Formation Of Inclusions Research Articles

Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI2 Inclusion Formation

AbstractExcess lead(II) iodide (PbI2) has controversial roles in affecting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Since the photoinstability of PbI2 is now known to largely accelerate perovskite degradation, suppressing and/or eliminating excess PbI2 is key to improving the stability of PSCs. Herein, process‐dependent PbI2 formation on the surfaces of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) films is examined. Due to the faster evaporation rate of organic substances, crystalline PbI2 as an inclusion is found within the triple junction grain boundaries. With this hypothesis, two strategies are suggested: control of the 1) vapor pressure and 2) stoichiometry of precursor solutions to induce sufficient reaction of FAPbI3. Although both strategies successfully eliminate the PbI2 as inclusions, due to the slower evaporation rate, vapor pressure control films also exhibit a larger grain size (≈1.18 µm) with a good film quality to attain the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.5%. Furthermore, the phase stability of α‐FAPbI3 is improved due to the elimination of the degradation sites induced by the photoinstability of PbI2. The findings explore the formation process of unwanted PbI2 (≈2.8%) and provide a simple method to effectively suppress its formation. This may further boost the PCE and stability, especially for FA‐based perovskites.

Age, genetics, and crystallization sequence of the group IIIE iron meteorites

Chemical and isotopic data were obtained for ten iron meteorites classified as members of the IIIE group. Nine of the IIIE irons exhibit broadly similar bulk siderophile element characteristics. Modeling of highly siderophile element abundances suggests that they can be related to one another through simple crystal-liquid fractionation of a parent melt. Our preferred model suggests initial S, P, and C concentrations of approximately 12 wt%, 0.8 wt%, and 0.08 wt%, respectively. The modeled IIIE parent melt composition is ∼4 times more enriched in highly siderophile elements than a non-carbonaceous (NC) chondrite-like parent body, suggesting a core comprising ∼22% of the mass of the parent body. Although chemically distinct from the other IIIE irons, formation of the anomalous IIIE iron Aletai can potentially be accounted for under the conditions of this model through the non-equilibrium mixing of an evolved liquid and early formed solid. Cosmic ray exposure-corrected nucleosynthetic Mo, Ru, and W isotopic compositions of four of the bona fide IIIE irons and Aletai indicate that they originated from the non-carbonaceous (NC) isotopic domain. Tungsten-182 isotopic data for the IIIE irons and Aletai yield similar model metal-silicate segregation ages of 1.6 ± 0.8 Myr and 1.2 ± 0.8 Myr, respectively, after calcium aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) formation. These ages are consistent with those reported for other NC-type iron meteorite parent bodies. The IIIE irons are chemically and isotopically similar to the much larger IIIAB group. Despite some textural, mineralogical, and chemical differences, such as higher C content, the new results suggest they may have originated from a different crystallization sequence on the same or closely-related parent body.

Perceptions of inclusive language in the Spanish of the Southeast

Abstract This study examines the perceptions of inclusive language among first- and second-generation Spanish speakers residing in North Carolina, USA, based on survey data collected from 337 speakers by undergraduates. The survey examines familiarity with innovative inclusive language forms (including -@, -x, and -e), as well as opinions about different forms (including standard morphology forms such as masculine default and noun doubling – i.e., chicos y chicas), and reported use of inclusive forms. A majority of participants expressed negative opinions of innovative forms, and very few reported actually using them in their speech. Acceptance varied based not only on participant social characteristics, but also on the morphology and the context in which the form is used. Exceptions to these trends, as well as the possible future development of inclusive language forms, receive additional attention. Research methodologies with undergraduates are also discussed.

Study on Oil and Gas Inclusions and Oil and Gas Accumulation Stages in Majiatan Area, Western Margin of Ordos Basin

The western edge of the Ordos Basin has abundant oil and gas resources. To explore the stages and direction of hydrocarbon fluids migration in petroliferous basins, the hydrocarbon-bearing strata in the Majiatan area on the west margin of the Ordos Basin was analyzed based on petrographic observations, homogenization temperature, salinity and composition of inclusions. The inclusions can be identified as five types. Type I, II and III inclusions exhibit abundant hydrocarbon content, whereas Type IV and V show poor hydrocarbon content. Based on homogenization temperature and salinity analysis, the five types of inclusions can be divided into two-stage formation, Type I, II and III included in the early stage and Type IV and V formed in the late stage. The direction of the hydrocarbon fluid migration of the early and late stages was from the southeast to the northwest, and the difference between the two stages of hydrocarbon fluid migration and inclusions formation depends on the fault activity from the Triassic to the Jurassic. This study is of great significance for future exploration of oil and gas in the Ordos Basin's western margin.

Cellular processing of α-synuclein fibrils results in distinct physiological C-terminal truncations with a major cleavage site at residue Glu 114

α-synuclein (αS) is an abundant, neuronal protein that assembles into fibrillar pathological inclusions in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases that include Lewy body diseases (LBD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). The cellular and regional distributions of pathological inclusions vary widely between different synucleinopathies contributing to the spectrum of clinical presentations. Extensive cleavage within the carboxy (C)-terminal region of αS is associated with inclusion formation, although the events leading to these modifications and the implications for pathobiology are of ongoing study. αS preformed fibrils can induce prion-like spread of αS pathology in both invitro and animal models of disease. Using C truncation-specific antibodies, we demonstrated here that prion-like cellular uptake and processing of αS preformed fibrils resulted in two major cleavages at residues 103 and 114. A third cleavage product (122 αS) accumulated upon application of lysosomal protease inhibitors. Invitro, both 1-103 and 1-114 αS polymerized rapidly and extensively in isolation and in the presence of full-length αS. 1-103 αS also demonstrated more extensive aggregation when expressed in cultured cells. Furthermore, we used novel antibodies to αS cleaved at residue Glu114, to assess x-114 αS pathology in postmortem brain tissue from patients with LBD and MSA, as well as three different transgenic αS mouse models of prion-like induction. The distribution of x-114 αS pathology was distinct from that of overall αS pathology. These studies reveal the cellular formation and behavior of αS C-truncated at residues 114 and 103 as well as the disease dependent distribution of x-114 αS pathology.

Optimized high-yield preparation of alkaline-solubilizable crystalline inclusion of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Aa δ-endotoxin expressed in Escherichia coli

The native Cry4Aa δ-endotoxin produced exclusively in Bacillus thuringiensis during sporulation as a ∼130-kDa inactive protoxin is confined within the parasporal crystalline inclusion that dissolves at alkaline pH in the midgut lumen of mosquito larvae. Here, the recombinant Cry4Aa toxin over-expressed in Escherichia coli at 30 °C as an alkaline-solubilizable inclusion was found inevitably lost during isolation from the cell lysate (pH ∼6.5) of which host cells were pre-suspended in distilled water (pH ∼5.5). When 100 mM KH2PO4 (pH 5.0) was used as host cell-suspending buffer, the cell lysate's pH became more acidic (pH 5.5), allowing the expressed protoxin to be entirely retained in the form of crystalline inclusion rather than a soluble form, and thus high-yield recovery of the partially purified inclusion was obtained. Upon dialysis of the alkaline-solubilized protoxin against the KH2PO4 buffer, the protoxin precipitate was efficiently recovered and still exhibited high toxicity to Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Additionally, the precipitated protoxin was completely resolubilized in 50 mM Na2CO3 buffer (pH 9.0) and proteolytically processed by trypsin to produce the 65-kDa activated toxin comprising ∼47- and ∼20-kDa fragments. In silico structural analysis suggested that His154, His388, His536 and His572 were involved in a dissolution of the Cry4Aa inclusion at pH 6.5, conceivably through interchain salt bridge breakage. Altogether, such an optimized protocol described herein was effective for the preparation of alkaline-solubilizable inclusions of the recombinant Cry4Aa toxin in large amounts (>25 mg per liter culture) that would pave the way for further structure-function relationship studies of different Cry toxins.

β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for crocetin delivery: Physicochemical characterization, aqueous solubility, and bioactivity

Crocetin (CRT) is a natural carotenoid compound with promising health benefits but its use is restricted because of the poor aqueous solubility. Therefore, cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNSs), a kind of water-soluble supramolecular macrocyclic polymer, was employed to load CRT for improving the solubility. The β-CDNSs with different molar ratio of β-CD and crosslinker were synthesized and β-CDNS 1:8 was chosen. The loading capacity (LC) and complexation efficiency (CE) of prepared CRT-loaded β-CDNS were about 17.92% and 94.64%. The formation of inclusion and non-inclusion structure of CRT-loaded β-CDNS was confirmed by different techniques. The surface properties and dispersibility were also studied. Besides, the water solubility of CRT was significantly increased to 7.27 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of CRT was enhanced. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CRT for normal cells was reduced and for tumor cells was increased through the loading of β-CDNS. In summary, this work demonstrated β-CDNS could be used for the delivery of CRT and promote the application of CRT in many fields.

Immersion corrosion of material extrusion steel 316 L: Influence of immersion time and surface roughness

This work investigates the influence of surface roughness on the immersion corrosion of Steel 316 L fabricated via the material extrusion (ME) additive manufacturing (AM) method. For that purpose, a metal-polymer filament was used to produce ME specimens via fused filament fabrication. An experimental investigation was performed on both ME and wrought Steel 316 L specimens which were immersion-tested in a NaCl corrosive solution for three different exposure times. The specimens were also separated into to two groups according to their surface roughness. The corrosion-tested ME Steel 316 L presented an austenitic microstructure with twins and polygonal grains. Approximately ten percent of the phase volume was found to be in ferrite form, which is a known factor promoting corrosion in steel alloys. Moreover, substantial porosity was observed, manifested in the form of inclusions and irregular/spherical defects, which are typically caused by the ME fabrication process. The ME Steel 316 L has exhibited an unstable corrosion resistance, unlike the wrought material. The varying corrosion performance of the ME Steel 316 L amy be attributed to a weaker passivation ability, relative to its wrought counterpart, owe to the combined effect of δ–ferrite in the microstructure and macroscopic porosity. n statistical evaluation of the results, via ANOVA, suggested that the exposure time can be an influential factor for the ME Steel 316 L corrosion resistance. Surface roughness may also have an effect, however less significant. This study has identified, for the first time, the transitional character of the corrosion behaviour of ME Steel 316 L at lower exposure times. These new findings for the ME Steel 316 L and the results from the present analysis can inform the community seeking to use this AM alloy within corrosive environments.

The effect of the chemical activity of the implanted element to metal alloy components on the formation of surface layers under ion irradiation

The paper comparatively studies the effect of implanting O+ ions into the Cu50Ni50 and Cu56Mn44 alloys and M0 copper, as well as N+ ions into the VT6 titanium alloy, the 03Kh17N12M2T stainless steel, and Armco iron, on the formation of the chemical composition and changes in the structural and phase state of the surface layers. It is shown that, under conditions of implantation of ions of chemically active elements, the accumulation of the implanted impurity, the formation of chemical compounds, and their precipitation in the form of phase inclusions are determined by the chemical activity of the implanted element to the alloy components. The results obtained will allow the further development of scientific foundations for the formation of the chemical and structural-phase state in materials under nonequilibrium conditions of ion implantation.

Community-generated solutions to cancer inequity: recommendations from transgender, non-binary and intersex people on improving cancer screening and care

ObjectiveTransgender, non-binary and intersex people are less likely to receive appropriate cancer screening for their bodies and have a higher incidence of certain cancers than cisgender people. We aimed to...

Shakespeare Winces Not: On Inclusion in Liberal Education

It is commonly held that the traditional European classics or Great Books cannot constitute the basis of an inclusive liberal education because they do not reflect the diverse cultural identities of contemporary students. This essay argues for a return to the older view, memorably expressed by W.E.B. Du Bois, that the classics are radically inclusive because they speak to a common human identity. This view is best understood in light of the ancient Greek distinction between physis (nature) and nomos (custom or law). Greek philosophic universalism has shown an ability to transcend profound cultural differences, such as those separating Alfarabi from Maimonides, or Shakespeare from Du Bois. The essay rebuts the frequently heard objections that the universalism of the classics is really a mask for white male hegemony and that it fails to do justice to the unique personal experiences of the oppressed and marginalized. The essay affirms that education must be particularistic as well as universalistic, but it argues that the universalism of the classics remains the key to the most perfect form of inclusion, namely, the friendship of those seeking the truth.

The Hansalim Life Movement and new cooperativism in South Korea

The concept of New Cooperativism (NC) marks a shift in thinking and practice among a growing number of academics and activists seeking to draw the global co-operative movement back to its roots in the values of mutual solidarity and resistance against oppression. Crucially, it moves the debate beyond economic arguments for co-operative models to introduce a more holistic perspective which explores the political, ecological, social, and ethical implications of more inclusive forms of co‑operation. Until now, however, the literature on NC has focused on its emergence in North America, Europe, and South America since the 1970s. This article argues that the Hansalim Life Movement shares many of the values and characteristics of NC. Hansalim’s growth into a large multi-stakeholder federation of producer and consumer co-operatives gives them unique insights into the opportunities and challenges of implementing NC values in practice. To demonstrate the alignment of Hansalim with the emerging concept of NC, I present a re-framing of NC across four dimensions which forms the basis of a brief outline of Hansalim’s values, structure, and activities. These are: purpose, ethic, political-economic orientation, and governance. I conclude by suggesting four lines of enquiry through which to enrich the concept of NC.

Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods in the Upper Paleozoic Strata of the Western Ordos Basin, China, Based on Fluid Inclusions and Basin Modeling.

The upper Paleozoic strata in the western part of the Ordos Basin have rich oil and gas resources but low exploration levels. These strata were subjected to multiple tectonic events, such as the Caledonian, Hercynian, Indosinian, and Himalayan movements, which led to a relatively complex process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area. These strata also have obvious structural segmentation in the north-south direction. However, the accumulation periods of the upper Paleozoic strata in different structural sections of the western Ordos Basin and their differences are poorly understood. A total of 65 sandstone samples from the upper Paleozoic reservoirs in 16 representative wells were selected for fluid inclusion analyses. The results of fluid inclusion analyses, combined with the burial-thermal histories of representative wells, were used to determine the hydrocarbon accumulation periods of the main layers and summarize their patterns in different structural regions and layers. The results show that the formation of fluid inclusions in the main upper Paleozoic strata can be divided into two stages. The first-stage inclusions mainly occur in secondary quartz edges, and the second-stage inclusions mainly occur in healed microcracks. The inclusion types are dominantly hydrocarbon-bearing, brine, and minor nonhydrocarbon gas inclusions. The hydrocarbon components are mostly CH4 and minor asphaltene, and the nonhydrocarbon gases are dominantly CO2 and minor SO2. The homogenization temperatures of the brine inclusions associated with hydrocarbon inclusions in major layers in the study area have a wide distribution and multiple peaks; the main peaks in the central part of a given tectonic area are slightly lower than those in the eastern part, and the main peaks in a given location tend to increase with decreasing burial depth. Hydrocarbon accumulation in the upper Paleozoic strata in the study area mainly occurred in the Early and Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The Early and Middle Jurassic were the mature oil and gas accumulation periods, and the Early Cretaceous was the high-maturity natural gas accumulation period and the most critical accumulation period. The accumulation period in the central part of a given structural region occurred earlier than that in the eastern part, and the accumulation period in different layers in a given location gradually shifted at a later time from deep to shallow.

Hailing in the Face of Covid-19: On the Uses and Abuses of Heroism

In this paper, we examine the paradoxes of hailing health care workers as “Covid-19 heroes” in Canada and the United Kingdom. We ask how public discourses—primarily by governments, politicians, mainstream media, but also by racially minoritized groups and migrant-led associations—frame the ambiguous social and legal status of mostly women of color “essential” health care workers during the pandemic. We argue that hailing is a form of conditional inclusion. Hailing involves both the camouflaging of individuals’ low-class status, precarious position in the workplace, gendered and racially minoritized positionality and insecure/non-permanent immigration status on the one hand, as well as the potential for resistance, emancipation, wider organizing, and claims-making on the other. Through a focus on Filipino/a workers because of their high levels of representation as health care staff in both contexts, our empirical analysis underlines that hailing as conditional inclusion is asymmetrical and unequal. It enables co-optation and deflection from structural inequalities as the price of conditional inclusion of selected individuals and groups. However, at the same time, hailing generates resistance. Through “tiny openings” these contradictions are named, and the binary language of inclusion/exclusion is challenged.

Социальная автономия в тувинском этносе (экспериментальный подход социальной оценки малых сообществ)

In the work on the Tuvan material, the problem of loneliness is considered. The purpose of the study is to identify the social aspects of social autonomy. The study sets the task of determining the social prerequisites for social autonomy in the context of the role of the family as a small social group and its social function in the formation of the social inclusion of the individual with the subsequent formation of their own social relationships, family guidelines and family constructs. The research task is to determine the specifics, degree and nature of the manifestation of social autonomy in the context of the Tuvan ethnos as an example of a national community that has its own social history, specific traditional values, special national cults of the family, children, specific understanding of the social roles of family members. As a result of the data obtained, statistical estimates were made of the dependence of the main variables that contribute to loneliness or vice versa – reduce its risks. When studying the correlation estimates of the causes of loneliness in the choice of respondents and their answers to the question about the closest social circle, it can be seen that in the absence of their own family, respondents often see the causes of loneliness in the absence of a favorite thing or in the person himself, while the presence of a family forms for the respondents the sphere of employment and encourages them to be as involved as possible in the issues of family and children, thereby leveling all possible causes of feeling of loneliness. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the importance of one's own family and children in the Tuvan ethnic group. The presence of a generic, cultural, historical understanding of the family, children in the lives of the respondents reflects the social orientation and social focus on the presence of this particular social field as defining for the majority of the respondents.

Latin American Social Integration as a Methodological Lens for Francis’s Teaching

Over the past ten years of Francis’s pontificate, a transversal axis cutting across all his writings is his appreciation for the importance of social integration in Latin America. For the pope, humanity must gradually move toward greater and better forms of encounter, integration, and inclusion—that is, toward the “Great Homeland.” His experiences in South America have led him to a contextually situated conviction about the importance of concrete encounter and inclusion that has transferred to his universal teaching and, in this sense, forged his pontifical teaching from the margins. Turning to a specific corpus of papal texts written for Latin American people, we will analyze the methodological assumptions of this whole program of integration thought for the global community.

MODERN VECTORS OF INCLUSIVE SPACE FORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Formation and provision of high-quality inclusion in institutions of higher education is an important condition for the sustainable development of our country. After all, the activation of awareness of the essence of an individual in society, its significance, self-realization, and social benefit are so important for persons with special educational needs. It is at the stage of the formation of a person that the satisfaction of his/her educational needs is the basis that will determine the entire future life of the individual. Barrier-free access to education as well as the acquisition of a profession today are very important for the formation of an inclusive educational space of higher education. Important conditions for ensuring equal rights of students to quality higher education are defined as the primary ones; they are the following: architectural, informational and social accessibility of the educational environment, creation of a material and technical base adapted to the needs of students, availability of qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel prepared to work in an inclusive environment. The main task of inclusion is that students do not feel special, so that they participate in educational, vocational and other processes together with other students. The most important task is to provide an opportunity to reach one's success in accordance with abilities, needs and interests. Acquiring higher education by persons with special needs or disabilities should take into account and anticipate requests that will contribute to the knowledge and skills to obtain a profession and be a competitive specialist for market jobs. We have proposed the following steps for implementing the mission of inclusive education in the architecture of the educational process in higher education institutions: training teachers, creating a network of inclusive clubs and groups, creating a barrier-free environment in an educational institution, designing a tutoring network, conducting courses in intercultural communication and communication ethics, using multimedia technologies and cloud corporate technologies of the university, promoting the creation of a comfortable environment, supporting research and programs, developing an inclusive network in higher education institutions, supporting student initiatives (involvement in cultural events, initiatives in the higher education institution), ensuring a greater level of representation of various management groups and administration, expansion of the range of programs for student support, implementation of acquiring knowledge in various projects, grants, startups

Compact A15 Frank-Kasper nano-phases at the origin of dislocation loops in face-centred cubic metals

It is generally considered that the elementary building blocks of defects in face-centred cubic (fcc) metals, e.g., interstitial dumbbells, coalesce directly into ever larger 2D dislocation loops, implying a continuous coarsening process. Here, we reveal that, prior to the formation of dislocation loops, interstitial atoms in fcc metals cluster into compact 3D inclusions of A15 Frank-Kasper phase. After reaching the critical size, A15 nano-phase inclusions act as a source of prismatic or faulted dislocation loops, dependent on the energy landscape of the host material. Using cutting-edge atomistic simulations we demonstrate this scenario in Al, Cu, and Ni. Our results explain the enigmatic 3D cluster structures observed in experiments combining diffuse X-ray scattering and resistivity recovery. Formation of compact nano-phase inclusions in fcc structure, along with previous observations in bcc structure, suggests that the fundamental mechanisms of interstitial defect formation are more complex than historically assumed and require a general revision. Interstitial-mediated formation of compact 3D precipitates can be a generic phenomenon, which should be further explored in systems with different crystallographic lattices.

5-Nitro-1,2-benzothiazol-3-amine and N-Ethyl-1-[(ethylcarbamoyl)(5-nitro-1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)amino]formamide Modulate α-Synuclein and Tau Aggregation.

Protein misfolding results in a plethora of known diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, transthyretin-related amyloidosis, type 2 diabetes, Lewy body dementia, and spongiform encephalopathy. To provide a diverse portfolio of therapeutic small molecules with the ability to reduce protein misfolding, we evaluated a set of 13 compounds: 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)aniline (BTA) and its derivatives containing urea (1), thiourea (2), sulfonamide (3), triazole (4), and triazine (5) linker. In addition, we explored small modifications on a very potent antioligomer 5-nitro-1,2-benzothiazol-3-amine (5-NBA) (compounds 6-13). This study aims to define the activity of BTA and its derivatives on a variety of prone-to-aggregate proteins such as transthyretin (TTR81-127, TTR101-125), α-synuclein (α-syn), and tau isoform 2N4R (tau 2N4R) through various biophysical methods. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay was used to monitor fibril formation of the previously mentioned proteins after treatment with BTA and its derivatives. Antifibrillary activity was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photoreactive cross-linking assay (PICUP) was utilized to detect antioligomer activity and lead to the identification of 5-NBA (at low micromolar concentration) and compound 13 (at high concentration) as the most promising in reducing oligomerization. 5-NBA and not BTA inhibited the inclusion formation based on the cell-based assay using M17D neuroblastoma cells that express inclusion-prone αS-3K::YFP. 5-NBA abrogated the fibril, oligomer, and inclusion formation in a dose-dependent manner. 5-NBA derivatives could be the key to mitigate protein aggregation. In the future, the results made from this study will provide an initial platform to generate more potent inhibitors of α-syn and tau 2N4R oligomer and fibril formation.

Nanoscale hydrous silicate melt inclusions at the clinopyroxene-amphibole interface in a mantle xenolith from the Perșani Mountains Volcanic Field

We studied amphibole lamellae and associated hydrous nano-silicate melt inclusions (NSMI) in upper mantle xenoliths from the Perșani Mountains Volcanic Field, southeastern Transylvania (Romania). Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) results revealed submicron-scale pieces of evidence of escaped fluids in the form of nano-silicate melt inclusions along clinopyroxene-amphibole interfaces. These NSMIs consist of ∼80 vol% silicate glass and ∼ 20 vol% volatile bubble from which the former has a high SiO2 (>60 wt%) and Al2O3 (>20 wt%) and low CaO, FeO and MgO (<8 wt%) content determined by SDD-EDS analyses. We calculated the original bulk composition of the nano-silicate melt inclusions with Monte Carlo simulation, using hydrated fluid molecules and suggest that originally the nano-silicate melt inclusions had most probably low SiO2 (∼ 43.6 wt%) and high Al2O3 (∼ 15.5 wt%), Na2O (∼11.9 wt%) and H2O (∼ 30.3 wt%) contents. Using petrographic evidence, we propose that the amphibole lamellae formed as a result of post-entrapment reaction between clinopyroxene and the trapped fluid of the fluid inclusion. The presence of the hydrous nano-silicate melt inclusions suggest fluid migration along the clinopyroxene-amphibole interface, supporting the continuous growth of the studied amphibole. The association of the studied amphibole with hydrous nano-silicate melt inclusions suggests that H2O consumption from the fluid found in the micrometer-scale fluid inclusion continued at the nanoscale after a metasomatic event in the lithospheric mantle. This nanoscale process may also give information about the behavior of H2O globally in the lithospheric mantle where amphibole is stable, and along the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in younger oceanic and continental plates.