Form Of Infestation Research Articles

Imaging spectrum of Alveolar Hydatid as per PNM Classification.

Introduction: There are two forms of infestation by Echinococcus: the unilocular cystic form caused by E. granuloses is much more common than the rare multilocular alveolar form caused by E. multilocularis. Without early diagnosis and treatment, disease has poor prognosis. Death eventually results from hepatobiliary complications like cholangitis or secondary biliary cirrhosis; bleeding from esophageal or duodenal varices due to portal hypertension, Budd-Chiari disease, or obstruction of the vena cava; or complications related to heart, lung, or brain involvement. Materials and Method: This was an observational study where a cohort of 24 patients with avascular hepatic mass on ultrasound were subjected to triple phase contrast computerized tomography over a span of two years from December 2020 to November 2022 in GMC, Srinagar. Aim: The aim of the study was to present the Imaging spectrum of alveolar Hydatid on CECT as per PNM classification and to assess characteristics of alveolar hydatid on contrast enhanced computed Tomography. Results: The most common form of alveolar hydatid in liver was an infiltrating non enhancing heterogeneous mass lesion with irregular margins with internal calcifications (75%) cases. Calcification was seen in 22(91.6%) out of 24 cases (P value < 0.001). All of the masses were non enhancing with peripheral rim enhancement in only 5 cases (20.8%). P2N0M0 was the most common stage found on CECT as per PNM classification in 14(58.3%) patients followed by P1N0M0 in about 4 patients (16.6%). P3 and P4 stage was found in 3 patients (12.5%) each. N1 stage was found in 2 patients (8.3%). M1 stage was found in 3(12.5%) patients with metastasis to lung in two cases and Brain in one case. Conclusion: CECT has a very important role to suggest diagnosis of Alveolar Echinococcosis since MRI take long acquisition times. Radiologists especially those residing in endemic region must be aware of imaging findings of Alveolar Echinococcosis so that they can direct clinicians to take proper therapeutic decision.

A Noninvasive Method to Identify Larvae in Apples Based on Wavelets

Foodstuffs often experience great damage as a result of various forms of infestation or plague. A very common plague is a form of larval infestation that attacks several fruits, including apples. A novel method to identify larval infestations in apples is introduced. This noninvasive method is based on the use of ultrasonic waves, wavelets, and statistical analysis. A wavelet algorithm was preferred over other techniques because it allows a better description of the ultrasonic signal received from the fruit. A total of 998 red delicious apples were sampled, of which, 291 apples were infested by Cydia pomonella. All samples were scanned using ultrasonic waves, and reflecting signals were analyzed with wavelets to determine whether the fruit was intact or infested by larva. The experiments were validated using normality tests and analysis of variance and corroborated by comparing the results with the physical evidence in the specimens. The results show that the signal is attenuated at the center of the apple, which means that the density inside the apple changes as a result of the presence of larva. In addition, the proposed method effectively detected (p < 0.01) the presence of larva within the fruit in real time.

Atypical Scabies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Recent reports have increasingly linked scabies with congenital or acquired immunosuppression. It is important to be aware of this form of infestation, because its unusual clinical signs may be easily overlooked. Scabies can mimic several diseases, including cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the infestation has rarely been reported in patients with SLE. The objective of this report is to describe a rare case of atypical (exaggerated) scabies in SLE that illustrates a pitfall in the recognition of the infestation, since such recognition took place belatedly. We hope that this case will draw attention to the possibility of scabies whenever a widespread erythematosquamous dermatosis develops in a case of SLE.

Surgical aspects of parasitic disease in childhood

This is a review article concerning the surgical aspects of parasitic disease in childhood. The surgeon encounters parasitic disease for a variety of reasons. Many forms of infestation produce or mimic anatomic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Others are characterized by soft tissue or visceral mass lesions, lymphadenopathy, portal hypertension, etc. The surgical aspects of parasitism extend to all subspecialties, including ophthalmology, gynecology, and plastic surgery.