Combustion Of Fossil Fuels Research Articles

The Integration of Economic, Environmental, and Social Aspects by Developing and Demonstrating an Analytical Framework That Combines Methods and Indicators Using Mavumira Village as a Case Study

Access to electricity is a crucial factor in boosting the economic, environmental, and social development of developing nations. This study presents a framework that combines and integrates indicators and methods to determine the most sustainable solution for off-grid electrification, focusing on the Mavumira village in Mozambique. The framework covers various methods including input–output, life cycle assessment based on SimaPro, and HOMER. Data for the analysis were obtained from the literature, the HOMER database, and the ecoinvent database. Our results show that renewables are the most sustainable solutions compared to diesel-only options as they can lower the cost of electricity by 20%, create approximately 26 more local jobs, reduce about 77% of greenhouse gas emissions caused by burning fossil fuels, and have higher values of HDI than diesel-only options. Using the MCDA (TOPSIS method), we found that the future renewable scenario ranked highest with a closeness value of one, while the diesel-only option ranked third and fourth on a ranking scale from 1 to 4. This study concludes with future research directions for applying the framework to other case studies using different renewable technologies like wind, hydropower, and biomass in villages with similar characteristics to Mavumira. The novelty of this study lies in applying various methods and indicators to analyze the sustainability of an implemented project for the current and future scenarios. Additionally, the framework presented in this study would assist policymakers in selecting the best energy alternatives for rural electrification.

Changes in properties of thermal insulations under certain environmental effects

AbstractSaving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a priority for the construction sector. Heating of buildings requires the burning of fossil fuels, which can be significantly reduced by insulating the building envelope. Nowadays, the thermal insulation of buildings is essential. There are several important, well-known data about most thermal insulation materials, but there is only negligible information about the change of their properties under installation conditions or if they are already exposed to additional stresses due to structural failures and damages. This study aimed to examine the changes in properties of three common thermal insulation materials when installed in a flat roof or facade and exposed to excess moisture due to the damage of waterproofing or façade and/or when exposed to direct strong sunlight.

Advocating for planetary health is an essential part of advocating for children's health.

Burning of fossil fuels along with deforestation and ecological disruption have led to the warming of the Earth and climate change. Children are especially vulnerable to adverse health effects of climate change associated changes in the air, soil, and water as their organs are still developing, have a faster breathing rate, higher per pound ingested and inhaled exposures, and greater relative body surface area. To protect this vulnerable population, health care professionals need to play a leading role. In 2015, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated their original 2007 Global Climate Change and Children's Health policy statement (again updated in 2024) stating that, "failure to take prompt, substantive action would be an act of injustice to all children." Health care professionals need to educate themselves and their patients of the health risks posed by climate change and incorporate climate change counseling into their practice. They also need to go beyond the framework of the healthcare system and work collaboratively with communities, corporations, and governments to advocate for policies and solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The health and wellbeing of future generations rests upon the actions we take today. IMPACT: Summarizes the adverse effects of increased anthropogenic activity and burning of fossil fuels on planetary and human health Details the increased vulnerability of children to environmental assaults and their long-term effects Provides guidance and resources to health care professionals to empower them to act as advocates for systemic and structural changes that protect children's health.

Exploring the Interactions of Climate Change, Freshwater Supply, and Environmental Balance

Climate change has far-reaching implications for global freshwater availability and environmental balance. The increase in greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels has triggered global climate change, affecting precipitation patterns, glacier melt and sea level rise. Parts of the United States are experiencing significant changes in precipitation patterns, with some areas experiencing frequent storms and others experiencing more prolonged droughts. Accelerated glacier melt is leading to fewer water sources during the dry season, and sea level rise is threatening coastal freshwater resources, triggering saltwater intrusion and a decline in freshwater quality. Wildfires in California are an important consequence of climate change, severely affecting freshwater resources and environmental balance. Wildfires lead to reduced water resources, impacting agricultural water use and irrigation infrastructure, and affecting water quality through increased sediment and pollutant loads. The 2018 Camp Hill Fire contaminated local water sources, and the rebuilding process has increased demand for water resources, exacerbating resource constraints. Global warming has lengthened wildfire seasons and increased fire intensity, leading to increased pressure on freshwater resources. By analyzing the impacts of climate change on freshwater resources, this paper hopes to draw public attention to environmental protection and provide a reference for gradually optimizing ecosystems and creating a healthy living environment.

Current hydrogen production methods and their economic and environmental analysis

As global temperatures continue to rise due to the extensive use of fossil energy sources, concerns about the environment continue to deepen. Accelerating the energy transition is a major trend, and countries are continuously increasing the proportion of clean energy in the energy supply. Hydrogen energy is one of the most promising clean energy sources and a hot research topic in various countries. Hydrogen production is a key step in the use of hydrogen energy, this paper focuses on the current mainstream hydrogen production methods including electrolysis of water, solar decomposition of water, biomass hydrogen production, nuclear technology, steam methane reforming, coal gasification, methane pyrolysis, etc. And the economic and environmental benefits of each method. According to studies, the mainstream method of producing hydrogen today involves burning fossil fuels, and more recent methods—like the electrolysis of water—need a lot more testing and development before they can be used extensively. The implementation of CCS or CCUS technology can considerably lower the carbon emissions of the hydrogen production process when it comes to hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, but doing so will result in higher energy costs and hydrogen production costs. This paper is expected to support future research directions and help governmental decision-making in the energy transition.

Experimental research on the bubble dynamic characteristics during carbon capture in the novel prepared functionalized porous ionic liquids

Porous ionic liquids have received widespread attention as one of the novel CO2 absorbers to reduce CO2 produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Based on this, the CO2 capture experiments are conducted in ionic liquids ([TEP][MIm] and [TEP][FA]), and the porous ionic liquid (ZIF-8/[TEP][MIm]). The dynamic characteristics of CO2 bubbles in different concentrations of ZIF-8/[TEP][MIm] liquid are researched. The results show that the CO2 capture capacity of the aqueous solution with a concentration of [TEP][MIm] of 20 wt% reaching 2.06 mol/mol ILs. The optimal addition amount of ZIF-8 in the porous ionic liquid using the ethylene glycol as a cosolvent is 1.0 g/100 g, and the maximum CO2 capture amount is about 2.22 mol/mol. Furthermore, the aspect ratio and cross-sectional ratio of CO2 bubbles generated by the four nozzles decrease with the increase of ZIF-8 and [TEP][MIm] concentrations, and the difference between the extreme values of CO2 equivalent diameter under experimental conditions is about 0.513 cm. In addition, the Eo number decreases with the rise of CO2 bubble, and the maximum different value is about 2.94. This work explores the dynamic characteristics of CO2 bubbles in ZIF-8/[TEP][MIm] within a bubbling tower, aiming to optimize the CO2 capture process and provide a valuable reference for advancements in the carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology.

High-temperature heat pumps in industrial heating networks: A study on energy use, emissions, and economics

Industrial heat significantly contributes to global primary energy use and primarily relies on fossil-fuel combustion. Recovering residual heat in the industry offers a means to reduce overall energy use. However, the temperature and amount of residual heat available varies widely across industrial sites. Some may have a large amount of residual heat available at relatively high temperatures, while others may not have any residual heat available. Furthermore, for most industries, the residual heat available is at temperatures below 100 °C, while the heat demands are at higher temperatures. Hence, clustering these industries by industrial heating networks, using high-temperature heat pump integration, could offer a promising solution. Research on this concept regarding energy use, emissions and economics is however lacking in the literature. This study however distinguishes and subsequently compares three different heat network configurations in terms of their energy use, carbon emissions and financial appraisal. These configurations include a ‘consumer based heat upgrading network’, a ‘supplier based heat upgrading network’ and a ‘supplier based heat upgrading network with an additional hot water network’. For this purpose a generic methodology is developed, using first and second law principles completed with empirical data for performance and costs. The methodology is applied to data collected from ten companies clustered within the North Sea Port, Ghent (Belgium). The results indicate that the first configuration exhibits the most efficient use of energy and consequently also has the lowest carbon emissions. In addition it also has the lowest levelized cost of heat. This configuration shows, depending on maximum supply temperature of the heat pump, a potential reduction in carbon emissions ranging from 70 % to 80 % in comparison to natural gas boilers. Considering low gas prices, a positive financial appraisal is difficult without carbon taxation. On the other hand, an evaluation during the energy crisis of 2021–2022 indicates that the even without carbon taxation, the levelized cost of heat decreases by 19 % compared to a gas boiler at a maximum heat pump temperature of 160 °C. It was also found that in scenarios of dynamic energy prices a hybrid configuration of a consumer based heat upgrading network and a natural gas boiler could lower the LCOH compared to the individual solutions, by up to 7.6 % compared to the best individual solution. This is done by activating the technology with the lowest operational cost in each time frame.

Distributive justice concerns when combating air pollution: The joint modelling of attitudes and preferences

Distributive justice is an important but often overlooked factor in policy evaluation. We thus examine how people's attitudes towards distributive justice affect their preferences for programmes aimed at reducing ambient air pollution resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels for residential heating. To do so, we carried out two multifactorial survey experiments that allowed us to incorporate justice attitudes into non-market valuation. The first experiment focused on recording justice attitudes towards payment distribution for air quality improvement, while the second experiment measured the willingness to pay for air pollution reduction programmes. Both experiments were conducted with the same respondents, from four cities in Poland, and were conducted separately one to two weeks apart. As a modelling approach, we employ a hybrid choice model. Our findings indicate that people strongly support an equity-based cost distribution and that those with a stronger equity-based distributive justice attitude are more willing to pay for air quality improvement programmes.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Evaluation of a Horizontal-axis Wind Turbine with a Bionic Blade

With the world's energy supply becoming increasingly scarce, wind power is gaining popularity as a clean source of renewable energy which is good for the environment. Thus, it is an alternative to burning fossil fuels such as coal, which may have an environmental impact during operations due to the emissions of unwanted gases. Wind turbines are the devices used to produce power by moving a turbine's propeller-like blades around a rotor, which spins a generator that generates energy as air passes through them. However, existing wind turbines still suffer from low conversion efficiencies. Therefore, in this current study, the bionic blade design has been used to enhance the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine utilizing a computational simulation approach while seeking to improve its efficiency. The blade profile of the model used was based on the NACA 0012 airfoil with the modified angle of attack. The hybrid shear stress transport (SST) k-omega was used as the turbulence model. The computational procedures involved the use of various inlet velocities while maintaining a constant rotational speed. The results show that the bionic design was found to improve the overall performance of the standard NACA0012 blade design. Moreover, both power and torque coefficient outputs increase as the tip speed ratio (TSR) increases. However, the torque decreases as the TSR increases. In terms of power coefficient, the highest conversion efficiency was about 28% and it was achieved at 3.7 TSR.

Long-term effects of air pollution on daily outpatient visits for allergic conjunctivitis from 2013 to 2020: a time-series study in Urumqi, China.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of outdoor air pollution and allergic conjunctivitis and population-based lagged effects of air pollution. We included data on six major air pollutants, PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), and 3325 allergic conjunctivitis outpatient visits in Urumqi, northwest China, from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2020. We developed quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression models with distributed lagged nonlinear models (DLNM), and single and multi-pollutant models were constructed to investigate single-day and cumulative lagged effects in detail. Our results confirmed that elevated PM10 and NO2 levels are significantly associated with increased allergic conjunctivitis outpatient visits with lags of 2 and 3 days respectively, and subgroup analyses further suggest that the effects of PM10 and NO2 on allergic conjunctivitis are more pronounced during the warm season. Women are more sensitive to PM10 exposure and the effect of air pollution on allergic conjunctivitis is influenced by age (e.g., infancy and older people). Our work provides the first time-series study in Urumqi, the world's furthest inland city from the ocean. Further implementation of specific outdoor air pollution controls such as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, as well as special population protection policies remain necessary. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

Energy Transition in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Regional Solutions for Climate Change Challenges Amid Economic Sanctions

As the world grapples with the urgent priority of transitioning to a net-zero future, there exists a shared need to make all efforts to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, mostly caused by burning fossil fuels. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region plays an important role because of its oil and natural gas output. Additionally, this region has experienced significant conflict and numerous wars. This article will focus on one of the many challenges that some key states in the MENA region, with a main focus on Iran, are facing in their energy transition. Several countries in the MENA region are or have recently been subject to some form of economic sanctions. Sanctions appear to have had a material impact on these countries’ abilities to fulfill their contributions to transitioning to a net-zero economy. Research suggests that the chief obstacles they face regarding that transition is the lack of access to the latest technologies, a dearth of financing, limited or often no direct investments in low carbon industry, diplomatic isolation, and the concomitant economic volatility caused by sanctions, which in sum, take away from the financial capacity of a target country to save and invest for the transition to net zero. Therefore, it is crucial to revisit sanctions laws and policies, ensuring that they do not hinder the global community from achieving its climate goals. This article proposes establishing a regional ‘climate savings account’ to serve as a strategic mechanism to balance geopolitical interests and environmental goals.

Extracting the Ultradeep Oil: David Mitchell’s The Bone Clocks

ABSTRACT David Mitchell’s The Bone Clocks reworks the novel form with its generic experimentation, a gesture in response to the transformed geosocial contours of the Anthropocene. Straddling between the realist and the fantastical, the novel decentralizes human perspective that proves increasingly unsatisfactory to confront the complex causality of climate change for imaginative and conceptual limits. In this essay, I argue that Mitchell attends to a conceptual limit imposed by petroculture, one that refuses to connect the future warming climate with the present large-scale combustion of fossil fuels. The temporal disjunction evolves into a strong antagonism between present and future, which can be tellingly revealed by the coupling of realist and fantastical traditions. Mitchell’s genre-blending device therefore pushes the novel form beyond its usual near-sightedness, excavating a deeper layer of climate-induced crisis of human imagination, namely the present’s inability to recognize the delayed effects of its unsustainable consumption pattern. Viewed through an energy-oriented perspective, The Bone Clocks engages with modernity’s ultradeep relationship with oil, complicating our understanding of climate temporality that matters in terms of intergenerational justice.

A Framework for Industry 4.0 Related Green Concept Integration of Services Component in Commercial Buildings

The effects of global warming are far-reaching and can affect and threaten every aspect of human existence. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have mainly contributed to the emission of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Construction activities and practices are one such human activity. Building services are the aspects of a building that ensure the occupants are comfortable and secure within the building. However, building services use resources such as energy and water to create such comfort. The 4.0 era of industry has introduced dimensions to Green Building Concepts and practices of creating structures and processes that are environmentally friendly, responsible and resource efficient. This research, therefore, seeks to develop a framework for the integration of Industry 4.0-related green concepts into services in commercial buildings. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this research to provide information concerning integrating green concepts into building services in commercial buildings in Nigeria. Data were collected with questionnaires from 106 built environment professionals who also use commercial buildings in the study area of Abuja. Statistical tools for frequency, percentage, mean score, relative important index (RII), independent samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test and the factor reduction method based on eigen values were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that quality indoor air conditioning is the most critical satisfaction parameter for users within commercial buildings, with an average mean score of 3.81. The aesthetic effect of installed services on the building façade and high-quality building services components was ranked high, with an average mean score of 3.33 for each. The results also indicated that the lack of relevant technology and inadequate training of service personnel hindered the growth of green building concepts in Nigeria. These factors had a mean score of 4.35 each. Professionals ranked energy efficient/saving bulbs, e.g., CFLs, remote controlled, sensored lights, natural daylight, solar photovoltaic panels and building management systems, as the most effective green components that can be incorporated into commercial buildings. These factors and others were combined to create a framework for integrating green concepts for services into commercial buildings. When the construction industry and government in Nigeria adopt this framework, it can promote more integration of green concepts into commercial building services.

CH4 and CO emission estimates for megacities: deriving enhancement ratios of CO2, CH4, and CO from GOSAT-2 observations

Abstract Enhancement ratios among trace gases co-emitted by combustion of fossil fuels vary with emission sources and their combustion efficiency. We used column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO) from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2), a unique satellite that observes them simultaneously with the same field of view, to derive the enhancement ratios (ΔXCO/ΔXCO2, ΔXCO/ΔXCH4, and ΔXCH4/ΔXCO2) for the 40 most populous cities in the world. These enhancement ratios were used to evaluate the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). For cities where the difference in the 2015 EDGAR CO emissions between the latest versions (v6.1 and v5.0) was 30% or less, the GOSAT-2 ΔXCO/ΔXCO2 ratios and EDGAR (v6.1/v7.0) CO/CO2 emission ratios were in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.65). For ~70% of the cities where the difference of CO emissions exceeded 30%, the EDGAR CO/CO2 emission ratios using v6.1 CO emissions were in better agreement with the GOSAT-2 ΔXCO/ΔXCO2 ratios than those using v5.0 CO emissions, indicating that v6.1 CO emissions were improved over v5.0 emissions. However, for the remaining cities, the version upgrade may have reduced the CO emissions too much. The CH4 and CO emissions for each city were then estimated from the ΔXCH4/ΔXCO2 and ΔXCO/ΔXCO2 ratios, respectively, by reference to the CO2 emissions from the Open-data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) or EDGAR. Compared to our estimates using the ODIAC (EDGAR) CO2 emissions, the EDGAR v7.0 CH4 and v6.1 CO emissions were underestimated for 74% (57%) and 76% (53%), respectively, of all cities where results were available. For several cities where emissions were estimated using in situ observations and ground-based remote sensing observations, our results were in reasonable agreement with these results. The implication is that satellite-derived enhancement ratios can provide informative constraints on anthropogenic emissions in megacities.

Coupling Effect of Elemental Carbon and Organic Carbon on the Changes of Optical Properties and Oxidative Potential of Soot Particles under Visible Light.

Soot particles, coming from the incomplete combustion of fossil or biomass fuels, feature a core-shell structure with inner elemental carbon (EC) and outer organic carbon (OC). Both EC and OC are known to be photoactive under solar radiation. However, research on their coupling effect during photochemical aging remains limited. This study examines how the optical properties and oxidative potential (OP) of wood, coal, and diesel soot particles with varying EC and OC levels are affected by exposure to visible light. Wood soot, which has the highest OC content, showed the most significant changes in both optical properties and OP, indicating its highest sensitivity to visible light aging. Molecular composition analysis revealed that the reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methyl-PAHs primarily affects the optical properties, while oxygenated PAHs play a major role in OP. Combined with the results from reactive oxygen species detection, it is suggested that EC initiates photoreactions by generating superoxide anions, while OC undergoes compositional changes that result in subsequent atmospheric effects. These findings enhance our understanding of the photochemical aging process of soot particles and their implications for climate and health.

Analysis and Exploration of Carbon Emission Dataset using Machine Learning Techniques

One of the primary environmental climate issues in metropolitan cities is that most people are faced with low air quality. Climate variance is impacting the world, triggering drought, storms, and extreme weather events. The primary contributor to climate change is affected greenhouse carbon gas emissions, of which carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) make up the majority. The carbon emissions are expected to rise steadily worldwide. Many factors, including the burning of fossil fuels in transportation and manufacturing sectors, cause climate variance. Fast urbanization has used a high rate of motor vehicles as compared to a rural area. In metropolitan cities across the world, automobiles are the primary cause of air pollution. The use rate of vehicles keeps increasing, and that results in traffic congestion. This work is focusing on collecting two real-time vehicle emission datasets from two different devices to predict and compare the emissions of different light-duty vehicles by using the machine learning techniques. This research also analyzes the Canadian government emission dataset It shows the results of emission by fuel type and vehicle model. It shows the comparison graph of, mean square error, root mean square error and accuracy comparison of different machine learning algorithms. The work suggests some policies for reducing the carbon emissions. Even the government can adapt certain policies for mitigating the carbon emissions of individual vehicles. In this research work issues for reducing the emission of individual vehicles have been addressed. This work helps the automobile sector to reduce the emission and play a part to save the environment.

Environmental impacts of mechanically stabilised earth walls

Mechanically stabilised earth (MSE) walls have gained widespread popularity in North America because of their cost-effectiveness and reliable performance. Although the use of carbon-intensive materials for MSE walls is significantly lower compared to conventional retaining walls like concrete gravity walls and cantilever walls, heavy earthwork and transportation activities are involved in the construction of MSE walls, which increase their carbon footprint. The intensity of construction and transportation activities need particular attention because these are heavily reliant on the combustion of fossil fuels. In this study, the environmental impacts of MSE walls, reinforced by two common types – steel strips and geogrid – are quantified using life cycle assessment (LCA). A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of (i) soil properties, (ii) material properties of reinforcement, (iii) applied load, (iv) design parameters, and (v) hauling distances of materials on the global warming impact of MSE walls. Based on the study, reference charts are developed for the purpose of quick estimation of global warming impact of MSE walls based on design dimensions, applied load, and site conditions.

The Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases in a Wilderness Medicine Context.

The imminent climate crisis has been labeled as the biggest health threat humanity must deal with. Vector-borne disease distribution and transmission as well as the population at risk are influenced to a great degree by environmental and climactic factors affecting both the vectors themselves and the causative pathogens. Paired with an increase in worldwide travel, urbanization, and globalization, along with population displacements and migration, elucidating the effects of anthropogenic climate change on these illnesses is therefore of the essence to stave off potential negative sequelae. Outcomes on different vector-borne diseases will be diverse, but for many of them, these developments will result in a distribution shift or expansion with the possibility of (re-)introduction of vector and pathogen species in previously nonendemic areas. The consequence will be a growing likelihood for novel human, vector, and pathogen interactions with an increased risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality. Wilderness medicine professionals commonly work in close relationship to the natural environment and therefore will experience these alterations most strongly in their practice. Hence, this article attempts to bring awareness to the subject at hand in a wilderness medicine context, with a focus on malaria, the most burdensome of arthropod-borne diseases. For prevention of the potentially dire consequences on human health induced by climate change, concerted and intensified efforts to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and thus greenhouse gas emissions will be imperative on a global scale.

System Dynamics Model of CO2 Pollution Stocks Changes Due to Emissions and Absorbent in Indonesia

Air pollution, including CO2 pollution, is a serious issue worldwide, including in Indonesia. This CO2 pollution can impact public health and the environment. In the context of economic development, activities in Indonesia are increasing, leading to higher CO2 emissions. The highest CO2 emissions come from deforestation, large-scale peatland fires, and, to a lesser extent, burning fossil fuels for energy. This research focuses on a simple System Dynamics model approach to understand the cause-and-effect relationship of changes in CO2 pollution stocks concerning emissions and absorption in Indonesia. The method used in this study is qualitative based on system dynamics. System dynamics is a method that can be used to create structures, predict behavior, and provide feedback. The System Dynamics model uses Powersim Studio 10 Express, covering the research period from 2020 to 2040. The results of the system dynamics model show two structures related to CO2 pollution stocks: a positive feedback (reinforcing loop) from CO2 emissions and a negative feedback (balancing loop) from CO2 absorbent. The behavior of the model is exponential growth, it’s also considered valid due to simulation results based on real data processing and statistical analysis, yielding an Average Means Error (AME) of 0.56%.

Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to ammonia (NH3) on metal-free B4@g-C3N4 nanosheet

The combustion of fossil fuels releases substantial amounts of nitric oxide (NO), posing serious environmental and health risks. Addressing NO pollution effectively is, therefore, a pressing need. Conversion of NO into valuable chemicals is an appealing strategy with dual benefits, including waste utilization and sustainable energy transformation. In this study, we investigate the metal-free electrocatalytic reduction of NO (NORR) to NH3 on a B4 atomic cluster supported by a g-C3N4 nanosheet (B4@g-C3N4) using density functional theory (DFT). Our findings reveal that NO is efficiently activated on the B4@g-C3N4 catalyst, favoring side-on and N end-on adsorption configurations. Significant electron transfer and strong adsorption energies confirm the chemisorption of NO. The NORR exhibits an impressively low limiting potential (UL) of −0.29 V in the gas phase, which decreases further under solvent effects and varying charge states (−2e-, −1e-, +1e-, +2e-). Additionally, the high negative UL values for competing side reactions such as H2 (−0.42 V), N2 (−0.29 V), and N2O (−0.72 V) underscore the selectivity of B4@g-C3N4 for ammonia synthesis. These results highlight the promising potential of B4@g-C3N4 nanosheets for eco-friendly ammonia production from NO, providing a theoretical basis for future experimental efforts to combat NO pollution.