Traditional static assessment fails to capture the critical garment–body interactions during dance. This study investigates the influence of a costume’s dynamic fit on stage performance using a novel, synergistic methodology that integrates computer vision with pressure sensing to provide a holistic, quantitative assessment of garment–body dynamics. Two leotards, a “Standard Fit” (SF) and an “Optimized Fit” (OF) designed using 3D scanning and dynamic pattern engineering, were tested on ten elite ballet dancers. During a series of standardized movements, we synchronously measured interface pressure, garment–body gap, and biomechanical performance kinematics. The OF garment demonstrated a significantly superior dynamic fit, achieving a 28% reduction in peak shoulder pressure and reducing fabric gapping in the lumbar region compared with the SF garment (p < 0.01). These physical improvements correlated directly with enhanced performance, including a 5.7% greater hip abduction angle in the grand jeté and a 4.2% higher peak angular velocity in the pirouette (p < 0.05). Dancers’ subjective ratings were also substantially higher in the OF leotard, with a 67% improvement in perceived freedom of movement and an 85% improvement in comfort. This research establishes a quantitative, data-driven link between specific dynamic fit characteristics and tangible performance gains, providing a new evidence-based paradigm for the design of high-performance functional apparel.

Ethiopia has progressive refugee policies and proclamation, particularly the “out of camp policy,” that allows Eritrean refugees to live outside of designated refugee camps. However, the implementation of these policies has been problematic, leading Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia to face significant barriers. The purpose of this research was to understand the specific difficulties faced by Eritrean refugees in the Alemwach site, Ethiopia. An ecological system and human rights framework were used to understand the challenges. A qualitative case study design was employed to explore the challenges. The study employed a purposive snowball sampling technique to select 10 participants. In-depth interviews, observations, and documents were used for data collection. The analysis of this data identified six themes that capture the complex and multifaceted challenges experienced by Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia: ongoing psychosocial challenges due to forced displacement; freedom of movement; the right to work; relationship with the host communities; security and crime; and document restoration and vital life events registration. Effective strategies must be developed to mitigate these challenges and align policy implementation with the realities of refugee experiences. The findings have implications for social work, psychology, and law.

This article critically examines the legal and institutional frameworks that govern the protection of employees’ right to free movement of labour within the East African Community (EAC), with particular focus on Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi. The EAC Common Market Protocol (CMP), which came into force in 2010, sets out clear commitments for partner states to guarantee the free movement of persons, labour, goods, and services, aiming at promoting deeper economic integration and equitable social development in the region. However, more than a decade after its adoption, the practical implementation of these commitments remains fragmented and inconsistent. National immigration laws, restrictive work permit regimes, the lack of harmonized standards for the recognition of qualifications, and the non-transferability of social security benefits continue to pose significant obstacles to the free movement of workers. This paper analyzes the constitutional, statutory, and policy measures that each of the five states has put in place to comply with the CMP. The article concludes that while significant progress has been made in protecting workers’ fundamental rights within national contexts, deeper harmonization of labour laws, elimination of discriminatory administrative practices, and stronger political will are essential for realizing the EAC’s goal of a truly integrated labour market.

Recognizing obstetric violence is vital for protecting women's rights and ensuring respectful care; thus, midwifery students must be aware.The purpose of this study was to determine midwifery students’ knowledge of, and experience with, obstetric violence during labour. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2024. The participants were 258 midwifery students attending a state university who were taking part in clinical practice.Data were collected using both the Descriptive Information Form and Obstetric Violence Diagnosis Form. The mean age of the participants was 21.30 ± 2.21 years. 57% of students participated in birth; 17.4% witnessed violence. The following types of intervention were identified by participants as constituting obstetric violence:not adequately protecting the privacy of the pregnant woman (68.2%); pelvic examinations being conducted without consent (identified by 63.2% of the participants); restrictions of a patient’s freedom of movement (57.4%); and patients being forced into the lithotomy position (54.3%). Among verbal abuses toward women, ‘Stop complaining’ (64.3%) and ‘You don’t know how to push the baby (%63.6)’ were most common. Other examples of interventions which were not approved of by the participants include routine episiotomy ( 48%), episiotomy and suturing perineal tears without local anaesthesia (56.6% ).Overall, 31% of the students stated that obstetric violence was common in health institutions. In preventing obstetric violence, education, implementation of guidelines, respectful care protocols, legal regulations, and a patient-centered childbirth process are of critical importance.

Introduction. The start of a special military operation in 2022 led to a rethinking of the priorities for the development of subnational foreign relations and an aggravation of the problem of lack of interaction with Russia's closest partners, the former territories of the USSR, which actualizes the study of the features of the paradiplomacy in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of paradiplomatic relations with the regions of the former Soviet republics and their participation in the development of integration processes. Materials and Methods.The empirical basis of the study was formed by the available publications on the topic of interregional relations, the main documents regulating paradiplomatic relations, as well as materials from the websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, institutional platforms through which external relations between regions and cities are carried out. The following methods are applied: historical and descriptive, comparative and qualitative content analysis. Results.It has been revealed that the transition of the regions from solving purely practical development issues within the framework of a paradigm shift to participating in integration projects began after the growing interdependence required progressive movement towards the introduction of further mechanisms for the freedom of movement of people, goods and services. After 2022, the regions became more actively involved in paradiplomacy with the countries of the former Soviet Union, because they could help compensate for the lost supplies of goods, as well as fill the gap in cultural and leisure activities. It is determined that the objective prerequisites for interest in paradiplomacy in the post-Soviet space were the growth of interaction with business structures and societies in the wake of relocation, as well as demand from government structures. Discussion and Conclusion.The events of 2022 showed that there are significant limitations to paradiplomacy as a tool for influencing international relations, but it is a real tool for moving integration from below, through the involvement of local governments in solving common problems in the field of governance, socio-economic and problems related to cross-border threats in the post-Soviet space. The factors of trust in regional players as intermediaries of integration are the participation of representatives of non-governmental structures in projects of paradiplomacy, their focus on solving common development problems, taking into account territorial specifics. The results of the work can form the basis for further research, and will also be useful in developing foreign policy decisions by ministries and departments responsible for regional foreign relations in the post-Soviet space.

With comparatively new technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Spatial Computing,the range of interaction possibilities for theatrical performances is expanding considerably. While classical user interfaces are based on predefined visual compositions, VR applications can create highly dynamic scenarios in which the impact of established attention-guiding techniques has an uncertain effect on the user. Users often have a great deal of freedom of movement, which can make established attention-guiding approaches less effective. This study examines the challenges and solutions associated with attention-guiding in VR environments, particularly in the context of digital theater productions. The study focuses on the development and implementation of attention-guiding techniques for the VR performance Symmetry. Combining expert interviews, systematic research, and practical implementation, this research aims to identify non-intrusive and intuitive methods to effectively guide users’ attention. The results highlight the importance of visual cues, color saturation, and salience modulation to enhance user engagement and immersion while addressing the challenges posed by emerging technologies in the theatrical space.

The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of mechanisms for safeguarding social and humanitarian human rights during the Russo-Ukrainian war. It establishes that the legal regime of martial law permits restrictions on certain constitutional rights, including: freedom of movement through curfew implementation; free choice of residence through mandatory evacuations; freedom to leave Ukraine's territory for specific demographic groups; along with rights to work and education. The study reveals that effective humanitarian policy directly depends on identifying critical threats: to national identity, ethnopolitical tensions, historical memory manipulation, and instrumentalization of religious institutions for social destabilization. Consequently, the formation of a unified civic identity constitutes a fundamental objective of state humanitarian policy. The threat to Ukrainian national identity has emerged from societal ambivalence, characterized by the competition between pan-Russian imperial and European Ukrainian identities within Ukraine, alongside the resonance of "Russian world" ideology among certain population segments. Drawing on the Council of Europe's Needs Assessment Report "Social Rights in Ukraine during War," this study highlights the critical importance of safeguarding civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights during periods of armed conflict. The mass displacement of populations coupled with the systematic destruction of social infrastructure during warfare severely compromises people's ability to access education, employment opportunities, healthcare services, and other vital resources necessary for sustaining proper living conditions and means of subsistence.

The number of stroke patients is steadily increasing, highlighting the critical need for rehabilitation to restore motor function. The shortage of rehabilitation specialists and the repetitive nature of traditional exercises underscore the advantages of robotic systems. However, many existing rehabilitation robots are not adaptable to various therapeutic requirements. Modular robots, with their reconfigurability and ease of assembly, provide a practical solution. This study presents the design and development of a modular wrist rehabilitation robot, consisting of three identical modules that provide the necessary degrees of freedom for wrist movement. The modular structure allows for easy assembly, adjustment for different hand sizes, and adaptability to various configurations. To improve control performance, an impedance control strategy was implemented along with a gravity compensation method. Simulation results show that impedance control alone resulted in an RMS error of approximately 7 degrees, while adding gravity compensation reduced the maximum error to 0.79 degrees. The proposed controller was implemented on the robot and validated through experimental tests with individuals. The results confirmed that impedance control effectively facilitates interaction between the robot and the user, demonstrating the system's potential for improving rehabilitation outcomes.

Pressure comfort is important in ice speed-skating suit design, which is helpful to improving athletes’ performance. To enhance the functionality and comfort, this paper proposes a pattern adjustment method to satisfy the pressure requirement. The quantitative relationship between fabric mechanical properties, personalized body shape, pattern, and final pressure was studied. A pattern adjustment procedure was established based on pressure simulation via Laplacian Law. Compared to measured pressure, the simulated pressure tended to be consistent. It was feasible to use pressure as the target constraint to calculate the of the pattern. The adjusted pattern shows a good fitting result. The subjective evaluation of the sample suits fitting indicated that it had good pressure comfort and freedom of movement. It indicates that the pressure-oriented pattern adjustment method is appropriately adapting to individual body characteristics and satisfying pressure requirement. This work provides a scientific basis for personalized customization of ice speed-skating suits.

While studies in both high- and low-income settings have demonstrated the importance of early and regular antenatal care (ANC) utilization, evidence from crisis-affected populations remains limited. Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, face unique barriers to healthcare; previous studies have found low rates of ANC utilization. This study examines the predictors of number of visits and timing of initiation of ANC among pregnant Rohingya women in Cox's Bazar. Data came from a prenatal birth cohort study of "Intergenerational Risk and Resilience of Rohingya in Displacement" (iRRRd). Women (N = 2,322) were recruited during pregnancy between 2023 and 2024. ANC utilization was assessed via surveys at the birth follow-up visit with 2,065 new mothers. Primary outcomes included the number of ANC visits and the timing of the first visit. Predictors were categorized using the Andersen-Newman model (predisposing, enabling, and need factors). We used Poisson regression for number of visits, and logistic regression to analyze timing of first visit. The average number of ANC visits was 6.9 (SD = 2.6), with only 19.2% of women delaying care until after the first trimester. Women with one to three children reported fewer visits (IRR = 0.94, p = 0.01), as did those with more than three (IRR = 0.91, p = 0.02). Women with more years of education also showed higher number of visits (IRR = 1.015, p = 0.02) and higher likelihood of first trimester initiation (aOR = 0.891, p = 0.02) of ANC. More freedom of movement was associated with lower likelihood of delaying care (aOR = 0.871, p = 0.03), whereas higher self-rated health predicted delayed initiation (aOR = 1.187, p = 0.01). Socioeconomic indicators and education of relatives were not associated with ANC use. Receiving information via radio was unexpectedly associated with delayed initiation (aOR = 1.534, p = 0.03). Location of residence explained minimal variance (2%). ANC coverage in the Rohingya camps appears high, yet some groups remain at risk for delayed care. Feeling healthy, high parity, and restricted mobility contributed to late initiation. Conventional predictors like household resources showed limited relevance in this context. Further work is needed to better understand the quality of services and effective communication strategies to address remaining underutilization of ANC.

A prosthetic total joint replacement (TJR) may be indicated for patients who suffer from severe dysfunction or resorption of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Currently, the patient-specific or custom TMJ-TJR prosthesis options are plentiful. However, there is a lack of thorough (long term) follow-up studies. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the 3 to 7-year follow-up outcomes of the patient-specific Groningen temporomandibular joint total joint replacement (G-TMJ-TJR) prosthesis (Xilloc Medical®, Geleen, the Netherlands). Longitudinal assessments of surgical outcomes, changes in maximum interincisal opening (MIO), laterotrusion, protrusion and patient reported outcomes (PROMs) on functional mandibular impairment (MFIQ) and pain (VAS) were studied. These outcomes were collected preoperatively, and 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively for all included patients, while MIO, VAS pain and MFIQ were reported till up to 60 months postoperatively. Fourteen patients (13 female, 1 male) who had received a patient-specific G-TMJ-TJR, with a minimum follow-up period of 24 months, were included. The average age at implantation was 53.7 (sd 11.3) years. A patient-specific G-TMJ-TJR prosthesis was successfully implanted in all 14 patients without any mechanical failures or adverse effects during the minimum 2-year follow-up (mean 57 months) period. All G-TMJ-TJR devices were accurately implanted according to the 3D-VSP. There were no post-operative infections but temporary weakness of a facial nerve branch was reported by two patients. The median MIO increased from 19.5 to 30.0mm, while the median VAS pain (R: 0-10) score reduced from 7.2 to 0.9cm. The median MFIQ (R: 0-68) diminished from 47.0 to 9. Pain was relieved by the G-TMJ-TJR prosthesis in all but one patient with chronic pain. Protrusion and laterotrusion to both sides increased, indicating more freedom of movement in the operated joint and resulting in a more natural jaw movement. This study shows considerable functional improvement compared to a prior follow up of a former G-TMJ-TJR study. This indicates that thorough 3D planning, subsequent patient-specific modelling, and accurate guided placement of the G-TMJ-TJR improves clinical outcomes significantly.

Rail-structure interaction (RSI) analysis is critical for the design of transit bridges and viaducts carrying continuous welded rail. The rail and its supporting structures are subject to different temperature loads and usually have different freedom of movement. The bridge and rail system are connected, and this creates complex, non-linear interaction between the two systems. RSI analysis is prescribed by most transit agencies in North America, especially in the case of long elevated guideways or bridges with curvature and for elevated guideways with direct fixation (non-ballasted) track. There are few guidelines on numerical modeling of the system, and the basis of the small number of recommendations is not clear. There is no consensus in the design codes or literature about which parameters will control analysis or how these parameters should be defined in the analytical models. This study evaluates the impact of three key model inputs on representative transit bridges. The impacts of these parameters are studied through parametric analysis, keeping all other factors constant and examining the effects on axial rail stress, rail break gap, and substructure forces. This study provides guidance to transit structure designers to determine the best method for modeling their structure in a rational manner, with recommendations on how to model rail fastener spring type, spacing of fasteners, and fastener restraint force for tangent and curved alignments.

From Rigidity of a Closed Jaw to the Freedom of Movements: Lateral Arthroplasty with ADFG as a Minimally Invasive Alternative for He and Yang Type A2 and A3 TMJ Ankylosis

BackgroundOf the twelve youth prisons in the German Democratic Republic, known as Jugendhäuser, the one in Halle was notorious for the violence among its inmates. Self-harm in the form of suicides and attempted suicides had been common throughout the prison’s existence since 1971, but hunger strikes also became frequent in the 1980s. The aim of this paper is to explain the causes of self-harm in the Jugendhaus Halle, the risks for young people and the chances of achieving their goals, and to discuss a concept of “nonviolent” resistance in this context.MethodsWe analyzed the personal files of juvenile prisoners from the Archive of the Correctional Facility Halle and the Stasi Records Archive Halle concerning the situation and incidents in the Jugendhaus Halle. The historical-critical method was used to analyze these sources.ResultsMost of the youths involved in the hunger strikes were political prisoners who wanted to leave East Germany and felt their sentences were unjust. The hunger strikes usually lasted one or two days, but in persistent cases, the youths were force-fed. Suicide attempts were caused by abuse and humiliation. After medical treatment, those attempting were restrained in “chain beds.”ConclusionsWhile suicide attempts expressed despair, hunger strikes were frequent among political prisoners protesting their sentences and demanding freedom of movement. Self-harm as a resistance was largely ineffective and met with punitive measures. The idea of “nonviolent” resistance through self-harm is controversial, as it involves harming one’s own body and often provokes further violence by prison authorities.

ABSTRACT This article questions the prevailing narrative that Swiss migration policy underwent a ‘dramatic change’ with its Europeanization over the last three decades. Certainly, the move towards EU compatibility (Free movement of people, Schengen) has represented a deep break with Switzerland’s traditionally defensive approach to European migration. Looking at Swiss migration policy from the perspective of its effects on migrants reveals, however, remarkable continuities from the post-WWII period to this day. The article highlights the persistence of reproductive harm inflicted upon marginalized migrant women who are continuously silenced as speaking exposes them to further oppressions. Far from being contingent, these reproductive abuses form a structural feature of an exploitative migration regime whereby security, economic and gender logics act in synergic ways to attract migrants for their labour while preventing settlement. Such migration regime relies on a politics of obstructing family life, which disproportionally targets and affects women. The article centres migrant women’s voices and introduces the notion of ‘hindered parenting’. The latter serves as an epistemic framework that bridges the experiences of (European) seasonal workers’ wives in the 20th century and those of (non-EUropean) ‘undocumented’ domestic workers today, revealing how both have resisted and adapted to coercions affecting their reproductive autonomy.

Understanding how the brain processes sensory information and produces appropriate behavior is a fundamental question in neuroscience. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic device that allows for simultaneous observation of neural activity and behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) during chemosensory stimulation. Traditional methods often involve trade-offs between high-resolution neuronal imaging, behavioral recording, and the ability to apply chemical stimulation. Our innovative design overcomes these limitations by immobilizing the worm’s head, stabilizing neuronal imaging, while allowing the posterior portion of the body to move freely, enabling the study of naturalistic behaviors during chemical stimulation. We applied this device to investigate how C. elegans responds to both attractive and aversive chemical cues. By correlating neural activity with observed behavior, we identified neurons and whole-brain dynamics associated with specific movements. Our results demonstrate that providing the worm with greater freedom of movement results in more naturalistic neuronal and behavioral responses to stimuli, compared to fully immobilized setups. This new tool offers a powerful approach for studying how sensory information is processed in the C. elegans nervous system to generate behavior, with potential applications in other model organisms. Its versatility and ease of operation make this device broadly applicable for studying how neural circuits drive behavior and decision-making in complex environments.

This study examines the securitization strategy advanced by the UK government concerning Gibraltar’s sovereignty and its fraught relationship with Schengen membership in the post-Brexit period. The research focuses on border control methods and official statements and how Gibraltarians react to these measures as their main point of object referent. The research establishes new knowledge through its investigation of speech acts and public opinions and its evaluation of state actions which convert border matters into national security threats. The research uses qualitative case-study methodology to analyze secondary documents which include official statements and legislative instruments such as the Protocol on Gibraltar and related agreements and media reports and discourse analysis. The research reveals three connected systems which work together to achieve their goals: (1) Speech acts serve to validate British control over UK Overseas Territory; (2) Gibraltarians support British sovereignty yet they want to maintain their European freedom of movement; (3) The UK implements three exceptional border control systems which combine military patrols with dual identification checks and special border procedures to defend their sovereignty while creating more travel obstacles. The research establishes a direct link between political statements and actual border changes and institutional developments which shows that securitization like used as function to maintain current sovereignty structures (status quo) instead of creating lasting solutions for border movement. The research results include vital policy recommendations which impact multilevel negotiations that occur on the Iberian Peninsula

Background:According to the World Health Organization (WHO), implementing evidence-based care is vital for improving maternal and neonatal healthcare and outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an evidence-based labor and normal delivery management plan on childbirth satisfaction and experience among primiparous women.Materials and Methods:A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2023 at Sina Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, involving 256 primiparous women with term, singleton, and low-risk pregnancies. Participants were selected using non-probability sampling and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups (128 in each) through block randomization. The intervention included the use of the WHO Labor Care Guide, consideration of maternal preferences such as freedom of movement and positioning, nutritional choices, and the preservation of maternal dignity. Trained healthcare providers implemented the evidence-based labor and delivery management program for the intervention group. Maternal satisfaction was measured using the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale, and the childbirth experience was evaluated using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test.Results:The mean score for maternal satisfaction was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (t245.93 = 6.63, p < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in the average birth experience scores between the intervention and control groups (t254 = 8.57, p < 0.001).Conclusions:Evidence-based labor and normal delivery management enhances maternal satisfaction and fosters a more positive natural childbirth experience.

Introduction. Since its establishment in 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) – uniting Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation – has guaranteed the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour; today it has become a key instrument of economic integration, especially for Russia. The joint digitalisation of EAEU economies is viewed as a strategic avenue for deepening integration and mitigating external disintegration pressures. Over the past decades, the rapid spread of digital platforms as a new business model with powerful network effects has radically reshaped traditional industries. The present study offers a comprehensive analysis of digitalplatform phenomena within the context of Eurasian integration, addressing both theoretical aspects (definitions, classifications and core properties) and practical aspects (drivers of formation, current state and prospects for platformeconomy development in EAEU member states). Materials and methods. The research employs a mixed approach that integrates theoretical and empirical analysis of digitalplatform development in the EAEU. The theoretical section reviews the essence of digital platforms alongside diverse scholarly approaches to their definition and classification. The empirical section examines the preconditions for platform formation, the current state of the platform economy across the Union, the results achieved to date, persisting challenges and prospects for further growth. The study draws upon the author’s dissertation materials as well as peerreviewed Russian and international sources, including statistical reports and analytical reviews, ensuring the reliability and relevance of the findings. Results of the study. The rapid emergence of the EAEU platform economy has been driven by global digitalisation trends, lower transaction costs in ecommerce compared with traditional trade, rising digital literacy, broad Internet penetration and accessible bigdata analytics tools. Platform development in the region has progressed in stages and, by the mid2020s, has reached a mature growth phase. A pronounced development asymmetry was identified: Russia leads the platform sector, whereas smaller economies (e.g., Armenia and Kyrgyzstan) lag behind in coverage, infrastructure and investment. Discussion and conclusion. In recent years digital platforms have shown steady positive dynamics in the EAEU, becoming an engine of regional economic integration and sustaining the expansion of mutual trade even under external pressure. Nevertheless, several bottlenecks hamper further progress, including regulatory fragmentation, infrastructure gaps and intercountry disparities. Coordinated measures are required – notably the adoption and implementation of a supranational Agreement on Electronic Commerce to harmonise platform rules, coupled with continued investment in core connectivity and logistics infrastructure. These steps are expected to create, in the near future, a unified EAEU digital space where platforms weave national markets into a single ecosystem, enhancing overall competitiveness and resilience to external shocks.

ABSTRACTIntroductionOlder adults living in institutional long‐term care benefit from engaging in physical activity adapted to their functioning. Despite evidence of solutions to promote physical activity, recurrent evidence shows that older adults spend their time sedentary. More in‐depth knowledge is needed about the current state of promoting the physical activity of older adults in institutional long‐term care for improved practice in the future. We aimed to increase the understanding of older adults' physical activity promotion in institutional long‐term care by investigating how, how much and by whom older adults' physical activity is promoted.MethodsThis is a concurrent mixed‐method case study using data from a larger research project performed in an institutional, full‐time, long‐term care unit in Finland. Thirteen older adults and 12 staff members participated. Data were collected through focus groups, interviews, patient record transcripts and actigraphy between May and October 2023. A mixed‐method analysis was conducted using the framework ‘Following a thread’. Separate analyses of datasets were conducted, including analyses of qualitative and quantitative data using reflexive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Analytical questions were identified and further explored using all datasets to synthesise findings.ResultsFour themes were developed: (1) lack of physical activity, (2) plans for physical activity promotion, (3) nurses' role in activity promotion and (4) accessibility and freedom of movement.ConclusionCurrent activity promotion is not sufficient for older adults to achieve the benefits of physical activity for their health and functioning. Improvements are needed in delivering sufficient physical activities. Nurses' role in activity promotion should be developed to include care‐integrated activities, spontaneous and organised activities and instrumental activities of daily living for older adults. Interprofessional work to promote activity could be used more. Stimulating elements in the physical environment and increasing freedom of movement could produce improvements in physical activity. Improvements in activity promotion can potentially be achieved with simple strategies and low additional costs.