Foundations Of Behavior Research Articles

Attention Constraints and Learning in Categories

Many decision makers are thought to economize on attention by processing information at the simpler level of a category. We directly test whether such category focus reflects an adaptive response to attention constraints, in five preregistered experiments using an information sampling paradigm with mouse tracking. Consistent with rational principles, participants focus more on category-level information when individual differences are small, when the category contains more members, and when time constraints are more severe. Participants are sensitive to the statistical structure of the category even when it must be learned from experience, and they respond to a latent shift in this structure. Beliefs about category members tend to cluster together more when category focus is high—a key element of rational inattention. However, this is counteracted by greater weight placed on salient and idiosyncratic information when the category is large. Our results broadly substantiate influential theories of categorical thinking, giving us a clearer view on the drivers and consequences of inattention. This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-21-1-2170), the Pershing Square Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior, and an NWO Vidi grant (VI.Vidi.201.059). Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4803 .

Assessing Sex Differences in Individuals with Tourette Syndrome and Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (S42.009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine sex differences in Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (PMVT) individuals. <h3>Background:</h3> TS and PMVT are more prevalent in males compared to females. Females with TS may have a delayed diagnosis and more complex tics than males. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is more prevalent in females; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in males. This study analyzes sex differences in outcomes among TS and PMVT. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Data from 2405 individuals (N=2109 TS; N=168 PMVT) from the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics were analyzed to explore the relationship between sex and TS or PMVT outcomes: 1) age at tic onset; 2) time-to-diagnosis; 3) tic severity; and 4) comorbidity rates. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, and family relationships. <h3>Results:</h3> Females with TS (25.5% of the sample) compared to males had a later age of symptom onset (6.5±2.8 vs. 6.0±2.7; p=0.001), and a longer time-to-diagnosis [3 (1,7) vs. 2 (1,5), p=0.01]. OCD was more prevalent in females (55% vs. 48.7%; p=0.01) as well as ADHD (61.1% vs. 55.7%; p&lt;0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, and family relationships, females had lower odds of ADHD [0.6 (0.5, 0.7)]. Females with PMVT (42.9% of the sample) compared to males had an earlier age of symptom onset (7.9±3.3 vs. 8.9±3.7; p=0.05). OCD was more prevalent in females (41.9% vs. 22.2%; p&lt;0.001), but not ADHD. Results were significant after adjusting for sex, age, and family relationships. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Females with TS may be clinically different than males with TS. ADHD appeared more prevalent in females with TS in univariate analyses, but less prevalent in regression models. In contrast, females with PMVT appear similar compared to males with PMVT. Age of symptom onset is later in females with TS, but earlier in females with PMVT. Meta-analyses may help to better understand these findings. <b>Disclosure:</b> The institution of Dr. Dy-Hollins has received research support from CNCDP-K12. Lori B. Chibnik has nothing to disclose. Lisa Osiecki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wiley. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wiley. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Cambridge Expert Witness. The institution of Dr. Sharma has received research support from NIH. The institution of Carol Mathews has received research support from NIH. Carol Mathews has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Dr. Scharf has received research support from the TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. Dr. Scharf has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Speaker for a TAA/CDC Family Day Symposium with the Tourette Association of America. Dr. Scharf has a non-compensated relationship as a Scientific Advisory Board Member with the Tourette Association of America that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.

The role of connectedness in sustainable behaviour: A parallel mediation model examining the prosocial foundations of pro-environmental behaviour

Understanding individual difference factors that underpin pro-environmental behaviours (PEB) is important in this age of global climate change. This research extends recent research on the prosocial foundation of PEB which has shown that connectedness to nature and connectedness to community to mediate the effect of prosocial propensity on PEB. This research, however, has not considered connectedness to other social categorisations, such as to one's nation, or all humanity, which is important given the positive interrelations of these constructs. As such, this research examined the contribution of each of these four levels of connectedness in determining PEB. Participants (Australian adults, N = 632) completed measures of these constructs in an online study. Results showed that prosocial propensity increased PEB via connectedness to nature, connectedness to community, and connectedness to humanity, and reduced PEB via connectedness to nation. This was despite positive bivariate relations between the constructs. Results also showed that connectedness to nature was the strongest mediator and predictor in the model. These findings are important because they demonstrate the unique effects of these levels of connectedness and highlight the importance of considering them in unison. Implications particularly regarding the role of connectedness to nation in promoting PEB are discussed.

Black and Hispanic Individuals with Tourette Syndrome are Under-Represented in Specialty Clinics (P11-11.016)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the racial and ethnic distribution of Tourette Syndrome (TS) individuals presenting for care in the Massachusetts General Brigham System (MGB). <h3>Background:</h3> TS is thought to occur with similar frequencies across racial and ethnic groups. However, we observed a low representation of racial and ethnic minority TS individuals in our specialty clinic at the MGB Tourette Syndrome Center of Excellence (TS-COE). We hypothesized that Black and Hispanic TS individuals are under-represented in specialty clinics compared to white and Non-Hispanic individuals. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We extracted patient registry aggregate data for individuals ages 4–21 years who were seen in outpatient Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, and TS-COE clinics between 01/01/2015–11/17/2021 with a TS diagnosis (ICD-9:307.23; ICD-10:F95.2) and compared to all individuals seen for any type of outpatient clinical care within the MGB Healthcare System. Chi-square goodness-of-fit testing was performed to examine the racial and ethnic proportion of TS individuals seen in the specialty clinics and across MGB (reference group). Statistical significance was set at p=0.05 level for overall group comparisons and at p=0.0125 (race) and p=0.025 (ethnicity) for post-hoc testing. <h3>Results:</h3> All group comparisons were significant for race (p-values &lt;0.05). For ethnicity, group comparisons were significant for MGB vs. Pediatrics (p=0.01) and MGB vs. TS-COE (p=0.03). The proportion of: 1) Black TS individuals was lower in all clinics than in MGB, 2) white TS individuals was higher in the TS-COE (89.6%) compared to MGB (74.6%), and 3) Hispanic TS individuals was higher in Pediatrics (9.3%), but lower in the TS-COE (2.6%) when compared to those within MGB (5.2%). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> A more marked disparity is seen with lower proportions for Black TS individuals than Hispanic TS individuals across the clinics and in the TS-COE. Our findings illustrate the need for further research to identify relevant multi-level barriers to care for Black and Hispanic TS individuals. <b>Disclosure:</b> The institution of Dr. Dy-Hollins has received research support from CNCDP-K12. Lori B. Chibnik has nothing to disclose. Mr. Realbuto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rao has received research support from National Institute for Health. Dr. Rao has received research support from National Institute for Drug Abuse. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wiley. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wiley. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Cambridge Expert Witness. The institution of Dr. Sharma has received research support from NIH. Elyse Park has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Carol Mathews has received research support from NIH. Carol Mathews has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Dr. Scharf has received research support from the TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. Dr. Scharf has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Speaker for a TAA/CDC Family Day Symposium with the Tourette Association of America. Dr. Scharf has a non-compensated relationship as a Scientific Advisory Board Member with the Tourette Association of America that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.

EEG-based analysis for pilots' at-risk cognitive competency identification using RF-CNN algorithm.

Cognitive competency is an essential complement to the existing ship pilot screening system that should be focused on. Situation awareness (SA), as the cognitive foundation of unsafe behaviors, is susceptible to influencing piloting performance. To address this issue, this paper develops an identification model based on random forest- convolutional neural network (RF-CNN) method for detecting at-risk cognitive competency (i.e., low SA level) using wearable EEG signal acquisition technology. In the poor visibility scene, the pilots' SA levels were correlated with EEG frequency metrics in frontal (F) and central (C) regions, including α/β (p = 0.071 < 0.1 in F and p = 0.042 < 0.05 in C), θ/(α + θ) (p = 0.048 < 0.05 in F and p = 0.026 < 0.05 in C) and (α + θ)/β (p = 0.046 < 0.05 in F and p = 0.012 < 0.05 in C), and then a total of 12 correlation features were obtained based on a 5 s sliding time window. Using the RF algorithm developed by principal component analysis (PCA) for further feature combination, these salient combinations are used as input sets to obtain the CNN algorithm with optimal parameters for identification. The comparative results of the proposed RF-CNN (accuracy is 84.8%) against individual RF (accuracy is 78.1%) and CNN (accuracy is 81.6%) methods demonstrate that the RF-CNN with feature optimization provides the best identification of at-risk cognitive competency (accuracy increases 6.7%). Overall, the results of this paper provide key technical support for the development of an adaptive evaluation system of pilots' cognitive competency based on intelligent technology, and lay the foundation and framework for monitoring the cognitive process and competency of ship piloting operation in China.

FAKTOR KONSUMSI DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

The foundation of Muslim consumer behavior is different from conventional consumers. This paper aims to find out how the consumption factor is in an Islamic perspective and its differences in a conventional perspective. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study for data collection. Conventional consumers emphasize maximum satisfaction and efforts to fulfill needs and desires without restrictions. In contrast to Muslim consumers who have limitations in their consumption activities and strive to achieve optimal maslahah levels. Humans as rational man in conventional economics, and as Islamic man in Islamic economics. This also results in a difference between needs and wants.

Dynamic Analysis of Bidirectional Solar Arrays with Flexible Panels and Clearance Joints

The dynamic characteristics of a two-step deployable bidirectional solar array system with flexible panels and clearance joints are studied in this paper. Driving mechanisms, closed cable loop configurations, and latch mechanisms are considered in this system where normal contact force is established using a nonlinear spring damping model and the friction effect is determined by a modified Coulomb friction model. With the simulation strategy of activating different constraint states and applying latch torques, the multiple deployment and locking processes of the system are implemented. The results indicate that the second locking causes obvious vibration on the dynamic responses of the yoke and main panels and leads to a complex bidirectional vibration of the main panel connected to the side clearance joints. The equivalent suspension damping property produced by the coupling of the flexibility and clearances can reduce the vibration of the deployable components. Moreover, the attitude and orbital motion results reveal the effect of different deployment methods of the system on the spacecraft attitude. Finally, the trajectories of journal centers and contact forces are analyzed to indicate the foundation of the dynamic behavior of the system.

PARENTS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TO ORAL HYGIENE OF SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN

ABSTRACTBackground: Knowledge and attitudes of parents are important in underlying the formation of children's dental and oral hygiene behavior because parents are the foundation for children's behavior and also influence children's development and independence. The role and practice of parents can affect the dental and oral problems of special needs children which will increase when they are older. Purpose: Analyzing the relationship between parents’ knowledge and attitude toward oral hygiene of special needs children. Material And Methods: This study uses correlational analysis with a cross-sectional approach, the sampling technique is a simple random sampling technique. The study was held at SLB Negeri Samarinda with a total sample of 52 respondents using questionnaires to parents and examine children’s oral hygiene then the data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Results: Parent’s knowledge of (40,4%) in the moderate level, parent’s attitudes of (75%) in the positive category, and special need children’s oral hygiene of (55,8%) in the moderate category. The Spearman Rank test on parents’ knowledge obtained a significance of 0.000 (p&lt;0,05) which means there is a relationship between parent knowledge toward oral hygiene of special needs children and the measurement of parent attitudes obtained a significance of 0.000 (p&lt;0,05) which means there is a relationship between parent attitudes toward oral hygiene of special needs children Conclusion: The higher of knowledge and attitudes of parents toward oral hygiene, the better oral hygiene of special need children will.Keywords: Oral hygiene of special needs children, parent attitude, parent knowledge

High-precision spatial analysis of mouse courtship vocalization behavior reveals sex and strain differences

Mice display a wide repertoire of vocalizations that varies with sex, strain, and context. Especially during social interaction, including sexually motivated dyadic interaction, mice emit sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of high complexity. As animals of both sexes vocalize, a reliable attribution of USVs to their emitter is essential. The state-of-the-art in sound localization for USVs in 2D allows spatial localization at a resolution of multiple centimeters. However, animals interact at closer ranges, e.g. snout-to-snout. Hence, improved algorithms are required to reliably assign USVs. We present a novel algorithm, SLIM (Sound Localization via Intersecting Manifolds), that achieves a 2–3-fold improvement in accuracy (13.1–14.3 mm) using only 4 microphones and extends to many microphones and localization in 3D. This accuracy allows reliable assignment of 84.3% of all USVs in our dataset. We apply SLIM to courtship interactions between adult C57Bl/6J wildtype mice and those carrying a heterozygous Foxp2 variant (R552H). The improved spatial accuracy reveals that vocalization behavior is dependent on the spatial relation between the interacting mice. Female mice vocalized more in close snout-to-snout interaction while male mice vocalized more when the male snout was in close proximity to the female's ano-genital region. Further, we find that the acoustic properties of the ultrasonic vocalizations (duration, Wiener Entropy, and sound level) are dependent on the spatial relation between the interacting mice as well as on the genotype. In conclusion, the improved attribution of vocalizations to their emitters provides a foundation for better understanding social vocal behaviors.

A State-of-the-Art Review of Teach-Back for Patients and Families With Heart Failure: How Far Have We Come?

Heart failure (HF) prevalence has risen for more than a decade. Effective patient and family education strategies for HF are needed on a global scale. One widely used method of education is the teach-back method, where learners are provided information, then their understanding assessed by "teaching it back" to the educator. This state-of-the-art review article seeks to examine the evidence focusing on the teach-back method of patient education and patient outcomes. Specifically, this article describes (1) the teach-back process, (2) teach-back's effect on patient outcomes, (3) teach-back in the context of family care partners, and (4) recommendations for future research and practice. Study investigators report the use of teach-back, but few describe how teach-back was utilized. Study designs vary widely, with few having a comparison group, making conclusions across studies challenging. The effect of teach-back on patient outcomes is mixed. Some studies showed fewer HF readmissions after education using teach-back, but different times of measurement obscure understanding of longitudinal effects. Heart failure knowledge improved across most studies after teach-back interventions; however, results related to HF self-care were mixed. Despite family care partner involvement in several studies, how they were included in teach-back or the associated effects are unclear. Future clinical trials that evaluate the effect of teach-back education on patient outcomes, such as short- and long-term readmission rates, biomarkers, and psychological measures, are needed, as patient education is the foundation for self-care and health-related behaviors.

Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera

The order Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, sawflies, and bees) represents one of the most diverse animal lineages, but whether specific key innovations have contributed to its diversification is still unknown. We assembled the largest time-calibrated phylogeny of Hymenoptera to date and investigated the origin and possible correlation of particular morphological and behavioral innovations with diversification in the order: the wasp waist of Apocrita; the stinger of Aculeata; parasitoidism, a specialized form of carnivory; and secondary phytophagy, a reversal to plant-feeding. Here, we show that parasitoidism has been the dominant strategy since the Late Triassic in Hymenoptera, but was not an immediate driver of diversification. Instead, transitions to secondary phytophagy (from parasitoidism) had a major influence on diversification rate in Hymenoptera. Support for the stinger and the wasp waist as key innovations remains equivocal, but these traits may have laid the anatomical and behavioral foundations for adaptations more directly associated with diversification.

The Biblical Impact on Israeli Children's Literature

Israeli children's literature, which is based on the foundations and roots of ideas, beliefs and myths derived from the religious texts of the Torah, establishes and builds a generation that carries aggressive racist ideology and believes in violence and power as a way to achieve its goals and objectives. The texts, stories and ideas of the Torah, and the abundance of biblical religious stories, symbols, names and events in readable, illustrative and visual children's literature have had a prominent impact on the personality of the Israeli child. Israeli children's literature is a sequence of a certain ideology that has led to the great exploitation of young ages of children to cultivate concepts that are incompatible with the real needs appropriate to their ages, building false behavioral foundations and deviant concepts and perceptions that negatively affect the future of their days on their behavior and dealings with the outside world.

A survey inquiry into behavioral foundations of hate speech regulations: evidence from Japan

AbstractThis paper highlights the concept of dignity as the cornerstone that justifies hate speech regulations in democratic societies. In political theory and constitutional law, the primacy of dignity as the moral and legislative justification for regulating hate speech has already been addressed by dignitarianism, especially in the course of debate with free speech advocates. We aim to augment this important claim in the normative literature with empirical data. Specifically, based on our survey conducted in Japan, where its first national anti-hate speech law had only recently been enacted and ordinary citizens were thus less predisposed of the debate, we show that citizens' concerns about the dignity of a targeted victim lead them to support regulations. Our analysis further clarifies the possible mechanisms of the dignitarian rationale, revealing not only the people's public-centered expectation regarding the societal consequences of hate speech, which dignitarians emphasized, but also the importance of more individual-based judgments regarding morality and justice, in shaping their regulatory attitudes.

A Qualitative Study of Changes in Adolescent Dietary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Improvement Strategies for School-Provided Nutrition Counseling

This study utilized qualitative research to understand the changes taking place in adolescent dietary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the current status of school-provided nutrition counseling. These, along with barriers and strategies for improvement, were derived from focus group interviews with 10 nutrition teachers. Throughout the pandemic, adolescents experienced various dietary problems, including frequent meal skipping, unbalanced diets, increased obesity, and difficulties building positive attitudes towards food. To resolve these dietary problems, nutrition teachers recognized the need for school-provided nutrition counseling. However, nutrition teachers faced various barriers, such as a lack of time for nutrition counseling among students, lack of support from parents, and insufficient space and resources. To revitalize school-provided nutrition counseling, strategies such as home-connected nutrition counseling, the development of standardized guidelines, manuals for school-provided nutrition counseling, software support for nutrition diagnosis, and implementation of nutrition counseling in connection with cooking activities were proposed. This is important as school-provided nutrition counseling can help develop the foundation for healthy dietary behaviors and health promotion in adolescents.

Psychological capital and breakthrough innovation: The role of tacit knowledge sharing and task interdependence.

Compared with incremental innovation, breakthrough innovation is essential to sustaining competitive advantage, but breakthrough innovation has the characteristics of high standards and strict requirements. As the main body and foundation of enterprises, the attitude and behavior of employees play a vital role in enterprise innovation. Based on the positive organizational behavior theory and knowledge management theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and breakthrough innovation, and we also integrate tacit knowledge sharing and task interdependence into the research framework, so as to further explore the influence mechanism of employees' psychological capital on breakthrough innovation. Utilizing a quantitative method, this study takes employees of Yunnan coffee enterprises as investigation objects, the data was analyzed using regression analysis through SPSS 24.0, and the existence of mediation was further verified by Bootstrap test. The results showed that the psychological capital of employees have a positive impact on breakthrough innovation; tacit knowledge sharing partially mediates the relationship between psychological capital and breakthrough innovation; and task interdependence plays a moderating role, that is, the stronger the task interdependence, the stronger the influence of employee psychological capital on breakthrough innovation. This study enriches the research on the influencing factors of breakthrough innovation of Yunnan coffee industry, expands the application scenarios of the related theory, emphasizes that the importance of psychological capital and the breakthrough innovation is the result of the interaction and value-added linkage of various internal and external resources.

Vocal signals with different social or non-social contexts in two wild rodent species (Mus caroli and Rattus losea).

The ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of rodents play a substantial role in the communication and interaction between individuals; exhibit a high degree of complexity; and are influenced by a multitude of developmental, environmental, and phylogenetic factors. The functions of USVs are mainly studied in laboratory mice or rats. However, the behavioral relevance of USVs in wild rodents is poorly studied. In this work, we systematically investigated the vocal repertoire of the wild mouse Mus caroli and wild rat Rattus losea in multiple social or non-social contexts, e.g., pup-isolation, juvenile-play, paired opposite-sex encounter, female-female interaction, social-exploring, or foot-shock treatment. Unlike the laboratory mice, M. caroli, whose USVs were recorded during pup-isolation and courtship behaviors, did not produce any vocal sounds during juvenile-play and female-female interactions. R. losea, similar to laboratory rats, emitted USVs in all test situations. We found higher peak frequencies of USVs in both these two wild rodent species than in laboratory animals. Moreover, the parameters and structures of USVs varied significantly across different social or non-social contexts even within each species, confirming the context-sensitivity and complexity of vocal signals in rodents. We also noted a striking difference in call types between these two species: no downward type occurred in M. caroli, but no upward type occurred in R. losea, thereby highlighting the interspecific difference of vocal signals among rodents. Thus, the present study presents behavioral foundations of the vocalization context in wild mice and wild rats, and contributes to revealing the behavioral significance of widely used USVs in rodents.

Psychological Features of Teenage Development in Conditions of Family Deprivation

Adolescence is characterized as transitional, rather difficult, complex, critical and has a major significance in the formation of a person’s personality: the scope of activity expands, the character changes qualitatively, the foundations of behavior are laid and moral ideas are formed. This article discusses the features of the development of adolescents in conditions of family deprivation. After all, it is the family that influences the formation of the child’s personality. Preventive measures are also proposed that will help eliminate the deviant behavior of adolescents in conditions of family deprivation.

A Behavioral Foundation of Satiation and Habituation

Tastes change over time. People’s tastes are distorted through two channels: satiation formation and habit formation. In this paper, we develop a theoretical foundation of satiation and habituation by an axiomatic approach. Our theory is based on a hierarchy of preference conditions called compensation independence. The behavioral assumption underlying the preference conditions are the psychological compensation of human beings. I flesh out an axiomatic system for general models of satiation and habit formation, which contains many functional forms in the literature as special cases. Moreover, I advance the axiomatization to accommodate the linear representations of satiation and habit formation that are prevailing in the literature. This paper contributes to the birth of a new generation of the behavioral foundation for modeling satiation and habit formation, which might improve on the current state of the art in understanding people’s tastes over time and preferences. Theoretically, this study contributes to the vein of time-nonseparable preferences.

Genome-wide analysis for nanofiber induced global gene expression profile: A study in MC3T3-E1 cells by RNA-Seq

Nanofibers are one of the attractive biomaterials that can provide unique environments to direct cell behaviors. However, how nanofiber structure affects the global gene expression of laden cells remains unclear. Herein, high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is applied to analyze the transcriptome of the MC3T3-E1 cells (a model osteoblast cell line) cultured on electrospun nanofibers. The cell-adhesive poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and membranes are developed by the mussel-inspired coating of gelatin-dopamine conjugate under H2O2-mediated oxidation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on nanofibers exhibit elongated morphology and increased proliferation compared with those on membranes. The differences in global gene expression profiles are determined by RNA-seq, in which 905 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified. Significantly, the DEGs related to cytoskeleton, promotion of cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, are higher expressed in the cells on nanofibers, while the DEGs involved in cell-cycle arrest and osteoblast mineralization are up-regulated in the cells on membranes. This study elucidates the roles of nanofiber structure in affecting gene expression of laden cells at the whole transcriptome level, and it will lay the foundation for understanding nanofiber-guided cell behaviors.

The Mediating Effect of Work Ethics on the Relationship between Organizational Behavior Foundations and Classroom Management

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of work ethics on the relationship between organizational behaviour foundations and classroom management among 300 teachers in Division of Davao del Sur. This study employed non-experimental design utilizing path analysis correlation technique. The statistical tools used were mean, Pearson r, and path analysis using SPSS. Research instruments on organizational behaviour foundations, classroom management, and work ethics which were validated were used as sources of data. Using Pearson r, the results revealed that there is significant relationship between organizational behaviour foundations and classroom management, organizational behaviour foundations and work ethics, and work ethics and classroom management. Utilizing path analysis, the results of the study revealed that there is a partial mediation of work ethics on the relationship between organizational behaviour foundations and classroom management. Consequently, the findings of this study contended that work ethics as mediating variable carries a half influence on organizational behaviour foundations and classroom management. Thus, it can be inferred that organizational behaviour foundations caused classroom management because of the presence work ethics and other factors not included in the model. Moreover, the research findings suggested that organizational behaviour foundations of teachers cannot function if the work ethics is not elevated and used as a factor to influence classroom management.