Formal Recognition Research Articles

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia: who wrote this century-old history?

The Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia (ABD), an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, has been published since 1925. ABD is considered the most influential dermatological journal in Latin America. By 2025, the journal will mark a significant milestone, celebrating a century of history. Over this time, it has published 99 volumes and 6,299 contributions from more than 10,800 authors. To analyze the trajectory of the journal, this study employs an applied research approach characterized by descriptive objectives and a quantitative nature. This research was based on a documentary procedure that encompassed all contributions already published in the journal. The main goal of the work was to identify the most prominent authors who have contributed to the journal and to map the largest co-authorship communities. The authors hope that this research serves as a formal recognition of the researchers who have written the history of the ABD.

Maladaptive daydreaming should be included as a dissociative disorder in psychiatric manuals: position paper.

Maladaptive daydreaming is a distinct syndrome in which the main symptom is excessive vivid fantasising that causes clinically significant distress and functional impairment in academic, vocational and social domains. Unlike normal daydreaming, maladaptive daydreaming is persistent, compulsive and detrimental to one's life. It involves detachment from reality in favour of intense emotional engagement with alternative realities and often includes specific features such as psychomotor stereotypies (e.g. pacing in circles, jumping or shaking one's hands), mouthing dialogues, facial gestures or enacting fantasy events. Comorbidity is common, but existing disorders do not account for the phenomenology of the symptoms. Whereas non-specific therapy is ineffective, targeted treatment seems promising. Thus, we propose that maladaptive daydreaming be considered a formal syndrome in psychiatric taxonomies, positioned within the dissociative disorders category. Maladaptive daydreaming satisfactorily meets criteria for conceptualisation as a psychiatric syndrome, including reliable discrimination from other disorders and solid interrater agreement. It involves significant dissociative aspects, such as disconnection from perception, behaviour and sense of self, and has some commonalities with but is not subsumed under existing dissociative disorders. Formal recognition of maladaptive daydreaming as a dissociative disorder will encourage awareness of a growing problem and spur theoretical, research and clinical developments.

Understanding Teacher Educators' Quality of Life: Insights from the PERMA Model

Abstract Teacher Educators (TE) are a specific category of Higher Education (HE) academics whose primary responsibility is the preparation of Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) for the Early Childhood, Primary, Secondary, and Further Education and Training contexts. TEs navigate this important, multifaceted role in addition to growing work pressures and decreased resource allocations. Though these stressors often lead to burnout, negatively impacting TEs’ wellbeing, productivity, and career satisfaction, many persevere in this career despite these challenging experiences. This qualitative study employs the popular PERMA model (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) to explore the protective factors that support TEs’ mental health, wellbeing, and resilience. Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) was applied to a combination of open-ended survey responses (n = 154) and semi-structured interview (n = 14) data from Higher Education TEs in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). Participants reported that excessive relational demands and the undervaluation and under-recognition of accomplishments in promotion systems challenged their wellbeing. However, findings highlight how positive emotions, vocational workflow, social support, a sense of meaning/purpose, and professional accomplishment can support thriving in the workplace. Our sample further benefitted from general wellbeing practices (diet, exercise, mindfulness), professional collegiality, and boundary setting, which help maintain work–life balance. These findings suggest that HE institutions might consider PERMA-informed initiatives – such as wellbeing programmes, formal recognition of diverse work achievements, and flexible workload policies – to mitigate workplace stress and promote TE resilience. Promoting these factors may improve quality of life outcomes for TEs and enhance outcomes within initial teacher education.

The Relationship between Bodaboda Riders and Livelihoods among Their Families in Magugu Ward, Babati District: A Qualitative study

Bodaboda motorcycle taxis are integral to the informal transportation sector in East Africa, significantly impacting family livelihoods. While studies in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania have explored the role of bodaboda riders in improving household incomes and access to services, there is a gap in understanding this livelihood strategy in Magugu Ward, Babati District, Tanzania. This qualitative study examines how bodaboda riding affects family livelihoods in this specific context, drawing on the human capital theory. The research reveals that bodaboda riding is a primary source of income for many families in Magugu Ward, contributing to education, healthcare, and basic needs. However, challenges such as income instability, safety concerns, and a lack of formal recognition mirror those in other African contexts, threatening the sustainability of this livelihood. The study recommends policy interventions, income diversification, and safety measures to enhance the long-term viability of bodaboda riding as a means of improving family livelihoods in Magugu Ward. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of bodaboda riders' role in East Africa and offer insights for policy and development strategies in similar contexts.

Achieving Inclusion: University Staff Working in Third Space Between Academic and Professional Spheres of Activity

The article reflects on the case of staff employed on academic and professional contracts in UK universities who work in areas of activity that are not aligned precisely to either domain, sometimes referred to as “third space.” Examples are given of academic staff on teaching‐only contracts and people employed on professional contracts in educational and research development roles. Although such individuals are likely to be highly qualified, with a master’s or doctoral qualification, teach and, in some cases, undertake research, they occupy territory in the university that often lacks formal recognition. This is particularly so in relation to the legitimacy of their roles and parity with academic colleagues who undertake mainstream teaching and research and contribute to the UK Research Excellence Framework. Despite increasing commentary on the existence of these roles by practitioners themselves, institutions have been slow to accord them legitimacy in terms of, for example, dedicated space in institutional structures, appropriate professional development opportunities, career paths, or promotion and assessment criteria. Such individuals are therefore liable to feel excluded from the mainstream, even though they may be making a significant contribution to academic endeavours. Examples are offered of the extent to which individuals are able to achieve recognition at both a personal and collective level, and suggestions are made as to practical ways in which universities might accord this group of staff greater visibility, and thereby reduce the cultural, and implicitly hierarchical, divide between them and academic colleagues with an extended teaching and research profile.

Towards accredited clinical training in brain stimulation: Proceedings from the brain stimulation subspecialty summits.

Towards accredited clinical training in brain stimulation: Proceedings from the brain stimulation subspecialty summits.

Implementation of Customary Law in Land Dispute Resolution in Indigenous Law Communities

Land disputes within indigenous law communities remain a complex and evolving issue in Indonesia. Although customary law is recognized within the national legal framework, its implementation continues to face various challenges, including limited formal recognition and overlapping agrarian regulations. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of customary law in resolving land disputes, compare it with national litigation mechanisms, and identify factors influencing its application. Employing both empirical and normative legal approaches, this research utilizes in-depth interviews, observations, and legal document analysis. The study sample includes customary leaders, agrarian officials, law enforcement officers, and disputing community members. Findings indicate that 75% of the 100 land dispute cases examined were successfully resolved through customary mechanisms, whereas only 30% of cases reached resolution through national litigation. Additionally, the average time required for dispute resolution under customary law was approximately four months, significantly shorter than the three to five years typically needed for litigation. Key factors supporting the effectiveness of customary law include the flexibility of deliberative mechanisms, high community compliance, and a restorative justice approach. However, the implementation of customary law still faces challenges regarding legal legitimacy, external interventions, and the lack of regulatory support to accommodate indigenous dispute resolution mechanisms. Therefore, more inclusive policies are needed to integrate customary law into the national legal system, creating a more effective and equitable dispute resolution framework

‘Under the German Shadow’: Attempts to Gain Recognition for the Italian Social Republic in Argentina

This article constitutes the first systematic study of the relations between the Argentine government and the Italian Social Republic between 1943 and 1945. Numerous investigations have been devoted to the relations between Italy and Argentina, including those concerning the two decades of Fascism, but none have analysed this two-year period, which turned out to be crucial for both nations. Argentina was the sole non-European country, with the exception of Japan and its satellites, and the only neutral nation outside Europe from which the Salò government sought formal recognition. A detailed analysis of a wide range of Italian and Argentine archival sources indicates that this decision was influenced by the actions of the Nazi government in Berlin. The primary motivation behind it was to maintain the alliance with Germany and to compensate for the ‘betrayal’ of diplomats loyal to Badoglio. However, Berlin’s decisions exerted a significant influence on the operations of the fascist Republic, primarily through the obstruction of the request for official recognition of the RSI government in Argentina and, secondly, by implementing measures that targeted Argentine diplomats in Italy.

Material and Immaterial Symbolic Elements of the Feast of the Congado of Our Lady of the Rosary of Abaeté, MG

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, Saint Benedict, and Saint Efigenia in Minas Gerais, focusing on the analysis of memory, heritage, and popular culture, as well as the symbolic elements that characterize this cultural manifestation. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on literature about cultural heritage and Rosary festivals. The analysis addresses the relationship between resistance, religiosity, and the affirmation of identities. We explore the contribution of orality in the perpetuation of cultural traditions, drawing on socio-anthropological theories. Method: The methodology employed was mixed, combining literature review and documentary analysis for historical and cultural background, in addition to empirical data collection through interviews, informal conversations, and video analysis, with the goal of understanding the current dynamics of the festival. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that, although the festival has a Catholic character, it preserves and perpetuates elements of Afro-Brazilian culture. It continues to be transmitted orally, from generation to generation, as a lived experience that blends Portuguese Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian tradition, presenting itself as a space of resistance and identity affirmation. Research Implications: This study emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural manifestations as intangible heritage. The formal recognition of these cultural practices can strengthen collective memory and ensure preservation. Originality/Value: The research contributes to the understanding of the festival as a cultural phenomenon that reflects the interaction of different cultures. Its originality lies in the analysis of the symbolic elements of the festival and in the appreciation of the transmission of tradition.

The role of customary law in Environmental Conservation: A Case Study in Dayak Indigenous communities

This research examines the role of Dayak customary law in environmental conservation, focusing on sustainable natural resource management. It explores how practices such as land-use restrictions, sacred forest protection, and conservation rituals contribute to ecosystem preservation. The study also identifies conflicts between customary law and national policies, particularly regarding land tenure and resource exploitation by industries. Using a normative legal approach, the research analyzes Indonesia’s legal framework, including the 1945 Constitution, the Forestry Law, and the Environmental Protection Law. Through case studies in Kalimantan, the study highlights the effectiveness of these practices in conserving the environment. The findings indicate that while customary law plays a crucial role in conservation, its potential is hindered by insufficient recognition and alignment with national laws. The study recommends enhancing the formal recognition of customary law through clearer legal frameworks, improving collaboration with local governments, and providing capacity-building programs for indigenous communities to ensure sustainable resource management.

Work-related grief and bereavement experiences of social and community service workers working with people experiencing social disadvantage: a rapid scoping review

BackgroundWhile an extensive body of research in palliative care exists on the experiences of grief and bereavement among family caregivers, much of this research is based on normative assumptions of who family caregivers are – housed, financially stable, and with extended family and/or friends to draw on for support. Research shows that in contexts of social disadvantage(e.g., homelessness and poverty, mental health and substance use concerns, racism and discrimination), social and community workers can become ‘defacto’ family and provide caregiving support at the end of life. Yet, there is little known about the grief and bereavement experiences of this worker group.MethodsThis study aimed to review the available literature on the experiences of grief and bereavement among workers working with people experiencing social disadvantage. A rapid scoping review was conducted following the JBI scoping review methodology. Six sources (Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, Sociological s, and Social Work s) were searched to identify relevant articles published until June 30th, 2023. From the systematic search and screening process, 9 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the analysis.ResultsNine studies were included in this review that employed various qualitative approaches. Three main themes emerged from the narrative synthesis and thematic analysis: (1) Working in contexts of inequities, (2) Distress and its attributing factors, (3) Support needs and strategies.ConclusionsCaring for socially disadvantaged individuals poses unique challenges, compounded by repeated loss, premature deaths, and societal stigma. Social and community service workers lack formal recognition for their pivotal palliative care role, necessitating organizational support, palliative education, and collective responses to address their unmet grief and bereavement needs. Further research is essential.

Motivations for paying regard to children’s right in relation to democracy and education: An analysis of Swedish and Italian policy investigations

Approaches to human and children’s right are in many European countries politically interlinked with human rights and democracy. Human rights are considered as an essential ethical tool to secure sustainable democracies through enhancing cultures where people protect the rights of others. However, the relationship between rights and democracy in education remains elusive. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of the most recent political investigations on children’s right in Sweden and Italy, two countries with distinct cultural and political landscapes. The study employs a methodology of comparison and thematic content analysis to unravel themes on democracy and children’s right in policy documents. The paper contributes to the field by pioneering an international comparative analysis of these themes, shedding light on the nuanced approaches in the Italian and Swedish contexts. The findings reveal multifaceted themes emphasizing democracy as foundational to recognizing and upholding children’s rights. Both countries exhibit a commitment to democracy as a safeguard for children’s rights, yet challenges persist in translating formal recognition into active participation, highlighting the need for a pedagogical shift in perceiving children as active contributors to democratic processes.

Experience and role of Italian nurses working in genetic clinics: a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study

BackgroundIn several countries, the role of the genetic nurse has developed over decades, becoming well-recognized and integrated into healthcare systems. In contrast, in Italy, this role is still emerging, with no formal legal recognition and limited awareness among healthcare professionals and hospital administrators. Given this context, it is crucial to assess how the role and activities of nurses in genetic clinics in Italy are perceived.MethodsPhenomenological qualitative study was performed. Three focus groups and one individual interview were conducted to collect data between April and November 2022 and transcribed verbatim. Phenomenological analysis was used to provide a comprehensive description of the overall thematic map and to interpret the data.ResultsA purposive sample of 14 Italian nurses with working experience in genetic clinics were recruited for interviews. Three themes were identified: (a) Education, (b) Working in genetic clinics, and (c) Acknowledgement of genetic nurse role. The absence of genetics education in nursing programs has led to on-the-job training in this field. The activities performed were unclear since they were neither standardized nor recognized. The role of the genetic nurse was not acknowledged, and in Italy, nurses trained in genetics did not have the opportunity to choose their recruitment as it was not voluntary.ConclusionsThis evidence highlights the need for formally recognizing the role of the genetic nurse in Italy. This could be achieved through the definition of standard activities and the implementation of formal education in genetics and genomic fields.

“Liturgies in Kaaps” as demotic discourse for generating spiritual capital among youth

There is a close relationship between language, especially a first language or mother tongue language, and identity formation. There is furthermore a connection between liturgical celebrations, faith and identity formation. Recent debates about being Khoisan or Coloured reflect contestation to the term “Coloured” as an imposed racial identifier resulting in some living in a continuous state of displacement, migration or liminality. Kaaps is the language of some “Coloured” people in South Africa, especially in the Western Cape, and there is a nascent movement amongst speakers of Kaaps to gain formal recognition for their language. This is reflected through varying literary forms, the use of media and television, clothing brands and even liturgical styles of worship in churches. Included here is an ongoing project to translate the Bible into Kaaps. This chapter explores by means of a literature study the potential of Kaaps to generate spiritual capital amongst “Coloured” youth in South Africa by means of liturgies in Kaaps that, as demotic discourses, can counter the hegemonic discourses of English and Afrikaans liturgies and as such the importance and possibilities of liturgies in Kaaps as relevant to the faith and identity formation of youth.

Examining Primary School Principals’ Instructional Leadership Practices: A Case Study on Curriculum Reform and Implementation

This study examines how primary school principals navigate and influence curriculum reform through instructional leadership. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and structured observations with three purposefully selected principals, guided by the Principal Instructional Management model. Interview questions focused on three core areas—developing the school mission, managing the instructional program, and fostering a positive school climate—allowing principals to share insights on their leadership strategies, challenges, and engagement in curriculum reform. Observations captured real-time practices, such as classroom visits, teacher interactions, and feedback sessions, to provide a comprehensive view of their instructional leadership roles. Thematic analysis revealed that principals actively shape school missions by integrating personal beliefs, educational agendas, and curriculum policy knowledge. They engage in reflective practices such as meetings and retreats to reinforce the school’s vision among teachers, manage instructional programs through routine and random checks, motivate teachers with positive feedback, and promote a positive climate by supporting social cohesion and addressing teachers’ personal needs. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of instructional leadership, where principals balance personal convictions with policy-driven mandates. Recommendations include targeted professional development and formal policy recognition of instructional leadership to empower principals in leading reform efforts.

Displaced in a Land of Denial: Who is an IDP in Lebanon’s Reluctant War?

This study examines the Lebanese government’s strategic indifference towards internally displaced persons (IDPs) from South Lebanon, especially after the October 2023 conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. Using in-depth interviews and participant observations, the research highlights how displaced individuals navigate their precarious situations without formal recognition and support. By not acknowledging IDP status, the government evades legal and moral responsibilities, forcing reliance on informal networks and humanitarian aid. This perpetuates IDPs’ invisibility and marginalisation, hindering their ability to meet basic needs and rebuild lives. The study underscores the power dynamics and state-to-citizen relations shaping IDPs’ treatment in Lebanon.

Implementasi Hukum Adat dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan: Studi Etnografis di Kawasan Hutan Adat

Customary law plays a vital role in resolving environmental disputes in customary forest areas, which are often focal points of conflict among indigenous communities, the government, and private companies. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of customary law in resolving environmental disputes, identify challenges in its implementation, and provide recommendations for strengthening customary law in the future. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this research collected data through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis in several customary forest areas in Kalimantan and Sumatra. The results reveal that 75% of disputes were resolved through customary deliberation mechanisms, reflecting the restorative justice values and collectivism of indigenous communities. However, the implementation of customary law faces significant challenges, including a lack of formal recognition by the government, global economic pressures, and limited supporting infrastructure. Indigenous communities expressed high satisfaction with customary law, which they perceive as more aligned with local values compared to formal legal systems. This research contributes by highlighting the importance of formal recognition and integration of customary law into the national legal framework without compromising local autonomy. The findings align with international studies showing that recognition of customary law can enhance conflict management and environmental conservation. The implications of this study emphasize the need to strengthen customary law recognition through policy reforms and the use of technologies such as GIS and blockchain to document indigenous claims. Thus, this study provides a foundation for policymakers to prioritize strengthening customary law as a sustainable mechanism for resolving environmental disputes.

Out-of-Court Settlement of Customary Land Rights Disputes of the Malamoi Tribe within the Framework of Land Law Reform

Indonesia faces the challenge of balancing food security and forest preservation while ensuring its legal system serves as both a foundation and driver of effective governance. This study examines customary dispute resolution within the Malamoi tribe, focusing on the resolution of customary land disputes and its implications for land law reform. The research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing document studies for data collection and normative qualitative analysis. Findings reveal that the Malamoi tribe maintains customary law as a means of resolving disputes, providing a sense of justice and restoring balance in their community through traditional court processes and sanctions. However, these customary decisions lack formal legal recognition, as Sorong City does not have regulations supporting the application of Malamoi customary law. Despite this, customary land release conditions set by tribal chiefs are acknowledged for land ownership registration. Furthermore, the study proposes judicial recognition of customary resolutions within Indonesia’s legal framework to address conflicts between customary and national court decisions, particularly concerning land disputes crucial for community livelihoods. This approach aligns with efforts to reform land law and harmonize customary and formal legal systems.

High-level personal trainer perspective for industry practice and development in Serbia: a qualitative descriptive study.

Personal trainers (PTs) play a pivotal role in promoting positive gym experiences, implementing effective weight loss strategies, and influencing healthier lifestyle choices. In Serbia, however, the absence of national accrediting bodies for standardised qualifications has led to a lack of formal recognition of exercise professionals. The views of personal training clients regarding their training practices and experiences have been explored previously. Building on this, the current study investigated the perspectives of high-level Serbian PTs, examining their professional developmental journeys, educational background, coaching philosophies, professional needs and experiences. The aim was to provide insights for educational institutions and other practitioners to adopt successful approaches that inspire lifelong exercise and promote positive lifestyle changes for increasingly sedentary populations. Using a snowball sampling method, we interviewed 12 high-level PTs, selected for their exceptional practice as recognised by their peers. The findings suggest a need for a shift from traditional, physical performance-focused approaches toward a more holistic model that incorporates psychosocial support and a care for the whole person, fostering an appreciation for the concept of physical literacy. Additionally, the study identifies critical gaps in PTs education and training, particularly concerning the lack of focus on behavior change models and inquiry-based skills essential for their future self-directed learning. These areas were highlighted as vital for continued professional development after formal qualifications are obtained. In conclusion, this research underlines the need for holistic training approaches to improve clients' physical and health outcomes. The study offers guidance to shape industry standards, foster accreditation systems, and start the debate on how best to continually support PTs during their careers. Such action is essential if the evolving personal training profession in Serbia is to be equipped with the tools needed to promote long-term client engagement and achieve the health benefits for the wider Serbian population.

Analysis of Islamic Education System Policies in Indonesia during the Reform Era

Education plays a key role in determining the future of a nation. Changes in the education subsystem are necessary to keep pace with the development of the times. Islamic education in Indonesia has developed since the arrival of Islam in the 7th century AD, through various methods such as trade, culture, and education. The history of Islamic education policies in Indonesia covers the period from the pre-independence era to the reform era. During the pre-independence period, Islamic education faced discrimination due to colonial political interests. After independence, Islamic education began to receive attention, especially during the Old Order and New Order periods. The positive impact of New Order policies, which were centralized, was the implementation of educational standardization. This was followed by a shift in political policies during the reform era, from centralization to decentralization, which brought changes to Islamic education policies and had a positive impact, including formal recognition of Islamic educational institutions and increased community participation.