IntroductionKisspeptin hormone has been recently suggested as a new candidate drug to indirectly stimulate secretion of gonadotropins providing a more physiological approach to the ovarian function, due to concerns about the use of gonadotropins such as the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This review describes and compares the results of those clinical trials carried out hitherto with exogenous administration of kisspeptin on humans, with special interest on those focused on healthy women. In addition, the potential use of this hormone on programming and inducing ovulation as an alternative for choriogonadotropin (CG) and GnRH agonists in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is also addressed. Material and methodsMEDLINE/Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine) database was searched for articles published between 2000 and 2014. All searches included the terms ‘kisspeptin’, ‘ovarian stimulation’ and ‘infertility’. Special interest was given to clinical trials. ResultsAdministration of kisspeptin seems effective in activating the LH surge in women. All trials reported high increases of LH above baseline levels in the preovulatory phase of the cycle. Recent results indicate that a single subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 is enough to induce egg maturation. This strategy might offer the advantage of avoiding OHSS and without the necessity of following a freeze-all strategy as pregnancy rates are maintained after its use. Furthermore, clinical trials show that administration of this hormone is not harmful for women and does not affect their reproductive physiology. DiscussionIf kisspeptin is able to offer an acceptable ratio of metaphase II oocytes per follicle aspirated with no risk of OHSS and without affecting pregnancy rates in fresh cycles it would be definitely a good option for triggering. Before implementing its routine use, well-designed studies should be carried out in the human model in order to compare IVF results between the different types of triggering proposed to date.