Formation Of Historical Memory Research Articles

Музей педагогического университета как методический центр по формированию исторической памяти и воспитанию гражданственности у обучающихся общеобразовательной школы

The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of a pedagogical university museum in organizing the interaction of subjects of the educational process and methodological support of their activities aimed at the formation of historical memory and citizenship among students of educational organizations of the Russian Federation (in particular, secondary schools). Using the example of the Museum of Local History of Altai State Pedagogical University, the article examines the activities of the museum of an educational organization of higher education as a center for the formation of historical memory and citizenship of students, shows the practice of organizing methodological work and building social communication between subjects of the educational process within the framework of the technology of designing and conducting thematic (extracurricular) events. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the experience of methodological activity of the Museum of Local History of the Altai State Pedagogical University is generalized, the conditions of creation and functioning of the methodological center for subjects of educational process on the basis of the university museum are revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is promising to define the role of the pedagogical university museum as a methodological center within the framework of interinstitutional interaction (school – school museum – university museum). It is noted that this practice has a pronounced multidisciplinary nature, combining educational and research components with activities aimed at the formation of historical memory and citizenship of students.

The role of historical memory in the formation of national identity: a study of the Ukrainian case

Introduction: The formation of historical memory in modern Ukraine is an important stage in the fight against Russian aggression, which has both military and ideological components. Objective: The purpose of the article is to analyse the role of historical memory in the formation of national identity (in the example of the Ukrainian experience). Methods: The study is based on the PRISMA approach. The criteria for including literature were based on content, thematic relevance, and methodology. The languages of the literature are English and Ukrainian. A total of 50 items were selected. We used software such as Excel and VOSviewer to create graphs and tables. The methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used in the study. Results: An important aspect of contemporary historical memory in Ukraine is the appeal to key historical markers that have a significant impact on the formation of national consciousness. Russian aggression has generated a demand for Ukrainian historical symbols and narratives that influence national identity through public relations channels. Conflict is important, and it can lead to a conflict of “memories” that is reinforced by certain political speculations. At the same time, addressing historical issues in political debates (politicisation of historical memory) and the lack of a generalised national narrative on the history of Ukraine are urgent challenges to the further influence of historical memory on the consolidation of Ukrainians. Conclusions: Historical memory is an important tool for overcoming the spread of Russian propaganda, which openly spreads myths about the revival of the Soviet empire

"UNWORTHY LIFE" AND HISTORICAL MEMORY OF NAZI VICTIMS IN GERMANY AND UKRAINE: THEORY, HISTORIOGRAPHY, AND POLITICAL PRACTICES (PART II)

The aim of this study is to provide a historiographical and source-based review of research on Nazi regime crimes during World War II in Ukraine, specifically concerning the murder of psychiatric hospital patients. This group of citizens had been dehumanized by the Nazi regime even before the war and fell under the category of "unworthy life". The objectives of the study also include analyzing the features of the suppression / "forgetting" of these "uncomfortable" historical events over a prolonged post-war period, as well as the reasons for their "return" and representation in contemporary Ukrainian historiography. Methodology. The methodological approaches employed in the preparation of this article include historiographical-source analysis, memory studies methods, comparative research techniques, and the history of science. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive historiographical and source-based review of the issue of Nazi regime victims whose lives were deemed "unworthy" and the representation of this topic in historical memory and commemorative practices in modern Ukraine. Conclusions. The generalized historiographical and source-based review with martyrological elements presented in this article is undoubtedly not exhaustive in terms of the studies conducted on this topic or the determination of the number of victims. However, in our opinion, it demonstrates that this scientific problem is no longer marginalized within the field of domestic historical research. Such thematic studies contribute to reducing the gaps and discontinuities in the formation of historical memory within Ukrainian society.

Prospects for the Development of Genealogy in Russia as a Socio-Cultural Institution

Introduction. Based on a generalization of approaches to defining the concept of “sociocultural institution” and highlighting its inherent characteristics, in this article the author attempts to identify the status of genealogical research in Russia, which attracts an interest from an increasing number of people. The main goal and task set by the author is to determine the prospects for the development of genealogical research in Russia and the possibility of transforming its status to the level of a sociocultural institution. Methodology and sources. The author relies on the works of domestic and foreign researchers on the problem of institutionalization in culture (such as M. Weber, Au. Comte, M. Hauriou, E. Durkheim, P. Sorokin, A.A. Radugin, O.A. Radugina, etc.), on the problems of human satisfaction of values (G. Hegel and K. Marx). The author also used articles and abstracts of dissertations on genealogy from 2000 to 2024, materials of social networks and podcasts: “GEN-TOK”, “History of you & GENTECH”, “Living Book” by I. Bivol, electronic journal “Genealogy for the whole family”, etc., video materials of GENTECH festivals. Results and discussion. When considering the main features of a sociocultural institution and drawing a parallel with the level of demand for genealogical research, the author focuses on the diversity of meanings in the content of the activities carried out by participants in this process. Summarizing the functions that genealogical research could perform in the formation of spiritual and moral values of society, the author draw the parallel with the provisions of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2024 N 145 “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”. Conclusion. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that genealogical research in Russia is currently more of a sociocultural activity, about which we have heard a lot and know little. It has not become a familiar form, and, therefore, in demand and understandable for the majority of Russian families, but it has every chance of becoming not only a factor in their unity and the formation of historical memory, but also a traditional socio-cultural activity that is the norm in society, and not the exception.

Preparing future primary school teachers to solve the problem of historical education of primary schoolchildren with the main focus on the formation of historical memory: Methodological and tech-nological aspects

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of preparing future teachers for delivering historical education and the formation of historical memory in primary schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to clarify methodological and technological aspects of preparing future primary school teachers to solve the problem of historical education of primary schoolchildren with the main focus on the formation of historical memory. Materials and Methods. The study follows the value-semantic approach. The research methods employed include the survey, the unfinished sentence method, statistical methods and content analysis. Results. The authors summarized the existing theoretical research on this problem, identified the level of future teachers’ awareness about the history of our country, justified the need to apply a value-semantic approach to the process of preparing students for delivering historical education in primary school with the main focus on the formation of historical memory, and proposed ways of preparing students for delivering historical education. Conclusions. The authors conclude that the preparation of future teachers for historical education with the main focus on the formation of historical memory among students should be carried out on the basis of a value-semantic approach. The basis of readiness for the implementation of this process is high level of teachers’ awareness about the history of our country, as well as their understanding and practical application of the mechanism of historical education in conjunction with the formation of historical memory.

FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AMONG FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CLASSES ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

At the current stage of national spiritual revival. In connection with the protracted economic crisis (which has affected the social sphere) and the war that is plaguing another river, the problem of forming a sense of love for Fatherlands among the younger generations, the power of young people has become increasingly important sovereignty, active participation in activity and creative life is becoming increasingly important. This aspect of education may become the primary developing, stabilizing, scientific-cognitive and cultural institution of matrimony, the civil-patriotic formation of youth, the formation of historical memory. This is a way to teach young people to evaluate historical phenomena on the basis of the principles of historical reliability, science, humanism, kindness, as well as a position of safety and intergenerational communication, creation guarantees of security of the Ukrainian nation. The State National Program “Osvita” (“Ukraine XXI century"), the Laws of Ukraine “About illumination”, “About illegal middle illumination” designate illumination tasks as strategic. Love before the Batkivshchyna, awareness of one’s community commitment on the basis of national and human spiritual values, strengthening the ranks of a citizen and a patriot of Ukraine to become rich and increase on this basis cultural and creative potential of our people.
 The Concept of civic education of the individual in the context of the development of Ukrainian statehood notes that the goal civic education is the formation of a “conscious citizen, patriot, professional, that is, a person with his inherent personal qualities, with character traits, worldview and abilities by thoughts, actions and behavior aimed at self-development and development of democratic civil society in Ukraine [1].

Военно-историческая тематика в проектах музейного комплекса имени Ивана Яковлевича Словцова

In the article, the authors analyze the presentation of military-historical themes in the projects of Museum Complex named after Ivan Yakovlevich Slovtsov. The introductory part evaluates the role of museums in the representation of military history, patriotic education, and the formation of historical memory. The relevance, novelty and theoretical basis of the research are substantiated, namely, the concept of “places of memory” by P. Nora, the characteristics of the sources are given, a brief historiographical overview is given. The main part of the article explores the plots of military history covered in the framework of the exposition and exhibition and cultural and educational activities of the museum, analyzes the forms of presentation of thematic information. In the work, the authors consider various objects of museum display of the Museum complex; identify their specifics in a given context, focus on interaction with the audience, including online. It is noted that the museum funds include rich materials about the military past, primarily domestic. Thematic collections – material, pictorial and other sources of the type – were often formed “hot on the trail”, they are replenished today. An important topic of military history, which is covered at various objects of the Museum Complex, their official sites on the Internet, is the Great Patriotic War. Next, you can specify many other events in the military history of the Fatherland, echoing stories from the military past of foreign countries. In conclusion, it is indicated that within the framework of the activities of the ICIMS, military-historical topics are presented in a wide chronological range, in events of different formats. Many of them are based on expositions and exhibitions. The heroics and tragedies of the front and rear, the daily life of wartime are demonstrated, with an emphasis on the participation of residents of the Tyumen region in the events. Traditionally, thematic projects are implemented by significant dates, mainly the national military history. When implementing military-historical projects, classical forms prevail – exhibitions and excursions, as well as reconstructions, lectures, master classes, etc. At the same time, their characteristics such as immersiveness and participativeness are developing. To immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the past, various methods are used, for example, museumshaped. A number of projects are implemented in partnership, including within the framework of a culture of co-participation. New trends include the presentation of militaryhistorical themes through images of modern art, the active use of modern information technologies, participation in various kinds of actions. The presentation of military history in museum projects contributes to the study of relevant topics, their popularization, education of patriotism and preservation of national memory. Additional motives for working in this direction are countering falsification in the field of historical memory, as well as the formation of a positive image of the region and the country, both for domestic consumers and for the development of tourism.

The Civil War in Russia. 1917–1922: Сomprehension after a Hundred Years

The article gives an excursion into the history of civil wars, characterizes their main features and peculiarities. The paper indicates the most significant studies of this subject. The periodization of the study of the Russian Civil War over the past hundred years is presented, and the main features and peculiarities of the Soviet and post-Soviet stages of its cognition are highlighted. The paper discovers the main results of the work done by historians on understanding the Civil War in Russia in connection with its centenary: scientific conferences, the most significant completed and ongoing scientific projects and publications. The modern understanding of the unique phenomenon of the Russian Civil War as a series or complex of wars and confrontations with the characteristics of the most important of them is analyzed. The author examines the study of some major problems of Civil War and foreign intervention. The article notes both the positive results achieved and the progress in cognition with the indication of the most informative published monographs and the departure of a number of topics to the periphery of research. The paper deals with the topic of historical memory and lessons of the Civil War in our country and abroad, the struggle of opinions on these issues. The author indicates the main directions of improving the work on memorialization of the Russian Civil War and formation of historical memory about it.

Утопия, война, постапокалипсис: образ СССР в зарубежных и российских видеоиграх

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the representation of the image of the USSR in foreign and domestic video games. The main purpose of the study is to examine the specifics of the impact of video games on the historical memory of the Soviet past. Theoretical analysis. The study was based on the hypothesis that video games in the conditions of mediatization and digitalization of public consciousness turn into one of the significant factors in the formation of historical memory. The research interest in the representation of images related to Soviet history in video games is conditioned by the policy of returning the Soviet heritage to the Russian ideological and socio-political discourse. Since Soviet history, and primarily the period of the Great Patriotic War, has become a significant element of contemporary Russian memory politics, there is a need to analyze the specifics of the images of the USSR constructed and broadcast by both domestic and foreign video games. Conclusion. As the study has shown, foreign video games are characterized by a predominantly negative image of the USSR based on Cold War stereotypes. Domestic video games broadcast various images of the Soviet past, which can be considered as a tool for reflection on the history of the Soviet Union and working through the historical trauma associated with its collapse.

On the question of the goals and content of political education in modern Russia (based on the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”)

The subject of the study is Russian political education in the context of modern challenges. Using systemic and structural-functional approaches as methodological grounds, the author analyzes the goals and content of political education as structural elements of a unified system, subject to certain patterns in their functioning. In addition, the connection between the system of political education and the external environment, which is the socio-political practice of Russian society and the activities of state institutions, is considered. Factors that contribute to increasing the importance of political education in modern conditions are identified. The works of domestic and foreign researchers devoted to political education, as well as social and humanitarian knowledge in general, were used. Their recommendations are compared with the concept of the new academic discipline “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood,” introduced in Russian universities on September 1, 2023. The importance of the educational component in the educational process of a modern university is revealed, since the content of education includes not only a scientific, but also a value component. Conclusions are drawn about the need to form in the political consciousness and culture of students the values of citizenship and patriotism, as well as the formation of historical memory, historical consciousness, the idea of connection with their country, its past, present and future. The principle of narrowly professional training of specialists is criticized, since it contradicts not only the education of a citizen, but also the humanization of education, its orientation towards creating conditions for the realization of freedom and self-development of the person.

Celebration of the 10th Anniversary of Soviet Power Restoration in Siberia in 1929 (the Example of the Omsk District)

The state policy in the Soviet Union regarding the formation of historical memory and commemorative practices is currently one of the most popular research areas for Russian scholars in the development of cultural and anthropological knowledge. In this context, the present study is of significant interest. Its purpose is to provide an analytical survey of the preparation and implementation of official jubilee events in 1929, which were organized on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Soviet power restoration in Siberia, based on unpublished materials from Soviet power bodies' paperwork and regional periodicals, using the Omsk district as an example. This study is presented for the first time in scientific circles. The theoretical basis of the research was the anthropological approach, the principle of systematicity, and the problem-chronological method. This methodological framework made it possible to analyze these regional celebrations as a reflection of state policy and the new common culture that was actively forming in the early Soviet society. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that the 1920s were a time for creating a pantheon of Heroes of the Revolution, establishing places of historical memory, and accumulating experience in organizing new public holidays closely related to the strengthening of communist ideology. This study is aimed at a broad audience of specialists interested in Soviet culture, society, the history of official holidays and commemorations in the USSR, and Soviet everyday life.

Формирование и развитие патриотизма у будущих управленцев: философско-методологические и праксиологические аспекты

The article reveals the philosophical, methodological and praxeological aspects of the formation and development of patriotism among students studying in the specialty “State and municipal management”. The research methodology, based on the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, includes: 1) a semiotic method that allows us to consider patriotic traditions not only as a symbolic, but also as a communicative phenomenon; 2) comparative method; 3) situational analysis. Patriotism is considered by the authors as a moral and socio-ethical category, which is a dialectical combination of intellectual-rational and mental-spiritual components. Based on this understanding, the authors are conducting practical work on the formation and education of patriotism among future managers within the walls of the Orenburg branch of the RANEPA. This work includes: 1) the formation of historical memory through the familiarization of students with the history of the Fatherland within the walls of the university and participation in extracurricular patriotic events; 2) familiarization with the richest Russian cultural heritage; 3) fostering love for the small motherland, one's native land; 4) industrial practice of future managers as the most realistic way to introduce them to professional activities.

The use of educational technologies for the development of students’ axiological potential (based on studying the ethnoculture of the Crimea)

Introduction. The article presents a study on the problem of designing educational activities that contribute to spiritual, moral and patriotic education of the younger generation, aimed at preserving culture, historical memory, and continuity of generations. The purpose of the research is to uncover and prove the capacity of student-centered technologies for the development of students' axiological potential during the study of Crimean ethnoculture. Materials and Methods. The study follows the axiological approach, from which the assessment of the educational capacity of the Crimean ethnoculture for spiritual and moral formation of the individual was made. Psychodiagnostic techniques were used to assess students' understanding of the main indicators of spiritual and moral development. The sample consisted of 1st and 2nd year undergraduate students of the Polytechnic Institute of Sevastopol State University, majoring in Technosphere safety. Results. The article reviews the research on the issues of spiritual and moral education in modern conditions and the problem of developing the axiological potential of the future professional. It should be noted that in modern conditions the problem of creating important life values (citizenship and patriotism, spirituality and morality, respect) are strategic priorities of social development. The authors emphasize that the self-understanding of a person as part of their nation and the formation of historical memory are based on the development of ethnoculture. This study substantiates that the Crimean region is a special socio-cultural platform favorable for the education of new generations on the basis of its specificity, contained in the ethno-cultural heritage. The authors argue that the educational environment of the university, including the use of student-centered technologies, ensures the development of individual’s axiological potential (realizing life purposes, moral meanings and sources of spiritual development). Conclusions. The authors come to the conclusion that developing axiological potential of students on the basis of studying Crimean ethnoculture contributes to the formation of a humanistically oriented personality, ready for intercultural dialogue, open to interaction and cooperation with people of different nationalities and faiths in the single multicultural ethnic society.

Problems of the historical past in Taiwanese history textbooks

Taiwan, which was ruled by the Japanese Empire from 1895 to 1945, still remains one of the few regions whose inhabitants do not emphasize the negative aspects of the colonial period. Because of traditionally close relations between Tokyo and Taipei the problems of the historical past have never been on the agenda of bilateral relations, and actualization of these problems was most commonly related with current domestic policy. According to current policy conducted by authorities of the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) interpretation of some historical periods are also usually revised in Taiwanese history textbooks. The article studies the approaches to the interpretation of colonial period of Taiwan history, role of education policy in Taiwan in formation of historical memory about Japanese period and its relation with interpretation of Kuomintang ruling period in 1950–80s. The article analyzes several curriculums of history education accepted in Taiwan in 1990–2010s, studies specific of interpretation of historical past in these curriculums and role of Taiwan local history in the context of general history of China.

The role of the subject «History (history of Russia. Universal history)» in the education of students and cadets

The article analyzes the change in ideas about the tasks of the academic discipline «History» in a modern university compared to the Soviet period, when the teaching of history was of a pronounced ideological nature. As noted in the article, currently the academic discipline “History” performs two tasks: the formation of historical memory and the education of patriotism. However, for a number of reasons, the potential of the discipline “History” was not fully realized for solving educational problems. The authors of the article show the possibilities of using the academic discipline «History» in the organization of educational work not only in extracurricular activities, but also during the educational process. The potential of the educational discipline history for spiritual and moral education and prevention of nationalism and religious extremism is analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that the educational discipline “History” itself has a significant educational potential, for the use of which in educational process it is necessary to rework the plan of educational work and change the content of the basic course «History».

Обращение к урокам прошлого необходимо и злободневно

The article discusses the problem of historical education of the younger generation, including those studying in elementary school. The view of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on the importance of studying history, starting from the first days of school education, as a prerequisite for patriotic and civic education is analyzed. The place of historical knowledge in the updated Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the contribution of school subjects to the formation of historical memory, historical thinking and education of moral feelings of younger schoolchildren are assessed.

DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS

The article is devoted to the topical issue of today - the formation of historical memory in primary school students. Historical memory is an important component of the strategy of national and cultural policy of the state, the system of national and patriotic education of children and youth in different levels ща educational institutions, as well as a factor in the unification of society and national self-identification. The purpose of the article is to analyze and describe effective ways of forming the historical memory of primary school children in the process of learning the Ukrainian language. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and questionnaires, which allowed them to analyze the pedagogical conditions of historical memory of primary school students in Ukrainian language lessons and identify the main directions of this process. Based on numerous studies by scholars, the authors clarified the essence of the concept of "historical memory" in connection with other concepts of patriotic education and considered its significance for society as a guardian of the nation and a factor in national self-identification. They focused on those normative educational documents that define the essence and tasks of the process of forming the historical memory of citizens in Ukraine. External factors that affect the historical memory of the individual and which, of course, should be taken into account by teachers in working on the formation of historical memory of students are considered in detail. The authors considered in detail the ways of forming the historical memory of primary school students in Ukrainian language lessons and gave recommendations on the content of the relevant didactic material. They found that Ukrainian language lessons in primary school are a good basis for the formation of patriotic feelings and historical memory of younger students, to awaken students' deep connection with previous generations of their people, their cultural and historical achievements, their involvement in the great, strong, ancient people, a sense of pride for their homeland.
 Keywords: historical memory; patriotic education; Elementary School; Ukrainian language lesson.

Formation and features of the evolution of historical memory among the Belarusian youth (from the experience of sociological research)

The introduction to the article substantiates the relevance of the topic of forming the historical memory of young people in a changing society. The article demonstrates the scientific-theoretical and practical significance of the sociological study of this problem. The technique of longitudinal research of historical memory is presented. The object of the study: graduate students of general secondary education and first and second year students of higher education in Grodno (Republic of Belarus). The main part of the article deals with the evolution of the historical memory of the Belarusian youth. The empirical basis of the work is formed by the results of three sociological surveys conducted in 2010, 2014 and 2021. The surveys were conducted according to the same methodology type. The goal was to identify the features and tendencies of the formation and the evolution of the historical memory of pupils and students, the level of knowledge and ideas about the events of the Great Patriotic War, assessments of the past and attitude to significant historical events. The mechanisms of formation and intergenerational transmission of historical memory are described. Based on the obtained empirical data, the content features of the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War are analysed. The most important source of formation of the historical memory of young people is school and university education. Most of the respondents note the absolute relevance in the modern society of the theme of the Great Patriotic War and the heroical deeds by the USSR peoples. The change of generations actualises the role of the family as an institution of the historical memory of young people. The article describes the influence of such socialising factors as movies, the Internet, television. The role of commemorations as a source of formation of the historical memory of living generations is considered. The results of the conducted studies are of practical importance. The obtained data were introduced into the educational process organised in institutions of general secondary and higher education. The materials and conclusions were recommended to government bodies and other organisations to be used in the development of the main directions of the state youth policy in the Republic of Belarus and its implementation across the country. At the end of the article, conclusions are presented based on the results of the study. The consolidating role of historical memory in the development of modern society is emphasised.

Немецкие этнографические коллекции марксовского краеведческого музея и их роль в формировании исторической памяти

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Marx Museum of Local Lore and its collections in the formation of historical memory. The characteristics of some items of German collections bearing the stamp ethnic specificity and being a reflection of historical memory. The conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach to the problem of historical memory as a form of museum reflection.

Formation of historical memory in future history teachers (on the example of the MSPU named after M. E. Evsevyev)

Formation of historical memory in future history teachers (on the example of the MSPU named after M. E. Evsevyev)