Territorial Formation Research Articles

Mundos do trabalho e suas memórias: o patrimônio industrial como possibilidade de reelaboração da memória social da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre

O texto se dedica a problematizar questões relativas aos espaços de trabalho na formação e institucionalização da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RMPA no que tange às possibilidades de reelaboração da memória social das ditas cidades metropolitanas a partir da incorporação do conceito de patrimônio industrial. Para isso, expõe como exemplo a trajetória FRIGOSUL, frigorífico localizado na cidade de Canoas/RS que esteve ativo durante mais de 50 anos, entre as décadas de 1930 e 1980. O artigo está dividido em três grandes partes: a primeira aborda a formação territorial e populacional da RMPA a partir de dinâmicas da industrialização. Agrega dados, ainda, sobre a institucionalização da RMPA e o reconhecimento de distritos industriais nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Sequencialmente, enfatiza-se o caso específico do FRIGOSUL, narrando-se a história do frigorífico e as memórias associadas aos mundos do trabalho deste antigo local de produção a partir de depoimentos orais de ex-trabalhadores. Por fim, compartilha-se propostas no campo do patrimônio industrial como próprio fator de ressignificação da memória social da região, notoriamente marcada por nomenclaturas como a de cidade-dormitório, cujos laços tem sido reelaborados por meio de novos processos (i)migratórios na RMPA na atualidade.

Modeling of the process of territorial communities formation using swarm intelligence algorithms

The process of TC formation is considered, using algorithms of swarm intelligence. The main aim of TC formation is reducing the budget and saving the public funds. The approved methodology and the process of formation of capable communities are studied when in the human settlements that form the society is the administrative building, the health care institution, the general education school of the third degree, the kindergarten, the institutions of social protection, housing and communal services, taking into account the financial security and daily migration of residents in the zone of accessibility of the administrative center. The minimum distance from the center of the community to other settlements is taken for the purpose of forming territorial communities. A mathematical model of such problem is developed, using specific limitations that arise from the formulation of the problem itself. To build effective algorithms for formation of territorial communities, the concept of independence of communities, as well as the contiguity of individual councils is introduced. Stochastic algorithms of ant colony and migrating birds have been adapted to solve the established multicriteria optimization problem. The proposed approach is investigated.

Urban organization under empire: Iron Age Sam’al (Zincirli, Turkey) from royal to provincial capital

Excavations of residential areas in the north lower town of Zincirli, Turkey, the Iron Age Aramaean capital of Sam’al, show a change, in the second-half of the 8th century BC, toward a stratified socio-economic organization with the foundation of an elite residential district. This change coincided with the onset of strong Neo-Assyrian imperial influence on the last local kings and intensified through the Assyrian provincial period. The development of the urban residential areas, as Sam’al changed from a royal to a provincial capital, reflects the different political aims of urbanization in the context of territorial state formation and imperialism.

Provincial Design: on the Project Presentation

The use of provincial design as a special form of manifestation of peculiarity of the “place” is determined by its relevancy for today’s world culture and common development tendencies of the Siberian region. The Provincial Design Project worked out by the Department of Design of Irkutsk National Research Technical University reflects the peculiarities of the art and design space of the region, corresponds to the current context and challenges of the profession and may serve as specific means of the territorial image formation.

Las recientes reformas de regionalización en Colombia, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia. Hacia un marco conceptual

Si bien la cuestión regional en los países andinos ya fue constitucionalizada en Perú y Colombia a fines del siglo pasado, ella ha cobrado relevancia recientemente como parte de reformas constitucionales en Ecuador y Bolivia. La problemática regional en América Latina ha sido parte de la agenda de investigación en relación a temas del desarrollo desigual y de la gestión pública, pero ha sido menos analizada en clave constitucional. Este artículo busca disminuir esta brecha proponiendo generalizaciones plausibles sobre la dinámica regional en clave constitucional para estos países poniendo atención tanto en las modalidades de regionalización, cuanto en el impacto de ésta sobre la forma de Estado. Dada la multiplicidad de connotaciones que lo regional adopta en cada uno de estos países, el artículo establece, en primer lugar, un marco conceptual que sea indistintamente aplicable a ellos. La aplicación de dicho marco a este grupo de países que comparten el ser andinos, facilita entender que mientras en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú hay contemporáneamente una convergencia en cuanto a la modalidad de construcción de regiones por agregación a escala macro-regional, esta modalidad ha sido irrelevante en Bolivia. Por otro lado, mientras que en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú la regionalización no ha alterado el carácter unitario de estos Estados, sí lo ha hecho en Bolivia. El artículo cierra postulando la hipótesis de que tales divergencias se explican, en buena medida, por la dinámica de configuración territorial que siguieron estos países en el siglo XIX, de acuerdo con las tesis del análisis histórico comparativo.

Agências e linhas dos correios na integração do território catarinense no século XIX

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar a trajetória da expansão dos serviços postais em Santa Catarina por meio da abertura de agências e linhas postais (terrestres, fluviais e marítimas) na integração e formação do território catarinense no século XIX. Além da introdução e das considerações finais, o texto está divido em três tópicos: a) uma análise do financiamento dos transportes e das comunicações por meio de recursos advindos do Tesouro e a geração de déficits constantes; b) um breve debate sobre a formação do território catarinense do século XIX; e c) a trajetória da abertura das agências e das linhas postais como elemento constitutivo do território catarinense.

Development of the method for territorial community formation based on multi-criteria swarm algorithm approach

The object of research is the formation of territorial communities based on swarm intelligence. In the process of research, a problem is identified that arises in the formation of territorial communities inUkraine, namely the unstable political situation due to the introduction of many reforms. In order to solve this problem, the aim is creation of an automated approach to the formation of territorial communities according to certain evaluation criteria. The proposed method is used on the example of Zastavnivsky district of the Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) on such criteria as: the availability of hospitals, fire departments, police departments, kindergartens, and social institutions. With the help of swarm algorithms, 5 administrative centers and 19 settlements are created, satisfying the conditions of the task. The gray wolf and the bats algorithms formed a community and the center is determined, and the method of multi-criteria optimization optimizes the parameters of administrative units. Geo-information technologies, statistical data of settlements of the Zastavnivskyi district of the Chernivtsi region, gray wolf and bats algorithms and the method of multi-criteria optimization make it possible to obtain the result of the process of formation of territorial communities of the proposed method. Due to these aspects, an automated process of forming territorial communities is obtained.

Gênese e formação histórica do território potiguar: uma breve análise a partir da cartografia

A gênese e formação histórica do território são um fenômeno complexo, fruto de fatores sociais, econômicos, políticos e ambientais, entre outros. Neste artigo, analisamos como se iniciou a ocupação e se desenvolveu o território do atual Estado do Rio Grande do Norte do início da colonização portuguesa aos dias atuais. Por se tratar de um fenômeno complexo e, neste trabalho, de longa duração, tivemos necessariamente que propor uma análise panorâmica, abarcando particularmente três aspectos, certamente não exaustivos, mas que permitem uma compreensão de como o estado em questão se formou ao longo do tempo: 1) a formação político-administrativa desse território, seus limites e divisões; 2) o processo de ocupação da população não indígena e seu crescimento populacional; 3) a formação dos núcleos urbanos e o desenvolvimento de seu status urbano. Para isso, apoiamo-nos principalmente, mas não exclusivamente, na cartografia.

History of Territorial Development and Formation of Urban Landscape in the South of Russia

The article deals with the problem of historical transformation of natural landscape as a result of urban development of territories. We identified historical processes of natural landscape transformation from the beginning of its urban development till the formation of modern cityscapes. Distinctive characteristics and peculiarities of natural landscape were defined. We distinguished main types of landscape (flat, piedmont and mountain landscapes). Time periods of the development of city territories of the region with various landscape conditions and main stages of historical development of these territories are considered, as well as historical features of their development, temporal processes of complication of interrelations of various factors and characteristics of urban environment, and other problems of human activity influence on city landscape components, including the impact on the ecological state of the region.

Dinâmica da paisagem no município de Modelo-SC: rupturas e continuidades

Nas paisagens pretéritas e atuais do município de Modelo-SC observam-se rupturas e continuidades entre os objetos, formas e funções, de modo que as transformações são motivadas pelas mudanças nas relações entre o homem e o ambiente através das técnicas. O município de Modelo, tomado como recorte espacial de pesquisa, apresentou transformações significativas em sua paisagem desde o início da colonização no final da década de 1940 aos dias atuais. Os registros histórico-fotográficos mostraram-se uma fonte importante para acompanhar essas transformações, auxiliando na compreensão da formação territorial e das formas e conteúdos do território. Foi evidenciado, dessa maneira, que a paisagem atual guarda várias heranças – entre continuidades e rugosidades – das formas e dos conteúdos pretéritos que compunham as paisagens de outrora. Ainda que a adoção de técnicas mais modernas, como é o caso observado das estradas de rodagem, sistemas construtivos e suprimento de energia elétrica, imprima mudanças significativas à paisagem, não podem ser desconsideradas completamente as funções passadas que autorizaram as formas de fazer em outro momento.

Munster Rugby’s sporting model challenged by the financial crisis

Munster is a major force in European rugby. Due to several victories, its territorial anchorage was improved, which could be seen by the increasing number of supporters nicknamed the ‘Red Army’. A myth was created, an ‘invented tradition’ which reactivated an apparently egalitarian identity and a nationalist tradition in a territory of Gaelic culture. Munster must now face a serious financial crisis which calls into question Munster’s sporting competitiveness and the power of its territorial anchorage. The aim of this article is to stress the correlation between the financial power of the professional team and the sporting successes within the European liberal rugby system, and its relationship with the territorial formation of Munster. The analysis is based on the case study method. We therefore draw from scholarly literature, journalistic sources, official reports, and field research with interviews. We are able to show that the weaknesses of the Munster’s sporting model ensue from a competitive imbalance between the professional rugby teams in Europe and an economic recession in the province of Munster.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ПАТОГЕННОСТІ CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI

Based on years of research epizootic monitoring of Gangraena Emphysematosa in the world and in Ukraine it has been established that the infectious agent is of widespread distribution (in all continents except Antarctica). A wide and uneven spread of the disease in Ukraine territory, in its regions and administrative districts gives grounds to note the presence in certain regions of favorable conditions for the natural circulation of the pathogen and the lack of them in others. It is established that the formation of the dysfunctional territory affected by natural-geographical conditions, such as the density of the soil deposits, level of first aquifers, soil type, the intensity of melioration, and dysfunctional zones mainly located in the basins of the river and melioration systems, indicating the local distribution of Blackleg(disease) Gangraena emphysematosa (lat.). From the burial of farm deadstock ,in soil samples was allocated isolate of Sl. Chauvoei in well saved pelvic bones of dead animals, located at a depth of 140-160 cm, who has typical culture-biochemical and virulent properties. In our opinion, the long-term preservation of the viability of spores of Blackleg(disease) Gangraena emphysematosa (lat.) and its virulent abilities associated with the fact that reproduction of the pathogen Blackleg(disease) Gangraena emphysematosa(lat.) is impossible in burials located on the yellow clay layers, but for many years it retains its virulence properties. Found that isolates Cl. shauvoei isolated from soil on disadvantaged pastures effected by Blackleg(disease) Gangraena emphysematosa (lat.), significantly reduce their virulence properties, but not loses them completely, giving a reason to assume that the surface layers of soil pastures triggered another mechanism of preservation, which leads to lower its virulent properties. The role of each of these varieties in the «parasite – host» is not the same, and therefore the value of each of them in support of the epizootic process is not equivalent.

Современные подходы к теориям признания новых государств в международном праве

The article examines the problem of recognition of new states in international law. The author considers the concept, sources, theories, criteria of the institution of recognition of new states. The author analyzes various theories of the Institute of recognition of states, taking into account the provisions of the international law doctrine and practice. The author notes that at the present stage of development of the institute of recognition we should be guided by the mixed theory of recognition as the most corresponding to international law, and by States’ practice. The author discloses criteria for the recognition of States enshrined in international legal acts. At the same time, the author singles out the criterion of the legality of new states’ emergence. The conclusion is that the creation of a new State as a subject of international law is legitimate, if its appearance corresponds to the fundamental principles of international law. The appearance of a new state must not violate the mandatory principles of international law jus cogens, otherwise, a territorial formation can not claim to be internationally recognized and must be considered from the point of view of international law as illegally created.

Contested Frontiers: Indigenous Mobilization and Control over Land and Natural Resources in Myanmar's Upland Areas

Over the past two decades, Myanmar’s upland areas have gradually turned into formally administered, legible, and governable state-territory. Following decades of armed conflict, a series of ceasefire agreements since the 1990s opened the door for the central state’s expansion of territorial control in the upland areas through the exploitation of natural resources and land concessions. New civil society coalitions are being formed inside Myanmar to resist the states strategy of accumulation by dispossession in conjunction with enclosures and the formation of state territory. This paper provides a brief outline of an ongoing research project which takes a socio-spatial perspective on state building processes and links the concept of the resource frontier with emerging discourses on indigenous rights in Myanmar.

URBAN SPECIFICITY OF THE FIRST SQUARE IN SAMARA (XVI- middle XIX CENTURIES)

The paper goes into the questions connected with the creation and further evolution of the first square of Samara in the XVI-XIX centuries. The article analyses historical formation of the square territory taking into account the main buildings construction, as well as its role in the development of other areas. The authors describe basic stylistic and functional characteristic features of this area and identify its typology and planning decisions with account of the structure of urban neighborhoods. The paper shows that the first confirmed plans of changes affected this important hub in the historic center, where traditionally the main place was given to the churches - the main Orthodox shrines of the city. Various political as well as economical and technical factors played an important role in the transformation of the square. It allowed to design and create a number of extraordinary objects but still led to only partial realization. On the one hand, ongoing construction in the XIX century in Samara has shown a formal commitment to follow the requirements of classicism. On the other hand, it heralded the era of eclecticism with a significant rethinking of architectural-artistic image in the shared spatial system of the city.

Modeling of territorial community formation as a graph partitioning problem

The territorial community formation process as a graph partitioning problem is considered. The main goal of territorial community formation is to reduce the budget and save public funds. The formation process of communities where settlements, which make up the community, have an administrative building, healthcare institution, high school, kindergarten is investigated. Additional restrictions are imposed on these indicators for uniform distribution of the region's population and community incomes. The minimum distance from the community center to other settlements is taken as a function of the goal of territorial community formation. The mathematical model of this problem, which is a modified graph partitioning problem is developed. The modification lies in using specific constraints arising from the problem statement. The notion of independence of communities and adjacency of individual councils is introduced to build efficient territorial community formation algorithms. This allowed us to formalize the problem from a mathematical point of view. In turn, this made it possible to develop an algorithm for solving this problem, which is to use genetic algorithms to solve the existing problem. The developed model and algorithm of territorial community formation are tested. According to the expert group on the TC formation, the resulting solution showed satisfactory results.

Nudos territoriales críticos en Ecuador: dinámicas, cambios y límites en la reconfiguración territorial del Estado

The territorial “nodes” are defined as the spaces in which the territorialities’ dialectics gains intensity. Such dialectics confronts, on one side, a State that advances its capitalist territorial net through planning and territorial “(dis)order”; on the other side, the diverse territorialities of communities, peoples and nationalities of Ecuador, whom see their spaces of (re)production invaded and/or polluted, in a context in which the exploitation of nature as a resource becomes more important in geopolitical and economical terms. This paper makes a historical approach to the process of Ecuador’s territorial formation and to the different spatial imprints that the sequential forms of capitalist accumulation have left behind. In doing so, the paper seeks to identify the main territorial “nodes” that manifest today, particularly those that deepen various forms of primary export capitalist accumulation - highlighting the oil, mining, agro industrial and real estate sectors. The constitutional recognition, in 2008, of a wide range of territorial rights, serves as background for the analysis.

Creating a Significant Community: Religious Engagements in the Film Ha-Mashgihim (God’s Neighbors)

Focusing on the 2012 Israeli film Ha-Mashgihim (God’s Neighbors), this article explores the construction of a Jewish and religious Mizrahi identity and analyzes the various ways in which the film presents a world of meaning that contests the secular liberal grammar. The analysis sheds light on the cultural motivation for introducing Judaism and Judaic identity into the cinematic narrative and demonstrates it through two themes: the formation of a peripheral religious Mizrahi territory and the journey toward redemption and meaning.

ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЫТ

ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЫТ

Cypriot ritual and cult from the Bronze to the Iron Age: a longue-durée approach

In two recent studies on Early Iron Age Cypriot sanctuaries and religion—the first dedicated to the memory of John N. Coldstream, the second to the memory of James R.B. Stewart—I attempted to show that looking at Cypriot ritual places (and practices) ‘before and after’ can be a stimulating and valuable methodological tool for understanding Cypriot ritual and cult diachronically. A drastic transformation imprinted upon the physical and socio-political landscape of the island during the Early Iron Age relates to the establishment—for the first time in the history of the island—of the extra-urban temenos sanctuary, related to the territorial formation of the Cypriot polities. After a careful analysis of Early Iron Age sacred topography and material culture assemblages, the next step would be a meticulous examination of their associated rituals, cults, and iconography in order to illustrate better the transplantation and transformation of Late Cypriot ideas (and ideals) into the Iron Age.