Fourth Paragraph Research Articles

Correction to “Introducing Programmable Logic to Undergraduate Engineering Students in a Digital Electronics Course” [May 12 255-262

In the above titled paper (ibid, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 255-262, May 2012), originally an Early Access article on IEEE Xplore and now included in this current issue, reference [18] is missing; it is cited as [2] in this correction. In Section II of the original paper, reference [18] should be cited in the following sentence of the fourth paragraph: In [18], a lab-at-home approach is proposed at the Universidad de la Republica in Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Correction: Cellular Stress Induced Alterations in MicroRNA let-7a and let-7b Expression Are Dependent on p53

A previous version of the manuscript was mistakenly published. A note linking to a correct version of the article can be found on the article page. Text was removed from the Abstract. A sentence was removed from the first paragraph in the Results and three sentences were added to the fourth paragraph in the Results. Text was added to the second and fourth paragraphs in the Discussion and text was modified in the third paragraph in the Discussion. The text for the legend of Figure 3 was also modified. The figures themselves were published correctly.

End of the road for red meat?

A large-scale study led by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health (Boston, MA, USA) has confirmed the association between the consumption of red meat and increased mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease. The authors also found that individuals who opted for servings of healthier protein sources such as fish, poultry, legumes, or nuts instead of red meat lowered their mortality rates by up to a fifth. ErratumBurki TK. End of the road for red meat? Lancet Oncol 2012; published online March 23. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70129-8. In this News article, the first sentence of the fourth paragraph should have read “The researchers found that a daily serving of unprocessed red meat increased the risk of cancer mortality by 10%, whereas a daily serving of processed meat was responsible for a 16% increased risk.” This correction has been made as of March 26, 2012. Full-Text PDF

Long Awaited Guidance on the Meaning of “Regulatory Act” for Locus Standi Under the Lisbon Treaty

Case T-262/20 Microban International Ltd and Microban (Europe) Ltd v. CommissionThe conditions for bringing direct actions before the EU General Court have been opened under Article 263, fourth paragraph, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) through the introduction of less restrictive rules on legal standing for private applicants challenging regulatory acts. The term “regulatory act” covers all acts of general application apart from legislative acts and includes implementing measures adopted by the European Commission under the comitology procedure. Initial case law provides welcome guidance on the application of the new rules on standing but questions still remain (author's headnote).

Erratum to: Audit of acute Charcot’s disease in the UK: the CDUK study

Unfortunately the references cited in the fourth paragraph of the Introduction were incorrect. The paragraph is printed below, with the corrected references highlighted in red. It is generally accepted that off-loading in a non-removable below-knee cast or cast-walker is an essential part of management [8, 9]. In addition, the use of pamidronate was shown in an open-label study to reduce skin temperature and bone turnover markers [12], the latter effect being subsequently confirmed in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) [13]. Another small RCT demonstrated that weekly treatment with alendronate also led to a significant reduction in bone turnover markers, associated with reduced discomfort [14]. Despite these observations, the long-term clinical benefit of non-removable off-loading or bisphosphonate therapy has not yet been clearly established. Diabetologia (2012) 55:862 DOI 10.1007/s00125-011-2420-1

Reconsidering Poe's “Rationale of Verse”

Edgar Allan Poe’s essay “The Rationale of Verse” has been ill-treated. A rationale is a “an explanation or exposition of controlling principles (as of an opinion, belief, practice, or phenomenon),” 1 and Poe’s essay attempts to explain the controlling principles of poetry—including all traditions, across all languages, throughout all history. In writing his “Rationale,” however, Poe disputed scholarly wisdom that had been established for centuries, and the science of his time offered no support. Lacking empirical evidence, Poe made claims from his own intuition and argued from examples and anecdotes. “The Rationale of Verse” was repeatedly rejected before its publication and has since been alternately ignored, scorned, and reviled for its “bluffing and shoddy scholarship.” 2 However, recent research in both linguistics and psychology holds the promise of legitimizing Poe’s theories. Additionally, Stuart Levine and Susan Levine’s recent edition Critical Theory: The Major Documents offers a new and exhaustive analysis of “Rationale,” providing us with the occasion to look again at this text. Given what we now know, Poe’s thesis may be extracted and reexamined, allowing us to see “The Rationale of Verse” as an important component of his critical theory. “The Rationale of Verse” is intended as a technical manual for prosodic practice, as Poe makes clear in its fourth paragraph:

A revisit to the region of Collinder 132 using Carte du Ciel and Astrographic Catalogue plates (Corrigendum)

1. In Sect. 2.2, the last sentence of the first paragraph should read “The median of the internal errors in the proper motions is shown in Table 2 (as determined by Giuppone et al. 2006)”. 2. In Sect. 2.2, the last sentence of the fourth paragraph should read “As also found by Giuppone et al. (2006), the internal errors derived for the proper motions were consistent with those resulting from the comparison with external catalogues, as shown in Table 3”. 3. The caption of Fig. 3 should read “Residuals in both equatorial coordinates obtained using the individual reduction method. (Giuppone et al. 2006)”. 4. The caption of Fig. 4 should read “Distribution of internal errors for stars with proper motions from two epochs (left) and from three epochs (right) (Giuppone et al. 2006)”. 5. In Sect. 2.2, the first sentence of the last paragraph should read “The CCAC catalogue was constructed with 9055 mean stellar positions on the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) with their corresponding epochs in the selected field, including the components of proper motion with their errors for only 8774 stars (Giuppone et al. 2006)”. 6. The following reference should be added:

Erratum: Cell-based flu vaccines ready for US prime time

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10, 246 (2011) | doi:10.1038/nrd3414 In the fourth paragraph of this article, a Fujian flu strain was mistakenly identified as "avian" instead of "human". It has now been changed online to "the Fujian H3N2 flu strain".

Erratum: Holocene Southern Ocean surface temperature variability west of the Antarctic Peninsula

Nature 470, 250–254 (2011) On page 3 of the PDF and print version of this Letter, column two, at the end of the fourth paragraph, the last line inadvertently read “occurred between 1,600 and 500 kyr bp”, but this should have said “occurred between 1,600 and 500 years bp”. This has been corrected in the HTML version of the manuscript.

Cardiac anomalies associated with supramitral ring

We read with interest the article in the November 2010 edition by Brown et al. in which the authors have presented their experience in managing 27 patients with supramitral ring (SMR) associated with other cardiac anomalies [1]. Coming from authors with many publications to their credit, we were surprised to read the fourth paragraph of their discussion wherein the authors have sought to be the group to originally propose a framework for the classification of anomalies associated with SMR, stating, ‘From our study, we propose that the associated cardiac anomalies can be grouped broadly into two categories: SMR associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD; including tetralogy of Fallot) and SMR associated with LVOT pathologies, especially sub-aortic membrane, bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta (Shone’s anomaly). In the first scenario, this is important in the context of patients with VSD and turbulence across the MV in which an SMR needs to be ruled out. In the second scenario, in patients with multi-level left heart obstructions, an SMR should be excluded to prevent residual defects, as has been reported previously.’ This paragraph appears to been have taken almost verbatim, and without acknowledgment, from our article published in 2006 in the Annals of Thoracic Surgery [2], and has been presented as an original idea in the current article. In our publication, aided with the experience of the patients with SMRs that we had treated, and our study of the literature, we were the first to realize that SMR is associated with either ventricular septal defects or left ventricular outflow obstruction. This was an association that had not been commented upon earlier in literature. We would like the authors to clarify the reasons why they have used our text in this manner, especially since they have quoted our 2006 publication at least 4 times in their article, suggesting that they were aware of the contents of our article.

Tumor necrosis factor-α 308 G/A polymorphism in breast cancer risk

To the Editor, We read with great interest the two recent meta-analysis of the association between Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a 308G/A polymorphism and breast cancer risk [1, 2] and the two related letters [3, 4] which commented on the two articles. The meta-analysis by Fang et al. [1] included 11 studies with 10,184 breast cancer cases and 12,911 controls, and the results suggested that TNF-a308G allele might be a modestly risk factor for the development of breast cancer among Caucasian and the overall. However, the other one by Shen et al. [2] comprised 13 studies involving 10,236 cases and 13,143 controls, and the results indicated that TNF-a308A allele might slightly decrease the risk of breast cancer among Caucasian, but not among the overall. The partial difference (for the overall population) on the conclusions between two studies is due to the eligible studies they identified. As commented by Chen et al. [3] and Zhou et al. [4], the article by Fang et al. contained one study not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium [5] and omitted two eligible studies [6, 7]; while the article by Shen et al. [2] included one duplicate study [8]. These findings suggested that the incomprehensive search of publications would bias the results. In addition, we have three further comments on the Rebuttal Comments by Fang et al. [3] and Shen et al. [4]. First, Fang et al. [3] mentioned that the study by Kohaar et al. [6] did not supply the frequencies of GA and AA genotypes. In fact, this information was provided in the main text (see the fourth paragraph of the ‘‘Result’’ section). Second, the opinions of Shen et al. [4] suggested that PubMed searching might be enough to indentify the eligible studies. We agree that PubMed database is one of the most comprehensive sources of medicine information worldwide, while its coverage is incomplete like any database [9, 10]. Other databases, such as ISI Web of Knowledge, Embase, and even non-English databases also should be searched to avoid the introduction of selection bias and language bias [10, 11]; or at least, both Medline and hand searching should be used when the meta-analysis is performed [10]. Third, the reference number in the ‘‘References for Rebuttal letter’’ section is not in accord with that in the main text of Rebuttal letter [4].

Correction: Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Due to an oversight of the editorial office, a mistake was introduced in the references on page 3919, right column, at the start of the fourth paragraph. In the published paper the text segment on page 3919 reads: As mentioned, graphene can be grown on metal surfaces by surface segregation of carbon or by decomposition of hydrocarbons. However, this technique is only practical for graphene production if the as-grown graphene can be transferred from the metal substrates to other substrates, which looks straightforward but only was realized for multilayer and non-uniform films recently with Ni[160–162] and for uniform monolayer graphene, with Cu.[17] However, reference 160 does not relate to graphene segregation on metal surfaces. The authors first to report this technique were Qingkai Yu and co-workers as described in reference 246. Consequently, the start of the fourth paragraph on page 3919 should be corrected to read as follows: As mentioned, graphene can be grown on metal surfaces by surface segregation of carbon or by decomposition of hydrocarbons. However, this technique is only practical for graphene production if the as-grown graphene can be transferred from the metal substrates to other substrates, which looks straightforward but only was realized for multilayer and non-uniform films recently with Ni,[246,161,162] and for uniform monolayer graphene, with Cu.[17] The editorial office apologizes for any inconvenience caused. In addition, reference 160 was not published in 2009, so reference 160 should read:

Correction [to “Report assesses nutrient pollution in U.S. streams and aquifers”

In the news item “Report assesses nutrient pollution in U.S. streams and aquifers” in the 5 October 2010 issue of Eos (91(40), 359), a sentence in the fourth paragraph should have read, “The assessment found that the proportion of wells that exceed the federal human health drinking water standard—the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)—increased from 16% at the beginning of the assessment period to 21% at the end of the period, Dubrovsky said.”Eos regrets this error.

Erratum: Corrigendum: Unmasking the tonic-aversive state in neuropathic pain

Nat. Neurosci. 12, 1364–1366 (2009); published online 27 September 2009; corrected after print 9 June 2010 In the version of this article initially published, a citation was inadvertently omitted. To correct this, “Attempts to measure the negatively reinforcing actions of MK-801, an NMDA receptor inhibitor, on chronic pain using CPP in a rat model of inflammation have been made, but the data were not conclusive16” has been inserted following the first sentence in the fourth paragraph.

The melodics of long poems

A tune is meaningless. Unless – it be deliberately made into, be coerced into becoming, some sign or symbol. So stands one orthodoxy of one kind of poetics, and so does poetics declare, upon every ...

Correction: A promising new anticoagulant for stroke prevention

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 7, 10–11 (2010); doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.220 In the January 2010 issue of Nature Reviews Cardiology, an error was published in the third sentence of the fourth paragraph of the News & Views article by Sarah A. Spinler. The sentence should have read “These benefits, however, were observed at a cost of two myocardial infarctions per 1,000 patients treated for 1 year and an excess risk of dyspepsia.

The Court of Justice after the Treaty of Lisbon

This article contains a brief overview of the provisions on the EU Courts in the renewed European treaties resulting from the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. This Treaty has introduced a new nomenclature for judicial bodies of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The appointment of Members of the Court of Justice and of the General Court is subject to the opinion of an advisory panel on the candidate’s suitability to perform the duties of judge of these bodies. With the exception of the common foreign and security policy, the jurisdiction of the EU Courts now extends to EU law as a whole, including the area of freedom, security and justice and the Charter on Fundamental Rights. The high barriers to the admissibility of private actions for annulment are somewhat lowered by Article 263, fourth paragraph TFEU, which provides for such actions to be brought against regulatory acts of the EU.

Erratum: Incidence and prevention of bladder toxicity from cyclophosphamide in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: A data-driven review

In the review by Monach et al in the January 2010 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism (pages 9–21), there were several errors in the text of the fourth paragraph on page 15. The paragraph should have read as follows: “The recommended dosing of IV mesna is a total dose equal to 60% (weight/weight) of the total cyclophosphamide dose, in the form of 3 equal doses of mesna (20% each of the total dose), with the first dose administered 15–30 minutes prior to cyclophosphamide and the others administered 4 hours and 8 hours following cyclophosphamide (67). When mesna is given orally, the dose should be equal to 40% of the cyclophosphamide dose (oral or IV), based on the 50% oral bioavailability of mesna. For convenience, a combination of IV and oral doses can be given: an initial IV dose (equal to 20% of the cyclophosphamide dose) followed by 2 oral doses (each equal to 40% of the cyclophosphamide dose). If the first dose of mesna is administered orally, it should be given 2 hours before cyclophosphamide (oral or IV), but the second and third oral doses can still be given 4 hours and 8 hours after cyclophosphamide, as with IV mesna dosing.” We regret the errors.

Kult świętych w Prawosławiu

The article begins from explaining two key terms for the theme: the holiness and the the concept of theosis. In the first and second paragraph author makes general remarks on what is the sanctity of God and sanctity of the Church. Only after that it is explained what was the meaning of the word “saint” used in the Old Testament and similarities and differences of the meaning of this term in the New Testament. The Church teaching of sanctity was précised in VII–VIII centuries only, when St. John Damascenes explained the differences between of worshiping God and venerating the saints. The author also explains differences between veneration of saints and the cult of pagan heroes, as well as between venerating saint and venerating angels. many observations are given from the Church Fathers as well as contemporary Orthodox theologians.In the third paragraph it was explained how the forming of the venerating saints of different categories was made i.e.: the martyrs, the apostles, the prophets, the ancestors (fathers, etc.), saint hierarchs of the Church, the venerable (the monastics), the right-believing, the witnesses, unmercenary physicians, the fool-for-Christ, the passion-bearers, the righteous (the just).The fourth paragraph gives short analysis of several main elements of the veneration of saints, as: the prayers to the saints, the intercession of the saints, the veneration of icons of the saints, the venerating of relics of the saints, the establishing of the feasts honoring the saints in the Church calendar, the liturgical feast for the memory of the saints, building of the churches honoring the saints, hymnography and hagiography to commemorate saints. The last paragraph of the article makes an explanation how the word “canonization” is understood on Orthodox Church and what is the procedure of canonizing saints in Orthodoxy is used.

Erratum: Corrigendum: Thymic self-reactivity selects natural interleukin 17–producing T cells that can regulate peripheral inflammation

Nat. Immunol. 10, 1125–1132 (2009); published online 6 September 2009; corrected after print 5 October 2009 In the version of this article initially published, two relevant papers are not cited. The following brief description of the findings of these papers has been added to the end of the fourth full paragraph on page 1131, and the citations below are now included at the end of the reference list: