FOX Program Research Articles

The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Program Cochlear Implants.

Cochlear implant (CI) technology and techniques have advanced over the years. There has not been the same degree of change in programming and there remains a lack of standardization techniques. The purpose of this study is to compare performance in cochlear implant subjects using experienced clinician (EC) standard programming methods versus an Artificial Intelligence, FOX based algorithm for programming. Prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study using within-subject experimental design SETTING:: Tertiary referral centers. Fifty-five adult patients with ≥ 3 months experience with a Nucleus 5, 6, Kanso, or 7 series sound processor. Therapeutic Main Outcome Measures: CNC words and AzBio sentences in noise (+10 dB SNR) tests were administered in a soundproof booth followed by a direct connect psychoacoustic battery using the EC program. Tests were repeated 1 month later using the optimized FOX program. Subjective measures of patient satisfaction were also measured. Performance for the EC program was compared to the FOX program for both measures. Group mean results revealed equivalent performance (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA p = 0.934) with both programming methods. While some patients had better performance with the FOX method and some performed more poorly, the majority had equivalent performance and preferred the FOX system. The study demonstrated that on average, FOX outcomes are equivalent to those using traditional programming techniques. In addition, the FOX programming method can effect standardization across centers and increase access for many individuals who could benefit.

Synthesis, structural, spectral, and anticancer activity by computational molecular docking studies of the complexes [M(II)(Th)2(H2O)4] M(II) = Cd(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II); Th: Theophyllinate

The aqua theophyllinate complexes of general formula [M(II)(Th)2(H2O)4] M(II) = Cd(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II), Th: theophyllinate, were prepared and characterized by the X-Ray diffraction analysis using the Fox program, infrared, UV–visible and TGA/DTA. These complexes were crystallized in the monoclinic system (P 21/C). Moreover, the asymmetric unit of complexes contains one-half metal ion, one theophillinate anion and two coordinated water molecules. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds: OH⋯O, OH⋯N interactions are together playing a vital role in the stabilization of the crystal packing of all theophyllinate complexes. Additionally, molecular modelings of prepared complexes were investigated to study the expected anticancer activities of the prepared complexes. The results of molecular docking show that the complexes have a good affinity towards the protein kinase CK2.

Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, X-ray powder diffraction data and biological activity of mixed transition metal complexes with oxalato and theophylline ligands

The new series of divalent metal complexes [M(ox)(thy)2]; M = Cd2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, with mixed ligands oxalato (ox) and theophylline (thy) were prepared and characterized by molar conductance, FT-IR, UV–visible, 1H and 13C NMR and X-ray structure analysis. The crystal structure including the positions of the Zn (II) complex was determined by powder diffraction analysis using the FOX program. In the structure of zinc complex, the zinc (II) cations are octahedrally coordinated by two terminals N-bonding for theophylline ligand and by the O atoms of two oxalato bidentate ligand, resulting in discrete and slightly distorted octahedral complex. This complex was crystallized in the monoclinic system (C1 2/c1) space group and the unit cell parameters are a = 11.8364(1)Å, b = 4.5200(1)Å, c = 9.9942(1)Å with β (°) = 126.4770(2)°. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes was studied and the results of their tests show that the metal (II) complexes are more effective against several of bacterial and fungal strains.

Agenda Setting in the Partisan TV News Context

This study examines the agenda setting of candidates’ attributes and its relationship with polarized candidate evaluation among TV news viewers. Content analyses of candidates’ affective attributes during the 2012 presidential election indicate partisan imbalance from CNN’s Anderson Cooper and Fox’s Special Report. NBC Nightly News was relatively balanced. Watching a particular program was positively associated with attribute agenda setting by each program. Also, agenda setting by the Fox program was positively related to viewers’ polarized candidate evaluations, whereas agenda setting by the NBC program was negatively associated. Implications of the partisan TV news context for agenda-setting theory are discussed.

Crystal structures of 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) and dicarboxylic acids complexes determined from single‐crystal and powder diffraction data

New complexes of DMAN proton sponge with 3 dicarboxylic acids (dca): glutaric {1}, suberic {2} and dodecanedioic acid {3} were obtained. The structures of the complexes {1,2} were solved on the basis of laboratory powder data, while the structure of {3} was solved using single crystal methods. The additional goal of the study was to test some new approaches to organic crystal structure solution from powder diffraction data, particularly with presence of molecules with high number of internal rotational degrees of freedom (dca molecules). Performance of structure solution using the popular FOX program was tested with alternative definitions of flexible dca molecules.

"Aquí la PROGRESA está muy dura": Estado, negociación e identidad entre familias indígenas rurales

Este ensayo analiza —en la intersección entre lo macro y lo micro— los conflictos, las transformaciones y los procesos dinámicos y contradictorios que un programa de gobierno produce, enfrenta y genera en su instrumentación en un espacio local. El programa es el PROGRESA, el programa zedillista y ahora foxista de "combate a la pobreza", adoptado a partir de 1997 por el gobierno federal; programa representativo de las actuales políticas públicas dirigidas a promover el "bienestar social" en espacios rurales donde el campesinado indígena constituye el tejido social predominante. Como es sabido, este programa privilegia a la educación, la salud, la alimentación y la nutrición como campos de intervención directa del Estado para mejorar la calidad de vida y abatir la pobreza. El espacio local es una comunidad campesina indígena de Oaxaca de la cual, por motivos obvios de confidencialidad, cambio el nombre.

Ab‐initio Structure Determination of the New Ion Conductor K2Al2O3F2 from Powder Diffraction Data

AbstractThe crystal structure of K2Al2O3F2, prepared at 800 °C by ceramic methods, was determined from conventional laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m (No. 12) with a = 11.21675(8), b = 8.16351(6), c = 6.12301(5) Å β = 88.8108(6) ° and Z = 4. Unit cell and space group suggestions were found by using the TOPAS program. Starting positional parameters for potassium and aluminum atoms were obtained from 548 reflections by the methods implemented in the FOX program. Oxygen and fluorine atom positions were determined by structural considerations. The structure was refined using the fundamental parameter approach of TOPAS, which gave the final residuals (%) RBragg = 1.6 and Rwp = 4.6. The crystal structure consists of individual layers of oxygen connected AlO3F tetrahedral groups with the fluorine atoms separating the layers. Empirical energy calculations agree with the crystal structure refinements and suggest no or little oxygen–fluorine exchange. Between and perpendicular to the sheets, the potassium ion can move without steric hindrance. Conductivity measurements from room temperature to 300 °C show decent potassium ion conductivity.

New barium 4-carboxyphenylphosphonates: Synthesis, characterization and interconversions

Three new barium 4-carboxyphenylphosphonates with formulae Ba(HOOCC 6H 4PO 3H) 2, BaH(OOCC 6H 4PO 3), and Ba 3(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) 2·2H 2O were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that depending on the acidity of the reaction medium, Ba(HOOCC 6H 4PO 3H) 2 can be converted to Ba 3(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) 2·2H 2O and vice versa. As an intermediate in these reactions, BaH(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) is formed. The infrared spectra of these compounds were compared with analogous strontium compounds prepared and described previously and the position of the acidic hydrogen atom in BaH(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) is deduced from the spectra. The structure of Ba(HOOCC 6H 4PO 3H) 2 was solved from X-ray powder diffraction data by an ab initio method using a FOX program with subsequent Rietveld refinement in the FullProf program. The compound is monoclinic, space group C2/ c (No. 15), a = 49.382(1), b = 5.5196(1), c = 8.4977(2) Å, β = 127.52(1)°, and Z = 4. This compound has a layered structure built up from CPO 3 phosphonate tetrahedra and BaO 8 distorted tetragonal antiprisms and thus forming layers in the bc plane with organic groups pointing to the interlayer space.

FoxGrid – multi PC execution support for powder diffraction structure solution by Fox program

FoxGrid – multi PC execution support for powder diffraction structure solution by Fox program

Carrier Cell-based Delivery of an Oncolytic Virus Circumvents Antiviral Immunity

Oncolytic viruses capable of tumor-selective replication and cytolysis have shown early promise as cancer therapeutics. However, the host immune system remains a significant obstacle to effective systemic administration of virus in a clinical setting. Here, we demonstrate the severe negative impact of the adaptive immune response on the systemic delivery of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in an immune-competent murine tumor model, an effect mediated primarily by the neutralization of injected virions by circulating antibodies. We show that this obstacle can be overcome by administering virus within carrier cells that conceal viral antigen during delivery. Infected cells were delivered to tumor beds and released virus to infect malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. Repeated administration of VSV in carrier cells to animals bearing metastatic tumors greatly improved therapeutic efficacy when compared with naked virion injection. Whole-body molecular imaging revealed that carrier cells derived from solid tumors accumulate primarily in the lungs following intravenous injection, whereas leukemic carriers disseminate extensively throughout the body. Furthermore, xenogeneic cells were equally effective at delivering virus as syngeneic cells. These findings emphasize the importance of establishing cell-based delivery platforms in order to maximize the efficacy of oncolytic therapeutics.

Synthesis and characterization of new strontium 4-carboxyphenylphosphonates

Several new strontium 4-carboxyphenylphosphonates, i.e., two modifications of Sr(HOOCC 6H 4PO 3H) 2, SrH(OOCC 6H 4PO 3)·H 2O, Sr 3(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) 2·4H 2O and Sr 3(OOCC 6H 4PO 3) 2·5.7H 2O were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the compositions of these compounds depend on the acidity of the reaction medium. In addition, the presented compounds are interconvertible in dependence on pH. The position of the acid hydrogen atom in SrH(OOCC 6H 4PO 3)·H 2O was determined from the IR spectra of the studied compounds. The structure of the β modification of Sr(HOOCC 6H 4PO 3H) 2 was solved from its X-ray powder diffraction pattern using an ab initio method (the FOX program) with subsequent Rietveld refinement in the FULLPROF program. The compound is monoclinic, with the space group P2 1/ c (No. 14), a=49.88(2), b=7.867(2), c=5.602(3) Å, β=128.68(2)°, and Z=4. It has a one-dimensional structure with an inorganic part built of SrO 8 distorted tetragonal antiprisms.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Calcium Phenylphosphonates and 4-Carboxyphenylphosphonates

Three new calcium phenylphosphonates, CaC(6)H(5)PO(3).2H(2)O, Ca(3)(C(6)H(5)PO(3)H)(2)(C(6)H(5)PO(3))(2).4H(2)O, and CaC(6)H(5)PO(3).H(2)O, and two calcium 4-carboxyphenylphosphonates, Ca(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(2) and Ca(3)(OOCC(6)H(4)PO(3))(2).6H(2)O, were prepared. It was found that CaC(6)H(5)PO(3).2H(2)O transformed into previously known Ca(C(6)H(5)PO(3)H)(2) via Ca(3)(C(6)H(5)PO(3)H)(2)(C(6)H(5)PO(3))(2).4H(2)O in the presence of phenylphosphonic acid, and vice versa, Ca(C(6)H(5)PO(3)H)(2) turned into CaC(6)H(5)PO(3).2H(2)O in a weak basic medium. A similar relationship was found between Ca(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(2) and Ca(3)(OOCC(6)H(4)PO(3))(2).6H(2)O; i.e., Ca(3)(OOCC(6)H(4)PO(3))(2).6H(2)O transformed into Ca(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(2) in the presence of 4-carboxyphenylphosphonic acid. On the contrary, Ca(3)(OOCC(6)H(4)PO(3))(2).6H(2)O is formed from Ca(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(2) in the presence of ammonium as a weak base. The structure of Ca(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(2) was solved from X-ray powder diffraction data by an ab initio method using a FOX program. The compound is monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15), a = 49.218(3) A, b = 7.7609(4) A, c = 5.4452(3) A, beta = 128.119(3) degrees , and Z = 4. Its structure is one-dimensional with [Ca(2)(HOOCC(6)H(4)PO(3)H)(4)](infinity) ribbons forming basic building blocks. The ribbons are held together by hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups.