The order topology has been historically defined only for totally ordered sets. Here, the order topology in partially ordered sets will be constructed. Several attempts have been provided in the recent litera-ture on partially ordered groups, rings and modules. This manuscript contains a full construction that provides solid foundational ground to the previous attempts and serves to pay tribute to the topological trajectory of Prof. Ricceri.

An engineering geological survey is a key tool for safe and efficient foundation engineering, including small - scale constructions such as family houses. Its purpose is to comprehensively assess the geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological conditions of the site, verify the suitability of the area for construction, and propose an optimal foundation solution with respect to the bearing capacity, settlement, and infiltration of stormwater into the foundation ground. This article systematically describes the successive phases of an engineering geological survey for small buildings — from desk study and field reconnaissance through field investigations, sampling, and documentation, to the interpretation of results and preparation of the final report. Attention is paid both to normative and legislative requirements and to the methodological approach to assessing ground conditions and designing suitable foundation solutions. A well - executed survey minimizes construction risks, optimizes foundation design, and prevents costly remedial measures. The outcome is a clear and practically applicable model procedure that can serve as methodological guidance for designers, geotechnical engineers, and builders, even in typical family house projects.

Vertiports, as the foundational ground infrastructure for Urban Air Mobility (UAM), have garnered increasing scholarly attention in recent years. To examine how the existing literature has reviewed and summarized vertiport-related knowledge, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis of publications (2000–2024) from four major databases, including Web of Science and Scopus, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. By analyzing co-citation and keyword co-occurrence patterns, the results suggest that vertiport research frontiers are shifting toward facility location, network planning, airspace and scheduling management, scalable infrastructure, and integration with ground transport systems. Scholars and institutions in the United States, China, Europe, and South Korea have taken leading roles in advancing this field, though collaboration among research organizations still requires strengthening. Overall, the findings reveal future research pathways and provide support for the planning and integration of vertiport infrastructure in UAM operations.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a necessary part of our lives, and its usage will be increased in the near future, but one of the major issues with AI is that there are still no proper guidelines for ethical behavior. The study examines how ethical theories can impact the design of AI systems, delving into how these technological advancements can consider the moral frameworks within organizations. The authors have framed a conceptual model based on the exploratory study, along with available literature on designing ethical guidelines for the latest technological offerings like AI. Ethical theories can consequently have a positive impact on designing ethical AI. Specifically, they have studied the association between each of the four, i.e. deontology, virtue, utilitarianism, and right-based ethics, with the design of ethical AI. The study also analyzed the moderating impact of ethical relativism and openness in designing and achieving an ethical AI. This is the first study on how ethical theories can build a ground foundation for ethical AI.

本論文では，河川堤防の越水対策として設置する表面被覆工とドレーン工の越水による堤防決壊に対する効果を検証することを目的に，小型堤防模型実験と二次元浸透流解析を行った。模型実験の結果から，表面被覆工を施した均一堤体では，川裏法尻部で生じる越水による洗掘と堤体内浸透による吸い出しをトリガーとして表面被覆工下にパイピングが発生することによって堤防が決壊するプロセスを明らかにした。その上で，川裏側に設置する法尻保護工とドレーン工はいずれも，被覆工の下で川裏から進展する内部侵食を抑制する効果が高いことを示した。さらに，高透水性基礎地盤上の堤防においては，越水時に表面被覆工下で発生するパイピングが急速に進行し，決壊までの時間が早まることを示した上で，基盤排水機能を有するドレーン工の効果が極めて高いことを明らかにした。

Abstract In power systems, grounding systems are crucial for ensuring the safe operation of electrical equipment and personnel safety. This paper integrates the underwater grounding grid in front of the dam reservoir, dam - foundation grounding grid, tail - water and downstream underwater grounding grid, and powerhouse grounding grid based on the actual layout of a hydropower station’s grounding grid. After connecting these components to form an integrated grounding grid, the grounding conductors are modeled, and a soil model is built using actual soil resistance test results, thus establishing an accurate hydropower station grounding model. This study constructs precise grounding models using Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS) software and the Alternative Transients Program - Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP - EMTP) simulations, integrating theoretical calculations and practical case studies to analyze resistance reduction measures, ground fault current calculations, and safety verification for hydropower station grounding systems. Comprehensive isolation protection measures are proposed, providing scientific guidance for enhancing the stability and safety of hydropower stations. The findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydropower grounding systems.

Rubble mound breakwaters are characterized by their considerable mass, as they generally consist of a quarry- run core, rock filter layer(s) and external armour layer made of rocks or concrete blocks. The weight (load) of the breakwaters is fully borne by the foundation ground. Since these structures are made at sea, foundation ground aligns with the seabed, which can be either natural or requires preliminary dredging. Consequently, the seabed and all subsoil layers experience a significant increase in tension. Depending on the nature and mechanical properties of subsoil, this could potentially lead to relevant geotechnical issues, ranging from lack of slope stability to large settlements. If thick layers of soft soil (e.g., normally consolidated clay) are present, critical settlement behaviour might be expected. Therefore, specific design solutions must be implemented. Due to the challenge of reducing the total amount of settlements, significant efforts are directed toward accelerating and concentrating settlements as much as possible during the construction phase.

Sustainability has emerged as a paramount concern in the construction and development of built infrastructure. This study delves into the environmental impact and vulnerability of an idealized bridge–foundation–ground system using stone columns as a liquefaction countermeasure, focusing on the seismic response in the transverse direction. For that purpose, a nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) finite element framework is established, exploring the influence of stone columns on the vulnerability of the bridge–foundation system. To enhance the reliability of the analysis outcomes, an optimal intensity measure is identified through comprehensive evaluations of efficiency, correlation, coefficient of variation, and sufficiency. Further, systematic assessments of total cost and carbon emissions associated with ground improvement are performed using three different life-cycle assessment (LCA) approaches, including process-based LCA (P-LCA), economic input–output LCA (EIO-LCA), and a hybrid approach that combines P-LCA and EIO-LCA. The results demonstrate that stone columns noticeably reduce liquefaction-induced damage to pile foundations, proving their effectiveness in improving seismic resilience. While several factors influence overall ground improvement design (such as material availability and demobilization), the overall analysis techniques and derived insights systematically quantify sustainability, thereby offering an additional dimension in decision-making when implementing such liquefaction mitigation techniques in seismic-prone regions.

Soil-structure interaction constitutes a pivotal consideration in the analysis and design of any infrastructure resting on the ground. The type of ground material on which the foundation rests have significant influence in the structural design of foundation of any structures. Three different ground material, namely medium dense soil, very soft rock or hard soil and rock with moderate jointing have been considered representing three distinct foundation materials to study the influence of changing stiffness of the foundation resting ground materials on important design parameters such as moment and shear. While a culvert serves as the model for this study, the primary focus lies on the foundation, specifically the base slab, as soil-structure interaction predominantly influences this component. Furthermore, this study places particular emphasis on characterizing the interaction between the supporting structure and the ground through the adoption of different modelling techniques. Simplified spring model, subsequently compared with an elastic continuum model, which is posited as the reference or "correct" solution within this investigation. Alternative approaches, such as employing the concept of static equilibrium, will also be subject to evaluation and comparative analysis alongside the aforementioned methodologies. The study revealed that increasing the stiffness of the ground material results in a reduction in stress along the structure's foundation. This indicates that ground material stiffness significantly influences foundation stress calculations. This conclusion is based on the results from three distinct modeling techniques. Furthermore, the findings suggest that significant design optimizations can be achieved by adopting the elastic continuum model over the simplified spring model and the static equilibrium method.

Thermal performance of a solar-assisted slinky foundation heat exchanger coupled with a heat pump in a cold climate

All types of soil are used as the ground foundation to support the construction of any structures including roads and buildings. Laterite soil has the properties of cohesive and cohesionless soil. This is because its properties are mostly well-graded including silt, clay, sand, and gravel. However, laterite soil's physical and mechanical properties require improvement. Potential laterite soil used for the construction of roads and development activity is necessary for geotechnical application. Therefore, this research aims to study the performance stability in compressive strength of native laterite soil with bamboo ash (BA). The testing experiments have shown that the behavior of bamboo ash is used to strengthen the laterite soil resulting in the bamboo ash enhancing the performance of laterite formation in ground improvement. In this study, 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% bamboo ash content were used to study the effect of BA on native lateritic soils at 0, 3, and 7 days of curing. It is indicated that the strength for 3 curing days increases strength to 8.4% after adding 5% BA. It increases the strength after adding 10%, 15%, and 20% with the percentage of the increments 7.2%, 1.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. In the physical properties results, the specific gravity of soil shows an average of 1.66. As a result, LL and PL have been identified as 29% and 14.1% respectively. Lateritic soil water content measured in this study was 10.84%. Compaction tests identify MDD as 1.807 g/cm3, while OMC content is 13.3%. Lateritic soils are classified as sedimentary sandy soils according to the results of particle distribution soil tests. In the end, the results identified for enhancement of the addition of bamboo ash show a strong increment for lateritic materials. Bamboo ash (BA) appears secondary in large-scale studies. BA reacts as an economical and sustainable treatment material in geotechnical applications.

The applied sport psychology field has created a niche for implementing services designed to enhance performance through mental skills training. Further, with the certification process of the Certified Mental Performance Consultant and the impending accreditation of graduate programs, the field is moving to increase systematic quality control. While minimum requirements have been established for didactic coursework, mentored experiences, and the qualifications of who can serve as an approved mentor, gaps exist in the theoretical and foundational grounding of professional mentorship. Many mentors may rely on consultation experience, experience as a mentee, or use intuition, or instinct to inform mentorship. The Association for Applied Sport Psychology had defined mentorship the same as supervision until a new definition was introduced in 2020, yet Association for Applied Sport Psychology’s language continues to borrow from the supervision literature to guide mentors with limited research on what mentors do in sessions and how they relate to mentees, provide feedback, and assess or evaluate competency. Further, there is no structured model of applied sport psychology mentorship that addresses the distinct differences between supervision and mentorship. This manuscript includes extensive literature on mentorship and supervision to create a unique model (Fluid Mentorship Model) to provide the infrastructure for the unique nature of the field of applied sport psychology and mental skills training. A sport, exercise, and performance psychology-specific mentorship model is proposed to serve as a foundation for educating mentors, practicing mentorship, and researching mentorship efficacy.

Large-scale language models (LLMs) dominate tasks such as natural language processing and computer vision, but using their spatial and temporal predictive power still needs to be improved. The main focus of the task described in this paper is to offer a technical solution that implements the Time Yards Model (TYM), which means putting in evidence time events and their evolution in a novel book or large text in an unsupervised manner. This article has a ground foundation and uses a manually annotated novel to train multiple state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to divide time segments. The aim is to identify specific text chunks based on several features (part-of-speech and part-of-sentence) to branch off the temporal tracks. This manuscript uses TimeML specification language to mark relevant words in time and space to achieve tempo-spatial investigation. Based on the observations, the proposed algorithm extensively analyses various novels presented for comparison, underlining their main strengths and weaknesses. Comprehensive experiments on diversified datasets show that our proposed solution successfully unlocks the potential for spatial and temporal forecasting with reasonable accuracy. Remarkably, our approach has achieved competitive performance compared to relevant papers from this field. Various text-processing methods are described, and different natural language processing frameworks and libraries are compared.

Abstract Entrepreneurial resourcefulness is frequently invoked as an essential quality needed to succeed in the entrepreneurship processes. As such, recent years have seen a proliferation of a diverse body of scholarship on entrepreneurial resourcefulness. While this diversity demonstrates the promise and depth of entrepreneurial resourcefulness, this research is fragmented across disciplines, theories, and levels of analysis, which limits our understanding of when, why, and how entrepreneurial resourcefulness occurs and its effect on the entrepreneurial process. This study reviews and integrates the literature on entrepreneurial resourcefulness, providing a common foundational grounding that coheres diverse yet related streams of research. As an outcome of the review, we offer a definition of entrepreneurial resourcefulness that is anchored in its diverse theoretical origins and synthesize relevant research. In building on the foundation offered by the review, we identify the most critical areas for future research with the potential to build upon and extend the theoretical insights derived from the review.

In the seismic resistant design of high-rise structures, shear walls which are constructed along the height of the building are capable of transferring lateral forces from peripheral walls, floors, and roofs to the ground foundation. The main objective of the present study is to determine the effective location for shear walls in a multi-storey building for an optimum seismic response. The “Dynamic Response Spectrum method” of analysis of the building is done using ETABS. The effectiveness of shear walls has been studied by considering four different models. Model-I is a bare frame structural system without a shear wall and the other three models are dual-type structural systems with shear walls at different locations. In this study, a 16x16m plan with G+15 stories RC building with a total height of about 48m is analysed in zone V by providing shear walls of 250mm thick at different locations in the building. From the analysis results it is observed that the model with a shear wall placed at the centre of the building is more effective in resisting seismic forces when compared to other models.

Blue light exposure of the ocular apparatus is currently rising. This has motivated a growing concern about potential deleterious effects on different eye structures. To address this, ARPE-19 cells were used as a model of the retinal pigment epithelium and subjected to cumulative expositions of blue light. The most relevant cellular events previously associated with blue-light-induced damage were assessed, including alterations in cell morphology, viability, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the induction of DNA repair cellular mechanisms. Consistent with previous reports, our results provide evidence of cellular alterations resulting from repeated exposure to blue light irradiation. In this context, we explored the potential protective properties of the vegetal extract from Polypodium leucotomos, Fernblock® (FB), using the widely known treatment with lutein as a reference for comparison. The only changes observed as a result of the sole treatment with either FB or lutein were a slight but significant increase in γH2AX+ cells and the raise in the nuclear levels of NRF2. Overall, our findings indicate that the treatment with FB (similarly to lutein) prior to blue light irradiation can alleviate blue-light-induced deleterious effects in RPE cells, specifically preventing the drop in both cell viability and percentage of EdU+ cells, as well as the increase in ROS generation, percentage of γH2AX+ nuclei (more efficiently with FB), and TNF-α secretion (the latter restored only by FB to similar levels to those of the control). On the contrary, the induction in the P21 expression upon blue light irradiation was not prevented neither by FB nor by lutein. Notably, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 induced by blue light was similar to that observed in cells pre-treated with FB, while lutein pre-treatment resulted in nuclear NRF2 levels similar to control cells, suggesting key differences in the mechanism of cellular protection exerted by these compounds. These results may represent the foundation ground for the use of FB as a new ingredient in the development of alternative prophylactic strategies for blue-light-associated diseases, a currently rising medical interest.

Introduction to the special issue: Allyship, advocacy, and social justice to support equality for marginalized groups in the workplace

Situated within the context of a soft ground foundation at an iron ore mining site, this study investigates the impact of substantial surcharges on the settlement of such foundations and the adjacent infrastructure. By employing the finite-difference numerical software FLAC3D 6.0, a series of three-dimensional simulations were conducted to assess the stress response and deformation of gallery pile foundations, shallow foundations, and mine shed pile foundations to step loading. This study integrates the analysis of soil strength augmentation under considerable stress and its attenuation characteristics under significant deformation. Various reinforcement measures, such as the implementation of stone columns, prefabricated vertical drain, and surcharge preloading techniques, were examined for their capacity to consolidate the foundation, reduce settlement, and mitigate impacts on adjacent structures. The results reveal that horizontal displacements in the pile and shallow foundations escalate progressively with additional surcharge throughout the operational period. The most pronounced horizontal deviation in the pile foundations is observed at the juncture between sand and silt strata. Stone columns act effectively as a barrier to the sliding surface, consequently reducing the influence of surcharge on the movement of the foundation.

Deformation causes of the Embankment-Bridge transition section in warm permafrost: The case study of a dry bridge along the Qinghai-Tibet railway

Contemporary civil engineering practices demand sophisticated computational tools to navigate the complexities of structural systems and their interactions with the ground. This paper introduces a novel numerical modelling simulation technology tailored for nonlinear multi-field coupled ground foundations. Ground foundations, pivotal interfaces between structures and underlying soil, undergo intricate interactions influenced by various physical phenomena, including soil-structure interaction, soil-structure-fluid interaction, and thermal effects. Traditional analytical methods often falter in capturing the nuanced nonlinear behavior of these coupled systems. Consequently, this paper proposes a comprehensive numerical modelling framework integrating advanced computational techniques to accurately simulate the complex interplay of multiple fields within ground foundations. The methodology incorporates finite element analysis, multi-physics coupling algorithms, and advanced constitutive models to capture the nonlinear behavior of soil, structure, and fluid interactions. Through detailed case studies and validation against experimental data, the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed simulation technology are demonstrated, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the design and analysis of ground foundation systems in civil engineering applications. This paper represents a foundational contribution towards advancing the state-of-the-art in numerical modelling simulation technologies for nonlinear multi-field coupled ground foundations, fostering innovation and optimization in civil engineering practice.