Formocresol In Pulpotomy Research Articles

Efficacy of Biodentine versus formocresol in pulpotomy of primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate and meta-analyze the short-and long-term clinical and radiologic failure rates of Biodentine versus formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth. Relevant medical databases were searched until May 2021 for randomized controlled trials that used Biodentine and formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth with deep caries. Primary outcomes included clinical and radiologic failure rates at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were clinical and radiologic failure rates at 3, 6, 9, 13 to 24, and 25 to 48 months. Nine randomized controlled trials (N = 626) with low risk of bias were included. Pooled analysis showed that compared to formocresol, Biodentine had significantly lower clinical failure rates (relative risk [RR] 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03 to 0.87; six randomized controlled trials; N = 394; GRADE, low) and radiologic failure rates (RR 0.19; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.49; six randomized controlled trials; N = 393; GRADE, low) at 12 months. Radiologic failure rates at 6 and 9 months were significantly lower in the Biodentine group compared to the formocresol group. Compared to formocresol, Biodentine may be a superior medicament when used for pulpotomy in primary teeth. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate this evidence.

Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Propolis and Propolis Mixed with Chitosan Effect on Pulp of Primary Molars Versus Formocresol: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: To evaluate clinically and radiographically the postoperative success of Propolis, Propolis mixed with Chitosan and Formocresol in pulpotomy procedure for primary molars. Materials and Methods: 30 Primary molars in 10 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. In this study pulpotomy was carried out on 30 molars and depending on the type of radicular pulp medicament, the molars were divided randomly and equally into three groups: Group I (formocresol group), Group II (Propolis and Chitosan mixture group) and Group III (Propolis group). Clinical follow up was done after 1, 3 and 6 months. Periapical radiographs also were taken at 1, 3 and 6 months follow up visits. Results: No statistically significant difference between groups in the overall cumulative clinical or radiographic success at follow up visits P value ≤. 0.05 Conclusion: Propolis mixed with Chitosan can be considered as a good natural alternative to formocresol in primary molars pulpotomy.

How does mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) compare with formocresol for pulpotomy of primary teeth with extensive decay?

How does mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) compare with formocresol for pulpotomy of primary teeth with extensive decay?

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Allium sativum Oil (Garlic Oil) in Comparison with Formocresol in Primary Molar Pulpotomy.

Background:Given the side effects of formocresol as a common substance in dental pulpotomy, its substitution with a safe substance seems mandatory.Aim:To compare the clinical and radiographic success of Allium sativum oil and formocresol in the pulpotomy of the primary molars.Materials and Methods:A randomized, split-mouth, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted on children with at least two asymptomatic primary molars requiring pulpotomy. A total of 90 teeth were examined in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: the A. sativum (ALL) group (n = 45) and the formocresol (FC) group (n = 45). After pulpotomy, A. sativum oil was applied to the radicular pulp in the ALL groups and formocresol in the FC group. The pulp chamber was then filled with reinforced Zinc oxide Eugenol and finally restored by a stainless steel crown. Three and six months after the intervention, the teeth were evaluated by a colleague based on a modified criteria system. The results were analyzed using Wilcoxon’s test.Results:The clinical success rate was 100% in both groups after 3 and 6 months. The radiographic success rate in the ALL group and the FC group after 3 and 6 months was 82.2% and 80% and 88.9% and 84.4%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.46).Conclusion:According to the results of this study, A. sativum oil can be used in the pulpotomy of the primary molars.

The effectiveness of formocresol amputation in deciduous molars – a retrospective study

Introduction. The treatment of carious denudation of pulp and irreversible partial pulp inflammation is pulpotomy. In this method formocresol was used as the “gold standard”. Aim. Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of formocresol in pulpotomy in deciduous teeth. Material and methods. Formocresol amputation performed in 2010-2012 in children born in 2006-2007 were analysed. The consent of the Bioethical Committee at the Medical University of Łódź as well as written consent from all the subject/parents of all the subjects/legal guardians of all the subjects were obtained. Results. In this research, the amputation in 102 deciduous teeth, including 49 first and second upper molars, and 53 lower molars, performed on 64 children were analysed. In 102 amputation cases 78 were caused by carious denudation of pulp and 24 by irreversible partial pulp inflammation without visible denudation of pulp. 37 patients underwent pulpotomy in 1 tooth, 19 patients needed it in 2 teeth, 6 patients in 3 teeth, 1 patient in 4 teeth, and 1 patient in 5 molars. The pulpotomy was repeated because of the glass-ionomer lost in 19 cases. In total 63 teeth were extracted, including 25 at the right time and 38 too early. During the last oral examination held 2016/2017, 31 out of 102 teeth were still on place. The lack of 8 teeth without the presence of permanent successors was reported. The analysis of 102 cases showed the average of 2.5 years period of the teeth maintenance following the formocresol pulpotomy. Conclusions. Retrospective analysis of the use of formocresol in pulpotomy in deciduous teeth proved clinical success of this material, which provided the maintenance of the teeth with the pulpitis for 2 to 3 years after the amputation.

Preferred materials and methods employed for endodontic treatment by Iranian general practitioners.

The aim of this study was to gather information on the materials and methods employed in root canal treatment (RCT) by general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Iran. A questionnaire was distributed among 450 dentists who attended the 53(th) Iranian Dental Association congress. Participants were asked to consider demographic variables and answer the questions regarding the materials and methods commonly used in RCT. Descriptive statistics were given as absolute frequencies and valid percentages. The chi-square test was used to investigate the influence of gender and the years of professional activity for the employed materials and techniques. The response rate was 84.88%. The results showed that 61.5% of the participants did not perform pulp sensitivity tests prior to RCT. Less than half of the general dental practitioners (47.4%) said that they would trace a sinus tract before starting the treatment. Nearly 16% of practitioners preferred the rubber dam isolation method. Over 36% of the practitioners reported using formocresol for pulpotomy. The combined approach of working length (WL) radiographs and electronic apex locators was used by 35.2% of the practitioners. Most of the respondents used K-file hand instruments for canal preparation and the technique of choice was step-back (43.5%), while 40.1% of respondents used NiTi rotary files, mostly ProTaper and RaCe. The most widely used irrigant was normal saline (61.8%). Calcium hydroxide was the most commonly used inter appointment medicament (84.6%). The most popular obturation technique was cold lateral condensation (81.7%) with 51% using zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers. The majority of Iranian GDPs who participated in the present survey do not comply with quality guidelines of endodontic treatment.

In vitro toxicity of formocresol, ferric sulphate, and grey MTA on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

This was to assess and compare the in vitro toxicity of formocresol, ferric sulphate and MTA on cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. PDL cells were obtained from sound first permanent molars and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. PDL cells were subjected to different concentrations of formocresol, ferric sulphate, and grey MTA for 24, 48, and 72 h at 37 °C. Cells that were not exposed to the tested materials served as the negative control. In vitro toxicity was assessed using MTT assay. Statistical analysis of data was accomplished using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests (p<0.05). The overall toxicity ranking of the tested materials was as follows: formocresol>ferric sulphate>grey MTA. Only grey MTA had comparable cell viability to the negative control, the other tested materials were significantly inferior at the three exposure periods (p<0.05). Regarding the viability of PDL fibroblasts, MTA stands as the most promising substitute to formocresol. However, considering MTA's unavailability and high price in Jordan, ferric sulphate may be the best alternative to formocresol in pulpotomy of primary teeth.

Comparison of pulpotomy with formocresol and MTA in primary molars: a systematic review and meta- analysis.

There are various studies looking at the effects of formocresol (FC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on pulpotomy of primary molars. This is a systematic review of literature comparing the success rates of MTA and FC in pulpotomy of primary molars. The study list was obtained using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, Iran Medex, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and also some hand searches contains through dental journals approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Papers which met the inclusion were accepted. The quality of studies for the meta-analysis was assessed by a series of validity criteria according to Jadad's scale. Eight qualified studies met the criteria. Terms of clinical outcomes and radiographic findings were evaluated in all studies to assess clinical success and root resorption. Fixed model was applied to aggregate the data of homogenous studies. A random effect model was carried out for measuring the effect size of heterogeneous studies. The overall clinical and radiographic success rates based on the data suggested that MTA was superior to FC (P=0.004) with the Odds Ratio=3.535 and 95% confidence interval (1.494-8.369). Primary molars pulpotomy with MTA have better clinical and radiographic success rates than FC. (Iranian Endodontic Journal 2008;3:45-9).

Histopathological evaluation of pulpotomy with Er,Cr:YSGG laser vs formocresol

The purpose of this study was to histologically investigate whether pulpotomy with Er,Cr:YSGG laser is an acceptable alternative for formocresol. Pulpotomy of 48 dog's primary canine teeth was performed with formocresol or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Histological evaluations on hematoxylin and eosin-stained pulp tissues were made by an optical microscope 7 or 60 days later. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Student's t test. Seven days after pulpotomy, samples treated with laser had significantly favorable histological features in the following measures: continuity of odontoblastic layer (P<0.001), presence of hemorrhage (P<0.008), amount of inflammation (P<0.002), tissue necrosis (P<0.001), internal resorption (P<0.002), level of vascularization (P<0.002), and size of abscess (P<0.041). Similar results were observed 60 days after pulpotomy, except that the differences were not mostly significant due to natural exfoliation of 16 teeth. In conclusion, Er,Cr:YSGG laser system is an acceptable alternative for formocresol in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth.

Better outcomes in pulpotomies on primary molars with MTA

Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Citation Index and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to source articles. In addition, identified papers' reference lists and their authors' other published literature were also scanned. Studies of interest were randomised controlled trials of primary molar teeth where there was exposure of vital pulp caused by caries or trauma, with at least 6 months follow-up. It was required that selected teeth had no internal root resorption, inter-radicular and periapical bone destruction, no periodontal involvement, swelling, or sinus tract; they should be restorable with stainless steel crowns; and that outcomes were evaluated by clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence where the comparison followed a standard definition of success or failure, as shown by the number of teeth. Data were extracted from each study independently and entered into a database. Differences were resolved by discussion. Studies were scored for validity criteria according to the Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan (version 4.2.8; Copenhagen; The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2003). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using a standard chi-square test. If there was homogeneity among the studies, the fixed-effect model (Peto method) was applied to aggregate the data. If homogeneity was rejected then sensitivity analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Six studies met the inclusion criteria (giving a total of 381 teeth). There was a significant difference between the success rates of formocresol (FC)- and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-treated pulpotomised primary molars (P<0.05) Clinical assessments and radiographic findings of the MTA versus FC pulpotomy suggested that MTA was superior to FC in pulpotomy, resulting in a lower failure rate [relative risk, 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.90) and 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.74) respectively]. The results demonstrate that in primary molar teeth with vital pulp exposure caused by caries or trauma, a pulpotomy performed with MTA results in better clinically and radiographically observed outcomes. Fewer undesirable responses were recorded for MTA than when FC was used. Therefore, the study supports the use of MTA instead of FC as wound dressing when performing pulpotomies on primary molars.

Randomized controlled trial of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth

To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol (FC) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth. A maximum of 126 children (aged 5-9 years) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected. Following randomization, a standard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken, and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested. In the FC group, cotton balls, soaked in FC, were placed for 5 min, and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin, a pulpotomy agent. In the MTA group, a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent. The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer. The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinically and radiographically after 3 and 6 months. No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group. There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up. However, at the 6-month follow-up, significantly more cases (P = 0.036) with root resorption were seen in the FC group; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases. The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases; none was seen in the MTA cases. After 6 months, pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease. MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth.

Evaluation of the formocresol versus mineral trioxide aggregate primary molar pulpotomy: a meta-analysis

To apply meta-analysis to compare the clinical and radiographic effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with formocresol (FC) when used as wound dressing for pulpotomy of primary molars. The study list was obtained by searching MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and SCI. Only those papers that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. There was significant difference between the success rates of FC- and MTA-treated pulpotomized primary molars (P < .05). Clinical assessments and radiographic findings of the MTA versus FC pulpotomy suggested that MTA was superior to FC in pulpotomy resulting in a lower failure rate, with the RR (Relative Risk) being 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11 to 0.90) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.74), respectively. Internal root resorption happened less in the MTA group with RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.77. MTA induces less undesirable responses and might be FC's suitable replacement.