Fragaria Research Articles (Page 1)

According to current taxonomic consensus, the genus Fragaria L. (family Rosaceae) comprises nine recognized species: Fragaria × ananassa (Duchartre ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier, Fragaria bucharica Losinsk., Fragaria viridis subsp. campestris (Steven) Pael., Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill., Fragaria moschata Duchesne ex Weston, Fragaria orientalis Losinsk., Fragaria vesca L., Fragaria virginiana Mill., and Fragaria viridis Duchartre. Within the flora of Kazakhstan, two species are of particular significance: F. vesca L. and F. viridis Weston. The genus Fragaria L. is notable for its high content of diverse classes of biologically active compounds, which exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities. This review focuses on two Fragaria species native to the flora of Kazakhstan: F. vesca L. and F. viridis Weston. It summarizes recent advances in their botanical characterization, phytochemical profiling, extraction methodologies, and biological activities. Available evidence indicates that the phytochemical composition of extracts obtained from these species is modulated by a range of environmental and biological factors. These include habitat conditions, climate variability, chemotypic diversity, and the specific extraction protocols applied. Particular emphasis is placed on modern extraction techniques and the identification of low-molecular-weight metabolites. These include anthocyanins, volatile organic compounds, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which contribute significantly to the observed biological effects. The review findings support the relevance of continued research into the potential application of these species as sources for the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic agents. In addition, they highlight their promise for use in the formulation of biologically active compounds intended for food supplements and cosmetic products.

The current state of wild plant populations is of particular interest because it provides data necessary both for preserving the gene pool and for identifying adaptive responses for subsequent use in breeding. The study was aimed at assessing the vitality of coenopopulations of two diploid species of the genus Fragaria L. – F. viridis (Duchesne) Weston and F. vesca L. growing in Southern Siberia in different ecological conditions. The study of coenopopulations vitality has been carried out using the gradient analysis method and the index of vitality of coenopopulation (IVC). We assessed the vitality of 35 coenopopulations, identified favorable and negative ecological and phytocoenotic growing conditions for both species. The ecological plasticity of the species F. viridis was assessed. The affiliation of each species to an ecological group depending on the moisture factor was revealed. The obtained research results expand knowledge about the biomorphometric characteristics of the species of the genus Fragaria L.

Strawberry (fragaria ananassa Duch), is among the most important berry fruits, that belongs to the family Rosacea and genus Fragaria. A number of viruses are known to infect strawberry reducing its yield drastically. Field survey was conducted to figure out the status of viral diseases in strawberry crop of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The survey result revealed the incidence and prevalence of viruses infecting strawberries in district Swat during the growing season 2021-22. Symptoms like mosaic, necrosis, chlorosis, crinkling, reddish discoloration of leaves and petioles were observed in all the strawberry growing areas surveyed. DAS-ELISA results also confirmed the presence of Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV), Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) and Tomato ring spot virus (ToRSV) in strawberries of district Swat. The highest average disease incidence (14.7 %) was recorded for SLRSV followed by SMYEV and ToRSV (14 % each). In a single field, the highest SLRSV incidence as high as 20.0 % at village Sherpalam tehsil Matta, whereas the least disease incidence was recorded at village Baghderai tehsil Khwaza Khela (11.7 %). Maximum disease incidence of SMYEV in any single area was recorded 16.7 % also at village Sherpalam tehsil Matta followed by 15 % infection at village Baghderai tehsil Khwaza khela, the lowest disease incidence of 11.7 % was recorded at village Duresh khela tehsil Matta. The highest recorded ToRSV disease incidence in single individual area was 16.7 % again at village Sherpalam tehsil Matta whereas the lowest incidence was recorded 11.7 % at Khwaza khela, district Swat. In viral disease management experiment, among the three insecticides used to control aphid vector Butler was comparatively better in controlling the aphid vector and hence the virus transmission. The order to effectiveness of different insecticides in management of viruses was Butler, Actara, and Bolton with highest number of aphids (24.51) and high disease incidence (25.67 %) recorded in control where no insecticide was used. From the data it is concluded that the insecticide butler gives best result against aphids followed by Actara and Bolton.

Background. Overwintering is a critical factor for strawberry cultivation in Russia. Those Fragaria L. spp. that grow in the Asian regions of Russia with an extreme continental climate, which have so far been little studied and are poorly involved in breeding practice, can serve as sources of winter hardiness. The objective of the study was to identify sources of high winter hardiness among the genus Fragaria L. under artificial climate conditions.Materials and methods. Experiments to assess winter hardiness in 17 Fragaria accessions were conducted in an artificial climate chamber in the winters of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 according to the guidelines of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Three components of winter hardiness were studied: early-winter frost resistance, the ability to maintain frost resistance after midwinter thaws, and the same ability at the end of the winter season.Results. Five accessions from the Asian part of Russia showed the highest average scores of resistance: 3 accessions of F. mandshurica Staudt, one of F. viridis (Duchesne) Weston, and cv. ‘Aleksandra’ developed at the Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The first four had a summergreen phenorhythmotype, i.e., they entered the winter with browned leaves. Those accessions withstood the low temperatures in the early winter and remained resistant to frosts after the midwinter thaw; however, some of them lost their post-thaw frost resistance by the end of the winter. For such accessions from regions with a clear seasonal temperature course, even a brief temperature increase means the onset of spring and causes rapid unhardening.Conclusion. The species F. mandshurica and F. viridis can make a valuable contribution to the enhancement of winter hardiness in strawberry cultivars.

Fragaria iinumae, a diploid progenitor species of octoploid strawberries, likely occupies a basal position within the genus Fragaria. In this study, we report a near-complete genome assembly of F. iinumae v2.0, totaling 241.14 Mb with a contig N50 of 33.31 Mb. We identified 14 telomeric and 7 centromeric regions across its seven chromosomes. Compared to previous assemblies, F. iinumae v2.0 demonstrates substantial improvements in both genome continuity (gaps reduced from 29 to 0) and annotation completeness, including the annotation of 4,144 new genes and 395 new gene clusters. Notably, several large structural variants were identified between the F. iinumae v1.0 and F. iinumae v2.0 genomes, with most gaps in the v1.0 assembly overlapping with structural variant breakpoints. Additionally, we found a significant expansion of telomeric repeats in the B subgenome of octoploid strawberries compared to F. iinumae. Interestingly, two telomeres consistently exhibited low repeat abundance in both the diploid and octoploid B subgenomes, suggesting significant contraction early in the evolution of F. iinumae. Furthermore, through multiple lines of genomic evidence—including phylogenetic analyses, genetic distance matrices, a burst of LTR insertions, and the distribution of NLR resistance genes, we conclude that F. iinumae may represent an early-diverging lineage within the strawberry genus. This updated assembly provides a crucial genomic resource for understanding of the origin and structural dynamics of the strawberry genus and facilitates further exploration of genome-wide consequences of polyploidy.

Auxin is the first plant hormone found to play a dominant role in fruit growth, from fruit set to fruit ripening. Strawberry plants represent a suitable model for studying auxin’s biosynthesis, sensing, and signaling machinery. Aux/IAA genes are a classical rapid auxin-responsive family. However, the Aux/IAA gene family in Fragaria genus is poorly understood. In this study, a total of 287 Aux/IAA genes were identified in the eight strawberry genomes. Their physicochemical properties, domain structure, and cis-regulatory elements revealed the functional multiplicity of the strawberry Aux/IAAs. We used a phylogenetic analysis to classify these genes into 12 classes. In addition, based on synteny analysis, gene duplications, and calculation of the Ka/Ks ratio, we found that segmental duplications promote the evolution of Aux/IAAs in Fragaria species, which is followed by purifying selection. Furthermore, the expression pattern and protein–protein interaction network of these genes in Fragaria vesca revealed various tissue-specific expressions and probable regulatory functions. Taken together, these results provide basic genomic information and a functional analysis of these genes, which will serve to expand our understanding of the direction in which the Aux/IAA gene family is evolving in Fragaria species.

The strawberry (genus Fragaria) is a plant from the rose family (Rosaceae). As the fruits are likely to be picked mechanically, they are grown close to consumption centers. The aim of this work was to develop a suitable method for detecting as many molecules as possible in order to be able to distinguish between different strawberry cultivars and geographical origins in the future. Whole strawberries of the "Albion" cultivar, grown in the Jagodica Purgerica region of Zagreb, were used. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in SCAN mode was used to analyze the aroma profile and to determine the proportion of individual components. The samples were prepared and analyzed using the solid-phase microextraction method (SPME). The impact of SPME fiber selection and GC column type was investigated, as well as sample weight, ionic strength, agitation temperature, and sampling time. A higher ionic strength was achieved by adding a 20% NaCl solution to the sample. The aroma profile of the studied strawberry cultivar consisted of furanone, esters, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. Optimal results were achieved by adjusting the ionic strength during 15 min of extraction and incubation. The individual compounds were identified using NIST, Wiley libraries, and the "area normalization" method.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), but the species causing this disease in Germany have not been investigated based on modern systematics. By using multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, act, gapdh, chs-1, his3, tub2), 58 Colletotrichum isolates from previous and recent collections, obtained mainly from fruit anthracnose of cultivated strawberries in Germany, were identified or re-identified as C. fioriniae, C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae (C. acutatum species complex) as well as C. anthrisci and C. lineola (C. dematium complex). Colletotrichum nymphaeae was dominant; most of the isolates belonged to one clonal lineage that occurs on strawberries throughout Europe, the United States of America, and some African and Asian countries. One of the other two haplotypes was distantly related and only represented by recently collected material. All other species, each of one haplotype, had only been isolated once or twice from German strawberries. This is the first report of C. anthrisci in Germany and for the genus Fragaria worldwide; all the other isolated fungi are newly reported for this genus in Germany. Comparisons of morphological characteristics of the species identified demonstrate that these features are of limited use for identification, even to species complex level. In pathogenicity tests, all five species caused anthracnose symptoms on ripe fruit of Fragaria × ananassa ‘Asia’.

Strawberries are classified as pseudofruits and are included in the genus Fragaria. There are several cultivars and hybrids of strawberries, with different lengths, diameters, colors and flavors. This study aimed to evaluate biostimulants and bioactivators in the development of morphological reproductive parameters in Fragaria vesca strawberry pseudofruits. The experiment was carried out in the field in pots, with two biostimulants (Stingray and ST Pro) and a bioactivator (Biozyme) inoculated into strawberry seeds. The evaluation parameters were length, diameter, fresh mass and dry mass of pseudofruits at the commercial maturity stage. The Stingray biostimulant proved to be an excellent biostimulant option with satisfactory results for pseudofruit length with an average of 3.87 cm, average diameter of 2.83 cm and fresh mass with an average of 13.49 g per fruit-1. The biostimulants and bioactivator have positive effects on the strawberry crop (Fragaria vesca).

Strawberry is a hybrid species of the genus Fragaria that is widely grown worldwide, especially in cool climate areas and are widely cultivated for their fruit. It is one of the important horticultural crops grown in many parts of the world. Strawberries can be grown using organic fertilizers under different mulching technique. This study investigated the growth and yield performance of strawberries to various application of organic fertilizers (vermicast, vermicompost and vermitea) and mulching materials (rice hull and plastic mulch). Planting materials were taken from a healthy, disease-free strawberry (Shoga) and carried out in Split Plot Factorial Design replicated four times. Strawberry plants applied with vermicompost resulted in significantly high percentage survival (99.16%), plant height (21.61 cm) and number of runners (3.93) compared to plants applied with vermicast and vermitea. Moreover, strawberry plants under plastic mulch condition had the highest growth and yield performance in terms of plant height (21.07 cm), number of runners (4.19), number of leaves (6.57) and total number of marketable fruits (48.10). Based on these results, strawberry applied with vermicompost under plastic mulch condition are recommended. Moreover, results can serve as basis for strawberry growers to use effective yet less expensive fertilizer particularly in tropical Philippines.

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis Mag. (syn. Podosphaera aphanis Wallr.)) is a dangerous disease of strawberry (Fragaria L.). The resistance of strawberry to powdery mildew is controlled polygenically. Several genetic loci with a large contribution to disease resistance have been identified in various strawberry varieties. Diagnostic DNA markers have been developed for QTL 08 To-f. They showed a high level of reliable gene detection in mapping populations. The purpose of this study was assessment of a strawberry genetic collection for resistance to powdery mildew and identification of promising strawberry forms for breeding for resistance to S. macularis. The objects of the study were wild species of the genus Fragaria L., varieties and selected seedlings of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) created in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, and strawberry varieties introduced from various ecological and geographical regions. To identify QTL 08 To-f, DNA markers IB535110 and IB533828 were used. Locus 08 To-f was detected in 23.2 % of the analyzed strawberry genotypes, including wild species F. moschata and F. orientalis, strawberry varieties of Russian breeding (Bylinnaya and Sudarushka) and foreign breeding (Florence, Korona, Malwina, Ostara, Polka and Red Gauntlet). The correlation between the presence of markers IB535110 and IB533828 and phenotypic resistance (powdery mildew effect on strawberry plants is absent) was 0.649. The determination coefficient (R2 ) showing the contribution of the studied locus to the manifestation of the trait was 0.421, that is, in 42.1 % of cases resistance was explained by the presence of QTL 08 To-f, and in 57.9 % of cases, by other genetic factors. All strawberry genotypes with locus 08 To-f were characterized by high field resistance to S. macularis in the conditions of Michurinsk, Tambov region. Thus, locus 08 To-f is promising for conferring resistance on local powdery mildew races, and markers IB535110 and IB533828 can be used in marker-assisted breeding programs to create powdery mildewresistant strawberry genotypes.

Strawberries are a hybrid plant species of the genus Fragaria. This plant is a popular plant that is often well cultivated throughout the world. Fruits have special characteristics, especially in shape, color, texture, taste and aroma. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the marketing mix on purchasing decisions for strawberries and to determine the dominant marketing mix influencing purchasing decisions for strawberries in Pandanrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The research location is in the Strawberry Barn, Pandanrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. Determination of the sample in this study using accidental sampling with the Slovin formula, the sample in this study amounted to 60 respondents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the marketing mix on purchasing decisions of strawberries and to determine the dominant marketing mix influencing purchasing decisions of strawberries The results of this study indicate that the independent variable of the marketing mix (X) has a significant effect on the dependent variable on the purchasing decision of strawberries (Y). Product variables (X1), price (X2), promotion (X3), and place (X4) have a partial effect on purchasing decisions for strawberries (Y). The dominant variable influencing the decision to buy strawberries is the place variable (X4). This is because the beta coefficient value of the place variable is greater than the product beta coefficient (X1), price (X2), and promotion (X3)

Fragaria genus has a worldwide distribution and different ploidy levels. The only wild Fragaria species described in Chile is the octoploid Fragaria chiloensis. In a group of Fragaria accessions from southern Chile including Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. patagonica individuals, an accession named Fragaria-MEN, caught our attention because it shows notable phenotypic differences compared to the rest of the accessions. Fragaria-MEN was collected near the Menetue hot springs (Araucania Region, Chile) and differs from the other F. chiloensis plants mainly in leaf morphology. Due to these differences, we carried out a full morphology description of Fragaria-MEN individuals and then a characterization of the chromosomes and genome size to verify the ploidy level. Morphological analysis reveals close vegetative and reproductive characteristics shared with the non-native diploid Fragaria vesca ‘Hawaii’ species. We also observed a DNA amount according to the diploidy (2n = 2× = 14) revealed by cytological analysis of chromosomes. We propose Fragaria-MEN as F. vesca population that should have been introduced and now is naturalized in the Araucania Region of Chile.

Suppressing the rhamnogalacturonan lyase gene FaRGLyase1 preserves RGI pectin degradation and enhances strawberry fruit firmness

A review of the tribe Potentilleae Sweet (except for Alchemilla L.) in the flora of the Republic of Dagestan with an identification key is presented. According to preliminary data, the tribe includes 8 genera and 36 species. Genus Potentilla L. is the most numerous and numbers 26 species. Among them, P. assalemica Soják is a new species for Russia, P. pedata Willd. ex Hornem. is reported for Dagestan for the first time, P. daghestanica Soják is a subendemic of the study region, which was omitted from the earlier published «Conspectus of the flora of Dagestan» (CFD). In the flora of Dagestan, the genera Fragaria L. and Sibbaldia L. consist of 3 and 2 species respectively; Aphanes L., Argentina Hill, Dasiphora Raf., Drymocallis Fourr. ex Rydb. and Sibbaldianthe Juz. include one species each. For some botanical-geographical regions of Dagestan new findings are given, including Potentilla adenophylla Boiss. and P. ruprechtii Boiss., subendemics of the Caucasus. Compared with CFD, Potentilla is considered here in a strict sense, with separation of such genera as Argentina, Dasiphora, Drymocallis, and Sibbaldianthe.

Berry fruits are a rich source of phytonutrients, especially phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties. Among these fruits, the most cultivated and consumed are those of the genus Fragaria (Strawberries) and Rubus (Raspberries, blackberries, dewberries), which have been widely studied for their beneficial effects on human and animal health. One of the most important bioactive compounds of these fruits are anthocyanins, which have shown potential benefits for health by their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Therefore, the study of anthocyanins is of great pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest. The objective of this research is to analyze the biokinetic mechanisms of anthocyanins in Rubus adenotrichos and Fragaria x ananassa produced in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. For this purpose, research strategies that included the extraction and quantification of anthocyanins, as well as bioinformatic tools to understand their biosynthetic pathway in the mentioned fruits were used. The use of informatic platforms allowed to identify the regulatory genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in R. adenotrichos and F. x ananassa, finding that most are common, with some specific differences, and that there are only a few exceptions, such as the enzymes catechol-O-methyltransferase (OMT), UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), which only occur in Rubus adenotrichos and not in Fragaria x ananassa.

Aim and Study: The garden strawberry is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus Fragaria, collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red colour, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as jam, juice, pies, ice cream, milkshakes, and chocolates. The present investigation was done to understand the plant growth, fruit yield and quality of strawberry using different combinations of treatment using organic, inorganics and bio-fertilizers.
 Methodology: The experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj during the Winter season of 2022 with a view to identify the effects of different combinations of organics, inorganics and biofertilizers nutrition and its role in growth, yield and quality of fruit of strawberry Cultivar Winter drawn. The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications with different combination in Trichocapsules (Trichodex) and application of organic nutrition.
 Results and Conclusion: The study showed positive responses of strawberry Cv. Winter Dawn to application of Trichocapsules in enhancing the vegetative growth, yield, quality of fruits and showed a better resistance to disease incidence. Based on growth, yield, quality parameters Treatment T6 (Vermicompost + Trichocapsules @ 400ppm) was found best in this research experiment.

The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cv. Winter dawn is a significant fruit within the Fragaria genus and is classified under the Rosaceae family. There is a growing trend in adopting strawberry cultivation even in subtropical conditions. However, there is still a need to promote the standardization of agricultural techniques for strawberry cultivation in subtropical regions to increase production while maintaining quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different bioinoculants and bioenhancers on the vegetative growth and yield of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cv. Winter dawn transplanted during the winter season of 2022-23 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment comprised of nine treatments viz. T0- CONTROL (RDF), T1- Azotobacter @400g/100m², T2- PSB @400g/100m², T3- Jeevamrit (3 times diluted with non- chlorinated water) @250ml/l, T4- Amritpani (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l, T5- Azotobacter @400g/100m² + Jeevamrit (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l, T6- PSB @400g/100m² + Amritpani (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l, T7- Jeevamrit (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l+ Amritpani (3 times diluted with non- chlorinated water) @250ml/l + Azotobacter @ 400g/100m², T8- Jeevamrit (3 times diluted with non- chlorinated water) @250ml/l + Amritpani (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l + PSB @400g/100m². The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that the treatment T7 (Jeevamrit (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l + Amritpani (3 times diluted with non-chlorinated water) @250ml/l + Azotobacter @ 400g/100m²) was found to be best in terms of Vegetative growth viz., Plant height (25.67cm), Plant spread (27.00cm (E-W), 27.00cm (N-S)), Petiole length (12.00cm), No. of leaves per plant (22.00), Chlorophyll content (60.69), Days to first flowering (40.67), No. of fruits (16.00), No. of flowers (19.00), Fruit set (84.18%), and Fruit yield (2.13Kg) of strawberries.

Strawberry is a sweet and fragrant fruit that is popular all over the world. It belongs to the genus Fragaria and is known for its bright red colour, juicy texture, and characteristic aroma. The present investigation was laid out on the experimental site of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj (UP), during 2022-2023. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments with different combinations of RDF and chitosan replicated thrice with 4 plants per replication in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded for vegetative growth, yield and quality of strawberry variety Winter Dawn.The statistical analysis indicated significant variation among the different treatments in terms of growth parameters. The treatment labeled as T10 (RDF + Chitosan spray 4g/L at 45, 90, and 120 DAP) demonstrated the highest values for vegetative parameters such as the number of leaves (26.50), plant height (18.10 cm), and plant spread in both east-west and north-south directions (26.15). Similarly, T10 also exhibited the maximum values for fruit characteristics, including fruit length (5.63 cm), fruit diameter (3.95 cm), and fruit weight (30.23 g). In terms of yield, T10 recorded the highest yield (341.25 g) among all the treatments, followed by T9 (RDF + Chitosan spray 3g/L at 45, 90, and 120 DAP).

Introgressive hybridization is widespread in wild plants and has important consequences. However, frequent hybridization between species makes the estimation of the species' phylogeny challenging, and little is known about the genomic landscape of introgression as it results from complex interactions of multiple evolutionary processes. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of ten wild diploid strawberries with whole genome resequencing data and then investigated the influence of recombination rate variation on phylogeny and introgression. We found that genomic regions with low recombination showed reduced levels of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, and concentrated phylogenetic signals, thus contributing to the most likely species tree of wild diploid strawberries. We revealed complex and widespread introgression across the genus Fragaria, with an average proportion of approximately 4.1% of the extant genome. Introgression tends to be retained in the regions with high recombination rates and low gene density. Furthermore, we identified four SLF genes under selective sweeps that may play potential roles in the possible regain of self-incompatibility by ancient introgression. Altogether, our study yielded novel insights into the evolutionary history and genomic characteristics of introgression in wild diploid strawberries and provides evidence for the role of introgression in plant mating system transitions.