Formal Structure Research Articles

Revitalisasi Kampung Adat di Beo Ruteng Pu’u Manggarai Nusa Tenggara Timur

Revitalization of traditional villages is one of the efforts to preserve local culture, which is now being actively promoted in various regions, including in Beo Ruteng Pu’u, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to describe the form of revitalization taking place in the traditional village of Beo Ruteng Pu’u. The theoretical framework used in this research is Anthony F.C. Wallace’s Revitalization Movement Theory, which helps to understand both the forms of revitalization. A qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews with traditional elders, members of the Beo Ruteng Traditional Institution, and local residents, as well as document analysis. The findings reveal that the revitalization program includes physical improvements to the traditional village, such as repairing damaged structures and constructing access roads as part of a cultural romanticism movement. Non-physical developments also accompany the physical revitalization, including the strengthening of customary values and increasing cultural knowledge among the younger generation. Overall, the revitalization in Ruteng Pu’u serves as an example of successful development based on local culture. The synergy between formal structures and traditional wisdom has made the development process more meaningful and sustainable.

‘Verbi-voco-visual explorations’: information and the object of poetry between McLuhan and Bense

ABSTRACT The paper explores intersections between information aesthetics and poetic theory in the late 1950s and early 1960s, via a then-emerging understanding of poetry as a ‘verbi-voco-visual' form of art. This hybrid designation – coined by James Joyce in his novel Finnegans Wake – was prominently adopted in Marshall McLuhan's 1957 journal issue Verbi-Voco-Visual Explorations, a publication that pronounces the rise of a new ‘culture of orality' in the ‘age of information.' Contemporaneously, the Brazilian group of neo-avant-garde poets, Noigandres, began to appropriate the notion of the ‘verbi-voco-visual' in their theoretical writings, positing a model of poetic communication according to which the (Concrete) poem utilises the acoustic and optical properties of its lexical elements to convey non-verbal information about its linguistic structure. This model, in turn, was further developed by German information theorist Max Bense who championed Concrete Poetry as a radical means of separating ‘aesthetic information' from ‘linguistic (semantic) information'. Tracing the notion of the ‘verbi-voco-visual' across these simultaneously evolving projects, the paper shows how the conceptual focus on particular linguistic materialities facilitated in each case the development of generalising claims about the formal structures of aesthetic communication.

Reconciling Franchi's creativity-based approach with Chomsky's linguistic framework: a path to redrawing grammar teaching?

This article explores the conceptual intersection between Carlos Franchi’s notion of vertical creativity and Noam Chomsky’s hierarchical model of generative grammar, aiming to articulate perspectives from Brazilian interactional linguistics and cognitive-generative linguistics. Based on bibliographic and documentary research, the study argues that the cognitive and expressive potential present in Chomskyan recursion significantly aligns with Franchi’s view of linguistic creativity as a vertical, contextual, and innovative process. By analyzing how recursion not only generates syntactic complexity but also enables original linguistic expression, the study proposes a synthesis between creativity and formal structure. Methodologically, a theoretical and analytical approach is adopted, combining interpretive readings of foundational texts with selected linguistic examples. Special attention is given to Franchi’s reflections in his 1991 and 1992 articles, particularly episodes involving Father Matos, which illustrate language as a creative act rooted in cultural and dialogical contexts. These are examined in light of the cognitive perspective developed by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002), who position recursion as the core of the faculty of language. The results suggest that Chomsky’s theory of hierarchical recursion provides a strong foundation for understanding how linguistic creativity operates. Syntactic operations are shown not to be merely mechanical but deeply linked to semantic and pragmatic processes. Therefore, creative grammar teaching should highlight the mutual constitution between form and meaning, opening new emancipatory pedagogical pathways.

Understanding the political economy of reforming global health initiatives – insights from global and country levels

IntroductionSince 2000, the number and role of global health initiatives (GHIs) has been growing, with these platforms playing an increasingly important role in pooling and disbursing funds dedicated to specific global health priorities. While recognising their important contribution, there has also been a growth in concerns about distortions and inefficiencies linked to the GHIs and attempts to improve their alignment with country health systems. There is a growing momentum to adjust GHIs to the current broader range of global health threats, such as non-communicable diseases, humanitarian crises and climate change, and against the backdrop of the recent aid cuts. However, reform attempts are challenged by the political economy of the current structures.MethodsIn this article, we draw on research conducted as part of the Future of Global Health Initiatives process. The study adopted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach, drawing from a range of data sources and data collection methods, including a global and regional level analysis as well as three embedded country case studies in Pakistan, South Africa and Senegal. All data was collected from February to July 2023. 271 documents were analysed in the course of the study, along with data from 335 key informants and meeting participants in 66 countries and across a range of constituencies. For this paper, data were analysed using a political economy framework which focused on actors, context (especially governance and financing) and framing.FindingsIn relation to actors, the GHIs themselves have become increasingly complex (both internally and in their interrelations with other global health actors and one another). They have a large range of clients (including at national level and amongst multilateral agencies) which function as collaborators as well as competitors. Historically there have been few incentives for any of the actors to maximise collaboration given the competitive funding landscape. Power to exert pressure for reforms sits ultimately with bilateral and private funders, though single-issue northern non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are also cited as important influencers. Funders have not collaborated to enable reforms, despite concerns amongst a number of them, because of the helpful functional role of GHIs, which serves funder interests. Some key global boards are reported to be engineered for stasis, and there are widespread concerns about lack of transparency and over-claiming (by some GHIs) of their results. Framing of narratives about achievements and challenges is important to enable or block reforms and are vigorously contested, with stakeholders often selecting different outcomes to emphasise in justifying positions.ConclusionGHIs have played an important role in the global health ecosystem but despite formal accountability structures to include recipient governments, substantive accountability has been focused upwards to funders, with risk management strategies which prioritise tracking resources more than improved national health system performance. Achieving consensus on reforms will be challenging but current funding pressures and new threats are creating a sense of urgency, which may shift positions. Political economy analysis can model and influence these debates.

IMPACT OF FORMALIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE

In recent times, organizations in an attempt to adopt the best type of structure with the aim of attaining maximum employee performance have faced a lot of problems such as employee resistance to change, sophisticated technology and poor leaders. Also, organizational failure can be related to an inappropriate structure chosen which may hinder them to reach a desired goal. An appropriate structure is contingent upon both the type of work to be performed as well as the environment in which the organization conducts her activities. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of formalization and functional structure on employee performance in Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State. The study is a survey research design in which data was collected through questionnaire administered to 304 respondents. Data collected was subjected to percentage analysis and hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that formalization structure has positive impact employee performance (β = 0.985, t =221.466, p< 0.05). Also it was revealed that functional structure has significant positive impact on employee performance (β = 0.878, t =9.214, p< 0.05). The study therefore, recommends that there is need for the management to adhere to pass mistake in order to take precaution for future decisions, also sometimes employees should be giving opportunities to practice informal as long as it will not affect the operational style of the institution. Moreso, employees should be allow to contribute for decision making process, this will give a clear vision of what the goals and objectives of the institution is.

A New Look at Communication in the Context of Written Speech Interaction with Automated Systems

The study is built around determining the main features of written verbal interaction between a person and automated systems within the framework of the concepts “communication” and “dialogue”. An assessment is made of the validity of using the term “communication” in the context of interaction with chatbots, during which the characteristic features of this form of communication are highlighted, such as quasi-synchrony, immediacy, focus on interactivity, lack of social relationships between interlocutors, and a rigid formal structure. Interaction with a chatbot in natural language in a traditional question-answer dialogue form allows the user to achieve their communication goals in a familiar and comfortable way. Using the example of analyzing speech interactions with the ChatGPT-3.5 chatbot, it was revealed that communication with text generators is of a mixed nature, including elements of both oral and written speech. Automated systems, such as the ChatGPT-3.5 chatbot, are text generators and are used primarily to create a ready-made “text product” for a specific user task, which determines the text-oriented nature of the chatbot’s remarks. The text generated by the chatbot must be understandable, comply with language norms, and exist outside the current context of interaction. At the same time, in interaction with automated systems, elements of oral speech activity are revealed, such as a dialogical form of information exchange and a spontaneous nature of communication. The spontaneity of communication is manifested in this case in elliptical constructions, typos and grammatical errors in the user’s remarks. Interactivity is the ability of the user to intervene and interrupt or correct the process of creating a message. However, such communication cannot be called synchronous since the participants in the interaction cannot respond to each other’s messages immediately, but only after receiving a message in the complete form. This allows us to qualify this form of communication as quasi-synchronous.

Management Controls and the Reproduction of Gender Inequality: A Review and Research Agenda

This paper presents a literature review exploring how management controls – key mechanisms in aligning employee behaviour with organisational objectives – are implicated in the (re)production of gender inequality in organisations. Based on an integrative review of interdisciplinary research and drawing on Acker’s theory of gendered organisations and the concept of inequality regimes, this study explores the multiple ways in which three major management control categories – performance evaluation, formal organisational structure, and socio-ideological control are enacted and prove central to the reproduction of gender inequality in organisations. Moreover, the paper examines how inequality is reinforced through two institutionalised organisational discourses: meritocracy and the ideal worker. This review shows that different control mechanisms do not work in isolation but reinforce each other, and that their gendered effects are cumulative throughout an individual’s career. This paper provides both a roadmap and research agenda for scholars and practitioners, offering guidance on designing and implementing more gender-inclusive control systems.

Maternal health education and social support needs across the perinatal continuum of care: a thematic analysis of interviews with postpartum women in Punjab, India

BackgroundPerinatal social support and maternal education throughout the antenatal, childbirth, and postpartum phases contribute to the optimization of health and well-being of mothers and infants. Understanding deficits among support and educational resources can contribute to improved public health decision-making and maternal and child healthcare and wellbeing. This study aimed to explore health and social experiences and resources to characterize and unmet needs across the perinatal period.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study among 20 primiparous postpartum women from Punjab state, North India. Potential participants were identified from antenatal care registers maintained at healthcare sub-centers and were interviewed at their homes. Data were analyzed thematically, examining social support resources and needs across perinatal phases by social support domain: emotional, tangible, and informational.ResultsStudy participants received the most social and educational support antenatally. We identified considerably low knowledge surrounding childbirth and low maternal knowledge and social support around postpartum care and practices. Notable issues reported involved lack of consent, and satisfaction and comfort with childbirth care. Participant narratives highlighted the crucial role of both formal and informal support structures, with a heavy reliance on advice from community health workers (ASHAs), midwives, and doctors. Unmet needs were identified in areas such as post-cesarean section diet and care, institutional childbirth, and ASHA support, along with discrepancies between the advice given and evidence-based practices. While many participants' support needs were met by their networks, these gaps highlight critical areas for systems improvement.ConclusionThis study-identified gaps in maternal knowledge and support, particularly in the post-cesarean and institutional childbirth contexts, are underexplored in existing research. Findings suggest critical areas for improvement in maternal healthcare support, particularly regarding the alignment of advice with evidence-based practices. Programs should focus on educating women about the institutional childbirth process and providing better postpartum care education, especially regarding post-cesarean care and infant care. Strengthening the role of community health workers (ASHAs) with evidence-based training can improve support. Additionally, programs should enhance the integration of both formal (doctors, midwives) and informal support networks to create a more comprehensive care system.Trial registrationThis research is part of the formative phase of a larger intervention trial. Trial was prospectively registered with Clinical trial registry of India. (CTRI/2020/12/029800 [Registered on: 15/12/2020].

Impact of a mathematical pre-course on first-year physics students

The transition from school-level mathematics to the more abstract and formal structures in universities poses challenges for many first-year physics students. To address this gap, most physics faculties offer a mathematics pre-course. Here, we report about a pre-posttest study investigating the impact of a pre-course on N = 56 first-year physics students at the Leipzig University. The according tests were conducted in October 2022, which were correlated to the subsequent first and second-semester exam results. Thus, the research focused on measuring the knowledge gain and changes in mathematical abilities before and after the pre-course as well as the resulting medium-term effects. The results show a significant improvement in the math skills of the participants in the pre-course, especially among participants with intermediate prior knowledge. Additionally, the study reveals a correlation between the level of school mathematics instruction and learning success in the pre-course. Medium-term effects revealed that pre-course participants displayed higher pass rates and better grades, particularly in modules directly influenced by pre-course contents. This research underlines the effectiveness of the pre-course in mathematics in improving and reactivating the mathematical skills of first-year physics students.

Система местных органов власти в годы первого франкизма (1939–1955)

This article analyzes the system of local government in Spain during the early Francoist period (1939–1950s). The author examines how the Franco regime combined traditional ele-ments of administrative organization—rooted in the liberal monarchy of the 19th century—with new mechanisms of control that facilitated the centralization of power. Francoism retained a three-tiered structure (central government – prov-inces – municipalities). The regional level, introduced during the Second Republic for Catalonia and the Basque Country, was abolished, effectively revoking the autonomy of these re-gions. Nonetheless, a certain degree of autonomy was pre-served for two provinces—Álava and Navarre. The regime largely maintained the formal structure of local governance. In an effort to create an appearance of democratic procedure, local elections were permitted from 1945 onward. However, control was exerted through appointed officials and corporat-ist structures: only one-third of municipal councilors were di-rectly elected, while the rest were appointed. The principal difference between the local government system under Franco and that of the Restoration period lies in the social composition of the local administration. It reflected a compromise between the old elite (associated with traditional monarchist parties) and new Francoist cadres (primarily Falangists). This arrangement contributed to the system’s stability, as it allowed the dictator to avoid full dependence on either group.

『헨리에타 랙스의 불멸의 삶』과 서사의학의 쟁점들

This article explores the narrative form of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot to examine key issues in narrative medicine and extend its methodological scope. Widely used in North American medical/health humanities curricula, Skloot’s nonfiction work intertwines the biomedical history of the HeLa cell line with the life of Henrietta Lacks, a Southern Black woman from whom the cell line is originated. In doing so, the book raises bioethical questions about human tissue experimentation and the racialized nature of scientific knowledge production. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks shares narrative medicine’s interest in mediating individual experience and the biomedical paradigm, yet its formal structure diverges from the first-person illness narrative typically centered in the field. Focusing on this productive difference, this article examines the book’s narrative voice and critical debates around it to reassess assumptions in narrative medicine from a literary studies perspective. Skloot’s narrative shifts the focus from patient selfhood to the marginalization of vulnerable subjects within the biomedical structure, broadening the boundaries of what is considered an illness narrative. However, narrated from the perspective of a white journalist, the book also objectifies the Lacks family’s Blackness and thus also risks reinscribing the very racial inequalities it intends to critique. This tension underscores the need for literary analysis in medical/health humanities to move beyond recovering patient voices toward interrogating how voices are mediated, represented, and framed.

Media and Internet Linguistics: Language Transformation in Digital Communication

This study examines the transformation of language form and function in digital communication, focusing on platforms such as Twitter, TikTok, Instagram, Reddit, and Kaskus. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and multimodal analysis of 2,000 digital entries, it was found that digital communication forms a new language genre that is hybrid, visual, and performative. Phenomena such as code-mixing, acronyms, phonetic spelling, and the use of emoticons and memes reflect linguistic adaptations to the speed, efficiency, and emotional expression that characterize digital platforms. The findings show linguistic variation between generations: Gen Z tends to use visual symbols and concise language, while older generations (Millennials and Gen X) maintain a more formal sentence structure. Data visualization using NVivo and Voyant Tools strengthens the identification of dominant themes such as emotion, irony, and community slang. These findings support previous literature, such as Barrot (2022) and Kurmanbekova et al. (2023), which highlight the simplification and diversification of language in the digital era. This study confirms that social media is not only a space for linguistic expression, but also an arena for innovation, the spread of digital dialects, and shifts in communication norms. While bringing creativity and cultural engagement, these changes also raise concerns about the decline in formal literacy skills. Therefore, this study recommends further exploration of the long-term impact of digital language use on literacy education and culture.

The Strategic Role of FELDA in Improving Socioeconomic Wellbeing: A Critical Analysis (2015-2024)

This study examines how effectively FELDA has improved settler socioeconomic wellbeing (2015-2024) and identifies implementation gaps in FELDA's development strategies. Research employed a qualitative multi-case methodology across six settlements in Johor, Pahang, and Negeri Sembilan, collecting data through interviews with 84 respondents, field observations, and document analysis. Data underwent thematic analysis within an institutional theory framework. Results demonstrate FELDA achieved significant economic improvements—settler monthly income increased 68% (RM2,500 to RM4,200) and the Community Wellbeing Index rose from 65.5 to 78.3. However, implementation gaps persisted with outcomes below targets, alongside a sharp generational divide in technology adoption. These findings provide guidance for policymakers on institutional transformation strategies regarding demographic transition, technology adoption, and governance models. The study extends institutional theory by demonstrating formal structures' interaction with local implementation dynamics in rural development contexts. Future research should investigate transferability of successful FELDA strategies to other rural development initiatives and explore innovative intergenerational knowledge transfer models that could address the technological divide affecting elderly settlers.

Tenure Security and Responsible Land Management of Urban Informal Settlements on Waqf Land in Semarang City, Indonesia

The major challenge facing big cities in developing nations is allocating residential land to the urban poor, given the constraints on land availability. This article investigates how and why the management of Waqf land, a particular type of land tenure in urban informal settlements, transforms. The analysis draws on principles of responsible land management and focuses on the specific case of Waqf land owned by the Kauman Grand Mosque in Semarang City, Indonesia. With a questionnaire distributed among tenants of the Waqf land, it was possible to retrieve data on experiences with the management of the Waqf land. The questionnaire and subsequent analysis used a scoring sheet based on the 8R framework of responsible land management. The findings indicate that the management of Waqf land in the study area changed and improved over time, evolving from an informal to a more formal structure. The responses additionally demonstrate a gradual transformation whereby, gradually, nearly all aspects of the 8R framework of responsible land management are considered positively. Nevertheless, the aspects of reflexivity and retraceability still score low, as access to documentation is still limited, and evaluations of how effective the management of land is are infrequent. The study concludes that despite being an unconventional form of land management, the Waqf land tenure regime appears to secure informal types of urban tenure, especially in areas with limited land availability. Moreover, the Waqf land institution supports strong and cooperative relationships within the community.

Organizational Culture Management In Building Educational Innovation of Private Madrasah Aliyah In Riau Province

This study explores the concept and management of organizational culture in fostering innovation within Private Islamic Senior High Schools in Riau Province, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis, supported by relevant reference instruments. The findings reveal two key insights. First, the strength of an organizational concept extends beyond its formal structure to include its responsiveness to both internal and external demands. In the context of Private Islamic Senior High Schools in Riau, this is demonstrated by the ability to align national education policies with the local needs of students and communities. The organization’s role as a facilitator of innovation is crucial to ensuring that learning programs are not only routine but also responsive to real-world educational challenges. Second, sustainable educational innovation requires an organizational culture rooted in creativity, risk-taking, and a commitment to continuous improvement. Such a culture can be cultivated through effective leadership, regular collective reflection, and strong collaboration among teachers. Furthermore, strategic management of organizational culture can help overcome structural and psychological barriers that often hinder meaningful change

Reimagining Work: An Empirical Review of Gig Employment and Its Impact on Formal Job Markets in India

The gig economy is increasingly altering the landscape of global employment, shifting the paradigm from traditional employer-employee relationships to flexible, task-based work structures. In India, a rapidly growing demographic of youth, urban migrants, and informal workers have embraced gig work as a viable employment alternative. This study seeks to understand the transformation driven by the gig economy, with particular attention to its impact on formal employment structures. The analysis relies on secondary data from NITI Aayog (2022), the International Labour Organization (2024), and the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2023), along with additional sources such as Oxford Internet Institute (2021), Deloitte (2022), and CMIE. The findings suggest that although the gig economy creates employment avenues, it also amplifies risks related to income instability, legal ambiguity, and inadequate social protection. The study concludes with recommendations for building an inclusive regulatory and economic framework that can ensure decent and sustainable livelihoods for India’s gig workforce.

Enhancing Administrative Texts Through Cohesive Devices and Narrative Elements

This study aims to shed light on how the combination of cohesive devices (henceforth CDs) and narrative elements (NEs) contributes to developing the coherence and clarity of administrative texts (ATs). While CDs and NEs were constantly treated as separate elements in previous studies, this research delves into their interaction as complementary strategies within ATs. Quantitative content analysis was employed to analyze 20 Vietnamese ATs, the results show that when CDs (reference, conjunction, ellipsis, and substitution) are combined with NEs (processes, participants, and spatial-situational settings), they occupy a crucial role in constructing textual cohesion, thematic continuity, and systematic transparency. These compound linguistic elements improve reading competence. As a result, readers can retain information more effectively, and the formal tone of administrative texts becomes more reinforced. Moreover, the results suggest that merging structural and experiential meanings in ATs significantly enhances both clarity and reader engagement. Drawing upon systemic functional linguistics as its theoretical framework, this study improves both theoretical interpretation within discourse studies and practical implications for developing ATs. Building on these findings, this study develops an analytical framework for examining how the combination of NEs and CDs operates to achieve structural objectives. Future research can apply this model to other text types, which are characterized by clarity, integrity, and formal structure. In short, this research demonstrates the roles of CDs and NEs in the construction of coherent and accessible ATs.

Pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Komisaris dan Keahlian Komite Audit terhadap Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan di Sektor Kesehatan

This study aims to examine the influence of board size and audit committee expertise on the quality of financial reporting in healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2023. The healthcare sector was selected due to its complex financial systems and high risk of financial statement manipulation, requiring strong and transparent governance. A quantitative approach with purposive sampling was employed, resulting in 106 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of each independent variable on financial reporting quality. The findings indicate that neither board size nor audit committee expertise has a significant effect on financial reporting quality. This suggests that formal governance structures alone do not guarantee high-quality reporting without effective oversight. For example, PT Kimia Farma Tbk achieved a Good Corporate Governance score of 96.48 in its 2022 Annual Report but still posted a net loss of IDR 170.04 billion, showing that formal expertise in audit committees does not automatically prevent reporting quality issues. The results highlight that effective oversight is driven more by independence, active participation, and a strong governance culture than by technical background or the number of supervisory members. This study contributes to understanding the limitations of formal governance mechanisms in strategic sectors.

Ethical Governance and Human Resources Management in the Bank of Sierra Leone

This quantitative study examined ethical governance and human resources (HR) management practices at the Bank of Sierra Leone (BSL), focusing on balancing employee rights with organizational objectives. Guided by Stakeholder Theory, the research emphasized the importance of considering all stakeholders, particularly employees, in the bank's governance framework. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, the study collected primary data through structured questionnaires administered to a randomly selected sample of 100 employees from a population of approximately 1,000, achieving an 85% response rate. This approach provided a snapshot of employees' perceptions and experiences related to ethical governance at a single point in time. Findings indicated that BSL had established formal structures to promote ethical governance, such as oversight committees and codes of conduct. However, instances of workplace injustice, including unlawful dismissals and discrimination, were identified, suggesting gaps between policy and practice. The study also revealed that external pressures, such as societal expectations and regulatory requirements, influenced BSL's HR practices. Despite these pressures, internal dynamics, including management's commitment to ethical principles, played a crucial role in shaping the bank's governance culture. In conclusion, while BSL had frameworks in place for ethical governance, inconsistencies in implementation affected employee trust and organizational effectiveness. The study recommended strengthening internal mechanisms to ensure that ethical policies are consistently applied, thereby enhancing employee satisfaction and aligning with the bank's strategic goals.

Improving Digital Safety and Ethical Awareness through Community Service Initiatives in Educational Environments

This study presents the outcomes of a community service initiative conducted by Informatics Engineering students of UIN Jakarta, focusing on the enhancement of digital literacy—particularly digital safety and digital ethics—within the cultural context of Indonesian educational institutions. The program engaged nine schools across Jakarta, Tangerang City, South Tangerang, and Bogor, regions characterized by diverse educational and socio-cultural backgrounds. Emphasizing culturally sensitive approaches to digital interaction, the program provided participants with knowledge and ethical frameworks aligned with local values and community norms. Post-program evaluations revealed a marked increase in digital literacy, with an average score of 4.28 on a 5-point scale. Furthermore, 47.1% of participants rated the module on data security at the highest level. However, cultural barriers were also identified, including hesitancy from some institutions to adopt formal digital supervision structures, often due to traditional perceptions of trust and authority. Despite these challenges, the initiative proved effective in cultivating culturally-aware digital behavior, preparing participants to navigate the digital era while remaining rooted in local ethical standards.