French Economic Research Articles

The Impact of Green Knowledge Management on Sustainable Development Goals and Green Innovation in French Economic Firms: A Structural Analysis

Abstract The study aimed to test the impact of Green Knowledge Management (GKM) on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Green Innovation (GI) in economic firms. The researcher collected data from lower, middle, and upper-level managers of small, medium, and large-sized manufacturing and services firms located in France. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore how GKM processes (creation of green knowledge, acquisition, sharing, and application) impact SDGs (environmental, social, and economic sustainability) and GI (green technology, management innovation). According to the results, GKM significantly impacts both SDGs and GI. The dimensional analysis indicated that, except for acquiring green knowledge and its application, it showed an insignificant impact on green innovation. Finally, firm size and industry type were examined in relation to SDGs and GI. Regarding SDGs, firm size presented significant positive results. However, an insignificant result was found for firm size concerning GI. Similarly, the role of industry type was examined in relation to SDGs and GI, revealing significant results for both paths.

Economic Expertise at War: A Brief History of the Institutionalization of French Economic Expertise (1936–46)

Abstract French economic expertise developed significantly during the interwar period when economic issues, and particularly those resulting directly from World War I, became the overriding concern for Europe's democracies. Before the end of World War II, three major institutes of conjuncture had been created, all of them driven by the need for economic policy indicators. The IRES was established in 1933 by Charles Rist, the Institut Français de la Conjoncture was founded in 1938 by Alfred Sauvy, and ISEA was founded in 1944 by François Perroux. Not surprisingly, all three were working on productivity measures. From 1936, debate was focused on the issue of the forty-hour week and then moved to the context of the arms race and the preparation for an inevitable war. The war period resulted in shortages that required planning of production; and in the postwar period the focus was on plans for the reconstruction of France and then Europe more generally. All these periods generated demand for differentiated economic expertise in productivity. In 1946, the first French National Accounts were published alongside the establishment of the Commissariat Général au Plan and INSEE, which resulted in another distinct period.

<div> Who Takes the Land? Quantifying the Use of Built-Up Land by French Economic Sectors to Assess Their Vulnerability to the ‘No Net Land Take’ Policy </div>

<div> Who Takes the Land? Quantifying the Use of Built-Up Land by French Economic Sectors to Assess Their Vulnerability to the ‘No Net Land Take’ Policy </div>

HTA310 Evolution of French Economic Opinions Published By the Economic Evaluation and Public Health (CEESP) in Oncology

HTA310 Evolution of French Economic Opinions Published By the Economic Evaluation and Public Health (CEESP) in Oncology

HTA142 Evolution of French Economic Opinions Published by the Economic Evaluation and Public Health Committee (CEESP)

HTA142 Evolution of French Economic Opinions Published by the Economic Evaluation and Public Health Committee (CEESP)

‘A Sovereign Europe’? Strategic Use of Discourse at the Service of French Economic Interests in EU Politics (2017–2022)

AbstractThe ‘practice turn’ in European Union (EU) studies has shown that everyday actions, notably discursive practices, are consequential for producing European integration. Yet, an important development has been overlooked by scholars: the emergence of a ‘European sovereignty’ discourse in EU politics. Since President Emmanuel Macron's Sorbonne speech in September 2017, the EU policy of the French government has been structured around the affirmed objective of building ‘European sovereignty’. It supposes that the EU should become more geopolitical and not shy away from defending its own interests in an increasingly disorderly and hostile world. This article enquires into the objectives that President Macron and the French government have sought to realise by introducing this discourse into EU politics. We argue that ‘European sovereignty’ is a discursive practice that instrumentalises security threats to the EU in order to legitimise France's economic policy objectives, most notably the reform of EU competition policy. Our findings derive not only from publicly available documents and speeches but also 72 semi‐directed interviews.

Flying Without Instruments? The Deliberative Turn of the French Economic, Social and Environmental Council

How does an established institution incorporate deliberation by randomly selected citizens? Can they deliberate on an equal footing with interest group representatives? How do the latter envision citizen participation? This article attempts to answer these questions by analysing the deliberative mini-public 'New Generations' set up by the French Economic Social and Environmental Council (ESEC) in 2020. A socio-economic consultative assembly, the ESEC was the subject of a legislative reform adopted in January 2021, which establishes the possibility for the Council to have randomly selected citizens deliberate alongside representatives of interest groups. Relying on semi-structured interviews (n = 15), surveys at multiple points in time (n = 190), direct observation (11 days) and content analysis, we illustrate the limits of the integration of citizen deliberation within the ESEC. Articulating a longitudinal macro perspective (on the institutional and legislative transformations of the Council) with a sociological microanalysis (of the 'New Generations' experiment) allows us to underline that in the current implementation of citizens' participation in the ESEC, the institution seems to be 'flying without instruments'. Indeed, with few references to legal frameworks or scientific guidelines, the Council relies mainly on private consultants to implement deliberative practices. We thus worry that within the current political context, citizen deliberation is on its way to become an ad hoc resource, used by interest groups and institutions to defend their causes in the public sphere, but not leading to a direct implication of citizens in the decision-making process. 

Writing Women Back into the History of French Economic Thought: The Case of Flora Tristan, Julie-Victoire Daubié and Clémence Royer

Since the publication in 1973 of Dorothy Thomson’s seminal book Adam Smith’s Daughters, the literature on women’s contribution to the economic thought has grown exponentially. Despite these recent publications, the specificities of the French context and the historical contributions of female thinkers to French economic thought have been rarely studied. The aim of this paper is to analyze the contribution of Flora Tristan, Julie-Victoire Daubié and Clémence Royer to economic debates in nineteenth-century France. These three case studies offer insight into the neglect of female thinkers in the history of economic thought. In line with previous publications, we explore the border of the definition of economics by focusing on the nineteenth-century French context. We then propose some explanations for their exclusion from the field of economics.

POSB280 Review of Real-World Data Use in French Economic and Public Health Assessment Committee's (CEESP) Efficiency Opinions for Anticancer Drugs

Lowering the uncertainty is becoming more important in CEESP’s economic evaluation of therapies in France so RWDs may prove increasingly useful. This work aims to describe the use of RWD in the economic evaluation of anticancer drugs.

Financial Crisis Impact on French Economic Growth

Financial Crisis Impact on French Economic Growth

French Economic and Monetary Policies in Francophone Africa:

Since granting independence to her former colonies (especially the countries in the West and Central Africa subregions), France has maintained tight economic, political, and to a great extent, social control over their internal and external affairs. These continued ties with France have become the subject of contentious debates (previously considered taboo) among scholars in recent times, evidenced in the development of activism in Africa and continental Europe where the former has been sensitized or radicalized about France’s exploitative approach to economic partnership. The economies of these African nations have suffered stagnation and retrogression in contrast to their non-French-influenced neighbors. This essay employs a literature review to assess the impact of French hegemony over these former colonies, therefore providing a cogent argument for the abolition of the monetary agreement in favor of a local currency, and cessation of political dependencies that also carry a negative stigma. Intellectuals and politicians have argued that the continued use of the CFA franc currency (a relic of colonialism with a different twist) is exploitative; recognized even by French politicians who have appealed to their government to employ moral and ethical considerations to desist from the persistent exploitation of Africa. Social movements have developed today in demanding that African nations still using this currency should withdraw from the agreements due to the severe negative effects on economic development.

PCN246 Review of Published Efficiency Opinions of the French Economic and Public Health Assessment Committee (CEESP) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)

Since 2013, manufacturers are required to submit a pharmacoeconomic evaluation to the French HTA for all innovative products claiming an important added clinical benefit with a substantial impact on healthcare expenditures. The objective of this analysis was to review the French HTA decisions and provide a summary of the methodological concerns (MCs) reported in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) indications. All available opinions for CLL indications published up to March 2020 were reviewed. Methodological choices, specific indications, nature of the request and MCs were extracted. A total of eight published opinions were identified and reviewed. The cost-effectiveness was not demonstrated in any of them and only two did not raise major concerns. Overall, 49 MCs were identified: 12 major, 13 important, and 24 minor. Almost half (24/49) of MCs were related to modelling and methodological choices with a non-negligible impact on the overall decision: 10 major, 9 important and 5 minor MCs. The ten major MCs were related to uncertainty and limitations pertaining to the efficacy data (data immaturity, etc.), comparators choices (lack of relevant comparators, etc.), studied population (missing subgroups, etc.) and utilities (non-conformity of the estimations method, etc.). The nine important MCs were caused by the modelling assumptions and their poor discussion as well as by the weak external and internal validity of the model. Most of the minor concerns were related to a lack of clarity in the presentation of the results and the methodological choices, miscalculations, or the absence of required scenario analyses. This review highlighted the lack of available and mature clinical data in CLL, inciting manufacturers to consider an important number of modelling assumptions. Considering assumptions should be associated with a robust rationale, sensitivity analyses and discussion to ensure that the French HTA can properly assess results considering the modelling-related uncertainty.

Nouveaux effets de la mondialisation – Introduction à une sélection d'articles présentés au 66e Congrès Annuel de l’AFSE

This special thematic feature on “New impacts of globalization” was developed, in partnership with the French Economic Association (Association francaise de science economique, AFSE), from the contributions presented at its 66th annual congress which took place in Nice in June 2017. The four articles published here illustrate the different channels by which a country's international opennessth impacts its wealth, employment and subnational inequalities. This introduction builds on these works to present some recent avenues of research for modelling and quantifying the impacts of globalization.

17世紀フランス経済史研究の動向 : 特にその研究方法について(学会動向)

17世紀フランス経済史研究の動向 : 特にその研究方法について(学会動向)

Spatial conservation prioritization for mobile top predators in French waters: Comparing encounter rates and predicted densities as input

EU member states have to develop their Natura 2000 networks in their national waters to fulfill their conservation obligations regarding species and habitats listed in the Birds and Habitats directives. In France, a coastal network of Natura 2000 areas exists since 2008 but it had to be completed in offshore waters for some marine megafauna species. The SAMM aerial surveys (Aerial Census of Marine Megafauna) which occurred in winter 2011 and summer 2011–2012 over a large area comprising the whole metropolitan French Economic Exclusive Zone produced sighting data for species listed in the Birds and Habitats directives. These data produced different types of species distribution data: encounter rates and predicted densities by kriging and habitat modelling. Using these species distribution data, the aim of the present study was to compare these different types of inputs in the same conservation prioritization process to complete the existing Natura 2000 network in French waters. We ran prioritization analyses using the encounter rates only (scenario 1) then using the predicted densities provided by kriging and habitat modelling (scenario 2). We then compared the outputs of the two prioritization processes. The prioritization outputs were different but not in contradiction, with similar areas appearing as important to reach the conservation targets. Habitat models were thought to provide better pictures of seasonal species distributions and informed scientists about the phenology and ecology of species. However, the use of encounter rates as input data for the prioritization process in the Natura 2000 program is acceptable provided that sufficient survey effort is available.

Conflicting Identities: French Economic Diplomacy between the State and Companies in the Twentieth Century

The question of diplomatic identity has rarely seen study from a specifically historical perspective rooted in the long term. This analysis explores the role and self-perceptions of an unknown and, yet, central actor in the French economic diplomacy: the commercial counsellor. It offers new and stimulating ideas on the entangled links between State and the business sphere in France. The fundamental ambivalence of the commercial counsellor’s identity illuminates the atypical nature of French commercial diplomacy from 1918 to the 2000s. Through assimilation into the Ministry of Economy and in a Janus-like role facing both the Quai d’Orsay and French companies, French commercial counsellors have had to endure a complicated situation whilst remaining the Cinderella of the diplomatic sphere. Deploying an historical analysis to enrich the contemporary debate on the state of diplomacy, this study explores the impact of interventions by non-state actors at the heart of the diplomatic machinery. Far from being an innovation of the 1990s, this intervention was a recurring theme throughout the twentieth century, and its examination sheds new light on the persistence of the neo-corporatist practice of commercial diplomacy in France.

Short-Run Assessment of French Economic Activity Using Optim

This paper describes a short-term projection model for French economic activity, OPTIM, the aim of which is twofold. First it gives an early estimate of real GDP growth for the previous quarter, when no figure has yet been released by Insee, the French National Statistical Institute, along with flash estimates for main GDP components (consumption, investment, inventories and external trade) together with a breakdown by sectors (services, manufacturing, construction, equipment, agri-food). This appears particularly useful for the short-run analysis. In this respect OPTIM may be considered as a traditional bridge equation model since it links a particular indicator available generally ahead of the release of the quarterly national accounts with a quarterly aggregate like GDP, consumption… Second, this tool supplies also estimates for GDP growth and its main components for the current quarter and for the next quarter (i.e two and three quarters respectively following the latest reference period of Insee's GDP data release). A pool of (mainly) monthly variables is used, which are, sometimes, directly introduced in the specification but, more often, summarised by the implementation of a principal component analysis (PCA). The largest part of the set of indicators comprises survey data together with monthly traditional indicators (industrial production, consumption in manufactured goods…). But other data (in particular financial data) are also introduced. The outcomes of OPTIM rely on a relatively complex procedure involving about twenty equations and mixing two alternative approaches: a supply approach consisting in a direct modelling of GDP and a demand approach where GDP is the sum of consumption, investment, changes in stocks and net trade (exports minus imports). The discrepancy between these two estimates is distributed according to an original method, yielding a unique GDP estimation. The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 presents the main features of OPTIM. Section 2 deals with data description while section 3 addresses the data assessment's issue. In section 4, the main equations are described. Section 5 presents a general assessment of OPTIM in terms of forecasting record. Finally section 6 concludes and proposes some avenues for further developments.

The History of French Economic Thought

The History of French Economic Thought

The History of French Economic Thought

The History of French Economic Thought

Les avancées et retards du débat démocratique français sur l’économie

Headways and Delays of the French Economic Debate in Economy. The way French people understand the economy depends on their beliefs. They are fed by the intellectual fads of the moment. A tiny part of the population benefits from an initial training in economics to support its choices : this possibility should be opened to all high school students, with an aim to discuss the big contemporary economic debates. French people indicate a concern to understand better these debates. They are helped by an economic press which does not have to blush any more in front of its Anglo-Saxon colleagues. But it is a handicap to them that just a small number of economists worry of maintaining permanently a democratic debate on economic issues. It is the objective of the magazine Alternatives Economiques. After 30 years of existence, it is now the second monthly economic magazine in terms of reception, reflecting the strong demand in economic educational methods from the French society. Classification JEL : A10, L82.