acquisition situation, analyzes the Chinese native speakers corpus and Korean learner corpus. The statistics Korean learners and Chinese native speakers of Chinese use frequency adverbs, summarizes the using the characteristics of 36 basis adverbs and compared the differences of them. At last, through data analysis of changes in the Korean learners use adverbs and the relationship between Chinese proficiency. (1). The use of Chinese adverbs in Korean learners is single and concentrated; (2). In terms of the number and usage of adverbs, Korean learners use too many adverbs; (3). According to the order of native speakers’ usage frequency, the surplus of adverbs used by Korean learners is concentrated in medium frequency adverbs; (4). Starting from Grade B, the acquisition level of basic adverbs of Korean learners is gradually improved, and the excessive use of adverbs is correspondingly reduced, and the higher the Chinese level of Korean learners, the more frequently they use medium frequency adverbs. According to the characteristics of Korean learners’ acquisition of Chinese adverbs, this paper puts forward some Suggestions on teaching Chinese adverbs in Korean, so as to provide reference for teaching Chinese adverbs in Korean, compiling textbooks, classifying adverbs and evaluating learners’ levels.

Study on the Meaning Category of Time Adverbs in Modern Kazakh Language in Domestic and Foreign Studies

Time and space are fully embodied in all levels of language. Quantitative concepts closely related to human nature belong to adverbs from a lexical level. Adverbs closely connected with this concept written in the works of foreign scholars studying in Kazakh linguistics and Kazakh language are mentioned. Although the classification principle is the same in terms of semantics, it is proved that it also has particular characteristics. In the works of most foreign scholars, we can clearly perceive that adverbs semantically regarded as a separate vocabulary-semantic group are classified in the grammatical category of “time” and tense. In Zhang Yisheng’s “The Exploration of Adverbs in Modern Chinese”(2004), we learned that time adverbs are studied from the direction of functional grammar. In Kazakh linguistics, it is researched and systematized according to the categories of non-part-of-speech concepts. According to the experiment, there are certain differences in the selection and usage of language units among interviewees under cognitive conditions. The results concluded in this paper give further analysis. Firstly, time adverbs are divided into adverbs of time, frequency and sequence. Among them, adverbs of time can be further divided into adverbs of tense and adverbs of aspect; adverbs of frequency can be divided into high frequency, middle frequency, and low frequency adverbs; adverbs of sequence can be divided into adverbs of order and adverbs of repetition. Generally speaking, the classification of time adverbs between Chinese and Kazakh scholars is similar, but there are differences in research directions.

Slovak Temporal Adverb zákratko in the Light of Corpus Data

Using material from the Slovak national corpus, this article examines the semantics of the Slovak adverb zakrátko, which belongs to a group of adverbs with the meaning “fast following”. The adverb is analyzed against the background of the other most commonly used adverbs that form a semantic group, which also include čoskoro, onedlho, and o chvíľu. In the first part of the article, the specificity of zakrátko compatibility is considered in the light of association measure indicators, three of which were selected – Minimal Sensitivity, logDice, and MI.log.f. Collocations specific only to zakrátko are singled out separately, namely those which include combinations with verbs that have a "social mark"; with verbs that denote disintegration, destruction, or, conversely, addition or filling in space; with some mental predicates; and with the negative form of the verb trvať 'last'. Then, correlations in compatibility between this adverb and čoskoro, onedlho, and o chvíľu are examined. While zakrátko has almost equal number of common correlates with čoskoro and onedlho, it is significantly less correlated with the adverb o chvíľu. In the second part of the article, cases of mutual compatibility of zakrátko and other frequency adverbs from the group are analyzed in pairs. Even in similar contexts, the use of zakrátko implies the speed and predetermination of the situation. It is shown that this adverb on one hand largely correlates with čoskoro and onedlho, while on the other it has its own specifics, which are expressed in the fact that zakrátko is more focused on specific situations that can be implemented in a deliberately short period of time.

The functional roles of lexical devices in second language learners’ encoding of temporality: A study of Mandarin Chinese-speaking ESL learners

Abstract The present study investigates the functional roles of two lexical devices, past-time temporal adverbials and frequency adverbs, in Mandarin Chinese-speaking ESL learners’ encoding of temporality in their English interlanguage. The results of the present study indicate that past-time temporal adverbials are facilitative in Mandarin Chinese-speaking ESL learners’ encoding of past time. Meanwhile, the existence/absence of the matrix agreement, which is a linguistic device that has not been discussed in previous studies, may also lead to learners’ different reactions. The results of the present study also show that the introduction of frequency adverbs is associated with a higher usage rate of the present tense and causes more difficulty in a past tense context. This association is found to exist not only in learners’ data, but also in English native speakers’ data. The present study contributes to our understanding of the development of second language learners’ expression of temporal locations and relations.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS v2.0)

ObjectivesTo translate and culturally adapt the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (version 2.0), a tool used to assess pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms reported by patients and/or their parents/caregivers. MethodsThe Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score was translated through the following stages: initial translation, back‐translation, and consensus of independent reviewers through the Delphi technique. The pre‐final version of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score was applied to five 8‐to‐18‐year‐old patients and to ten parents of two‐to‐18‐year‐old patients from an outpatient pediatric gastroenterology service (pre‐test). ResultsDuring the translation process, no translations presenting with difficult consensus in the review process or grammar inconsistencies were observed. During the pre‐test, difficulties in comprehension of some unconventional terms, e.g., “náusea”, were observed. Adverbs of frequency, such as “quase nunca” were also identified as being of difficult understanding by patients and parents, and the substitution by the term “raramente” was suggested. Such difficulties may be inherent to the pediatric age group. Age 8 years or above should be considered adequate for the self‐reporting of symptoms. ConclusionsThe study presents the Brazilian version of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score, which is adapted to the Brazilian culture. This version may be introduced as a clinical and research tool for the assessment of patients with esophagic disease symptoms. The Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score is a breakthrough in the evaluation of symptoms of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, since it reinforces the importance of self‐reporting by patients who experience this disease.

How Korean EFL Learners Comprehend Negative Frequency Adverbs

영어의 부정 빈도 부사 집합은 hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom의 다섯 개 어휘로 구성된다. 이들 부정 빈도 부사는 한국어에서 쉽게 찾을 수 없는 몇 가지 중요한 특성을 지니는데, 이 특성이 영어를 학습하는 한국인에게는 상당한 학습 장애요소가 되곤 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 한국인 영어 학습자의 부정 빈도 부사 사용의 오류 양상을 영어 학습자 말뭉치를 이용하여 분석한 선행 연구가 존재하였다. 본고는 이러한 코퍼스 기반 선행 연구에서 주장한 바를 수용성 판단 실험을 통해 되짚어 보고, 나아가 영어 숙련도가 영어 부정 빈도 부사 사용에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는가 확인해 본다. 기존의 말뭉치 기반 연구에서 분석한 오류 유형은 본 실험 기반 연구에서도 마찬가지로 확인되었다. 부정 빈도 부사의 위치 오류, -ly 형성 규칙의 과잉 적용 및 이중 부정형의 사용 등의 영어 숙련도별 양상을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구는 말뭉치와 실험이라는 경험적 연구 방법론을 통해 향후 영어 교수요목에서 더 강조하여야 할 사항을 구체적으로 파악하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

Discourse functions of always progressives: Beyond complaining

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the frequency adverbalwayscombined with the progressive aspect is typically used in negative evaluations expressing irritation, i.e., complaints. Adopting a cognitive-functional approach, I test this claim across six genres of Present Day English.Alwaysprogressives were coded according to their functions: Describe (neutral), Complain (negative), Lament (negative), or Praise (positive). Neutral, rather than negative, functions predominated in all genres, although negative functions outnumbered positive functions. I relate the former finding to the propensity ofalwaysprogressives to act similarly to the simple aspect and the latter to a cognitive phenomenon called the negativity bias.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS v2.0)

ObjectivesTo translate and culturally adapt the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (version 2.0), a tool used to assess pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms reported by patients and/or their parents/caregivers. MethodsThe Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score was translated through the following stages: initial translation, back-translation, and consensus of independent reviewers through the Delphi technique. The pre-final version of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score was applied to five 8-to-18-year-old patients and to ten parents of two-to-18-year-old patients from an outpatient pediatric gastroenterology service (pre-test). ResultsDuring the translation process, no translations presenting with difficult consensus in the review process or grammar inconsistencies were observed. During the pre-test, difficulties in comprehension of some unconventional terms, e.g., “náusea”, were observed. Adverbs of frequency, such as “quase nunca” were also identified as being of difficult understanding by patients and parents, and the substitution by the term “raramente” was suggested. Such difficulties may be inherent to the pediatric age group. Age 8 years or above should be considered adequate for the self-reporting of symptoms. ConclusionsThe study presents the Brazilian version of the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score, which is adapted to the Brazilian culture. This version may be introduced as a clinical and research tool for the assessment of patients with esophagic disease symptoms. The Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score is a breakthrough in the evaluation of symptoms of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, since it reinforces the importance of self-reporting by patients who experience this disease.