Formal Educational Background Research Articles

Farm Resources Affecting Cocoa Production In Ikom Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

This study determined factors affecting resource use efficiency in cocoa production in Ikom local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study described the socioeconomic characteristics of the cocoa farmers in the study area and determined the relationship between farm productive inputs and output of cocoa production. Primary data were collected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentages, mean, and regression analysis. From the findings of the study, it was revealed that males were dominant in cocoa production with 80.8% as compared to 19.2% in the case of females and a productive age bracket of 21-50 years. The distribution on marital status revealed that 57.5% of respondents were married, 20.0% were single, 9.2% and 13.3 % were widow/widower and divorced respectively. The study also indicated that cocoa farmers in the study area had household sizes ranging between 3 -20 in a household. The findings of the study indicated that most of the farmers had some level of formal educational background. The distribution of farming experience showed that cocoa farming is not just an occupation but a way of life for the people in the study area, hence, it does not require years of experience to be involved in cocoa production. The analysis of the regression results revealed that farm resources such as farm size, labour, capital, herbicides, insecticides and cocoa seedlings positively and significantly influenced cocoa output per hectare. Cocoa farmers are advised to join cooperatives to pool together their financial resources to get loans and enjoy other benefits of cooperative membership such as the availability of market outlets for cocoa sales; marketing information and improved cocoa seedlings for planting.

Augmenting Engineering Pedagogy - Fusion of Practical and Theoretical Dimensions: Exploring Onsite Immersions

Abstract—Contemporary engineering education faces multifaceted challenges, stemming from the dynamic essence of the discipline, the expanse of knowledge acquisition demanded of students, and the inundation of information availability. Nurturing well-rounded graduates necessitates not only a profound grasp of their chosen domain but also adeptness in troubleshooting complex issues. Synthesizing theoretical erudition, hands-on proficiencies, and computerized applications tailored to bolster diverse facets of projects—encompassing drafting, designing, tridimensional visualization, and analysis—constitutes a pivotal facet of the engineering curriculum. Noteworthy achievements have been recorded by individuals irrespective of their formal educational background, underscoring the potentiality of knowledge garnered from conventional schooling or alternative avenues. While the knowledge drawn from textbooks and didactic sessions falls under the aegis of theoretical comprehension, practical acumen is honed through immersive engagement with real-world predicaments. Both realms of knowledge bear significance, necessitating holistic appreciation. The principal objective herein resides in fortifying engineering students' grasp of their specialized subjects, achieved through hands-on pedagogical interventions. This endeavor probes the import of infusing interactive classroom engagements and pragmatic on-site sojourns into engineering training regimens, synergistically empowered by software aids. The vantage point embraced is that of the students, examining the perceived value of such integrated approaches. Keywords - Cognizance; Graduates; Pragmatic; Problem-Solving and Theoretical Competence

Tailoring community preventive care to personal health needs: a data-driven and participatory approach

A digital platform with tools for health promotion was developed as a proof of concept in co-creation with all relevant stakeholders involved: citizens, caregivers, and local policy makers, aiming to optimize community preventive care.
 The platform, referred to as BIBOPP, was developed as a proof of concept focusing on prevention and health promotion for citizens, local policy makers but also for primary care givers wanting to offer personalized follow up. To this end, we set up multiple co-creation sessions with different target groups of end users, including those with expected limited digital literacy skills, eg. older adults and people with no or low formal educational background. Based on this input, the functionalities of the tools were designed and developed and afterwards tested with a new group of end-users.
 The online prevention platform offered citizens from 5 Flemish municipalities a digital screening, allowing them to evaluate their health and lifestyle. This screening is the Domus Medica Health Guide (GGDM), an evidence-based tool predicting personal risk for chronic diseases. The outcome of the screening is linked to the electronic medical health record hosted by the general practitioner, notifying the latter in case of excessive risk and involving him in the process of disease prevention and health promotion.
 Based on the personalized lifestyle advice resulting from the survey responses, end users then received an overview of activities and primary care providers in their community, tailored to their personal risk profile and preferences.
 The data collected with consent from the end users, yielded insights on the self-reported lifestyle and health of these participants. On an aggregated level, this tool has the potential to provide data for population health management.
 First lessons learned indicate that the platform did require significant digital literacy skills from end-users, as indicated by the participants younger age and relatively healthy lifestyle (eg. less than 10% smokers, +50% daily physical activity, …). However, in a co-creation session group with older adults, they indicated that digital skills were not a threshold when peer support was available. Furthermore, they recognized that the tool helped them in the self-management of their health and that they trusted the data governance. People with low to no formal educational background on the other hand were more suspicious about the tool and data governance unless this was offered to them through their trusted care providers. Also, older adults indicated that support with the interpretation of the advices by a health professional could be of added value.
 Next steps for BIBOPP now are involving these health professionals, and more specifically primary care actors in onboarding and guiding people to and through the platform.
 To conclude, this data-driven proof of concept co-designed with end-users, has promise to deliver personalized services, strengthen community preventive care, and optimize the local health policy.
 

Pelatihan Kader Kesehatan dalam Perawatan Kulit Lansia

Introduction: Elderly is an age group that is at risk of experiencing disturbances in body tissues, one of which is skin tissue. The structure of the elderly's skin changes, including dry skin, wrinkles, and itching. The Sukoharjo Village, which is under the auspices of the Bareng Health Center, only has 16 health cadres and functions as an informal caregiver to care for the elderly indirectly. Informal caregivers do not have a formal educational background in terms of skin care, causing problems related to their competence. Objective: The purpose of this service was to improve the ability and skills of health cadres in elderly skin care. Method: This public service was conducted by lectured, discussion, and demonstration. The approach taken is to provide education about long-term care and skin care as well as training in elderly skin care through bathing the elderly. Result: The activity partners were 16 health cadres in RW 1 and 2, Sukoharjo Village. The results of the activity showed an increase in knowledge of 40% of cadres who had good knowledge, while 73% of health cadres had good skills in providing skin care to the elderly. Conclusion: Health cadres who are given training on elderly skin care are expected to be able to transfer the knowledge that has been given to caregivers who are in RW 1 and RW 2 for the sake of improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Crystallization of founders' values applied to corporate culture: the meta-analysis of case study

Forming the company's fundamental values is the first problem in building a corporate culture, including in a corporate holding. This success must be efficiently maintained and passed down to all employees from top management to lower-level executors, even if necessary, in the framework of organizational sustainability for the company. Furthermore, the founder's responsibility is to add new values according to the times to continue growing, developing, and satisfying stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the crystallization of Founders' values applied to corporate culture. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study meta-analysis method. This study concluded that the crystallization of corporate culture was built and implemented based on founders' values, which comes under the influence of several factors. Some of them include 1.) The mentor factor of thecompany founder; 2.) The family background of the company founder; 3.) The factors of the problematic life background of the company founder; 4.) The factors of the formal educational background of the company founder; 5.) The background factor for the founder's daily activities; 6.) The Factors of previous company founders' business experience; 7.) The factors causing starting a business; 8.) Any other negative background factor of the company founder.

THE EFFECT OF TOP EXECUTIVES' EXPERTISE AND BUSYNESS ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY, REAL ESTATE, WHOLESALE, AND RETAIL TRADE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of top executives' characteristics toward earnings management in the sub-sector of property, real estate, wholesale, and retail trade companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2019. The top executives' characteristics are proxied by their expertise and busyness measured by accounting and financial formal educational background the as well as interlocking directorship. The absolute value of discretionary accruals was used to measure the earnings management. Meanwhile, 220 observations were obtained through a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that top executive expertise is negatively related to earnings management. The control variables, company size, and family ownership negatively affected earnings management; however, audit quality has no significant relationship.

FOOD SAFETY CULTURE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF FOOD HANDLERS AT ORPHANAGES IN TERENGGANU

Earlier studies suggest that foodborne illness may be related to the food safety culture of the food handlers (Griffith et al., 2010; Towns et al., 2006; Abdullah Sani and Siow, 2014). Food safety culture is a contribution of the aggregation of the prevailing, shared attitudes, value, learned belief towards hygiene behaviour in a food preparation environment (Griffith et al., 2010). Besides, in term of food safety only, it also can be related as the food that is sustained their nutritional values that are physically, microbiologically and chemically clean without any contamination (Uçar et. 2016). However, attitudes of food safety also one of the crucial factors that affect the practices of the food handlers while preparing and handling food. Towns et al. (2006) indicated that proper refrigeration and freezer food storage techniques not typically practised in their homes, even the individuals completing the survey were concerned about proper refrigeration and freezer storage practices. They also have the perception that safety of food is not a crucial thing rather than delicious food even at some point, they still assume that checking the temperature, is unnecessary things to do. Hence, it proved that they lack awareness of food safety, especially towards the proper handling of temperature. Buccheri et al. (2007), indicated that about 78.3 % of respondents have a good perception that they raw food need to be separate, and 16.0 % denied the perception. However, food handler's practices also associated with their knowledge and attitudes. Abdullah Sani and Siow (2014), reported that even 86.4 % wash their hand with soap, but there are still a few of them do not practice the knowledge. Especially for someone who is handling and preparing ready-to-eat food, they should wash their hand under hot running water with soap or any sanitizer and dry it with a clean towel instantly after finish handling the food. This practices should be emphasized daily by food handlers to avoid contamination from the pathogen. Also, based on the previous study, it proved that 29.3 % of food handlers do not separate their raw food with cook food (Egan et al., 2007). The contamination occurs according to two situations either they do not know about this knowledge, or they take it for granted. According to that statement, it shows that most of the food handlers in orphanages are lack of educational background. Based on the previous study, it showed that about 3.6 % of food handlers have no formal education background and the highest percentage of education level among food handlers are an only secondary school which are about 63.4% (Abdullah Sani and Siow, 2014). Besides, the lack of exposure to food safety among local food handlers in orphanages also might be contributing to foodborne illness, especially to the children in the orphanages.

Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Acute and Critical Care APRNs.

Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Acute and Critical Care APRNs.

Membangun Kader Kesehatan Yang Garlic (Gagah, Repons, Lincah) Di Kelurahan Grogol Kota Depok

Health cadres in everyday life are often found in the community around us, especially in the Rukun Warga (Rukun Warga) area of ​​a village. It is the same as in Limo District, Depok City, West Java. Health cadres work at certain times for Posyandu activities for the Toddler group or Posyandu for the Elderly Group. The dominant health cadres are housewives and have no formal education background but have a great contribution to society. The existence of health cadres in the community is not recognized as a professional health worker, due to several things including: they do not have a forum as a professional organization. unable to continue their professional development. This condition makes cadres in carrying out their duties less professional, especially in terms of managing cadres. So the abdimas team conducted a training of trainers (ToT) on cadre management to 25 health cadres in Grogol Limo Village. Debriefing in ToT knowledge about Cadre Management and skills in using Microsoft office. The results obtained that there is a significant difference in the knowledge of cadres before being given exposure to cadre management and after being exposed to p value = 0.000. There is a need for continuous training in using computers so that health cadres are skilled in making Posyandu reports.

The Power Actor and Madrasah Performance: Political Connections as a Moderating Variable

With the background of public sector management reform in the world of education, the characteristics of the leaders have become the main thing in improving an institution’s performance theory; this study explores the influence of aspects of the heads of madrasah (their age, education, and tenure) and madrasah performance in Islamic educational institutions in East Java, Indonesia. This study shows that political relations strengthen the positive influence of the head’s age and tenure on madrasah performance. Meanwhile, political connections do not enhance the positive impact of the madrasah head’s formal educational background on madrasah performance.

The role of education and migration background in explaining differences in folic acid supplementation intake in pregnancy: results from a German birth cohort study.

Official German recommendations advise women to start taking folic acid supplementation (FAS) before conception and continue during the first pregnancy trimester to lower the risk of birth defects. Women from lower socio-economic background and ethnic minorities tend to be less likely to take FAS in other European countries. As little is known about the determinants of FAS in Germany, we aimed to investigate the association between FAS and formal education and migration background, adjusting for demographic factors. We used data (2013-2016) on nutrition and socio-economic and migration background from the baseline questionnaire of the BaBi cohort study. We performed multivariate regressions and mediation analyses. Bielefeld, Germany. Nine-hundred forty-seven women (pregnant or who had given birth in the past 2 months). 16.7% of the participants (158/947) did not use FAS. Migration-related variables (e.g. language, length of stay) were not associated with FAS in the adjusted models. FAS was lower in women with lower level of formal education and in unplanned pregnancies. Reasons given by women for not taking FAS were unplanned pregnancy and lack of knowledge of FAS. Health practitioners may be inclined to see migrant women as an inherently at-risk group for failed intake of FAS. However, it is primarily women who did not plan their pregnancy, and women of lower formal education level, who are at risk. Different public health strategies to counter low supplementation rates should be supported, those addressing the social determinants of health (i.e. education) and those more focused on family planning.

Dukungan Terhadap Pengembangan Hijauan Indigofera di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat: Tinjauan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Adopsi

Ruminant productivity is influenced by the quality and quantity of forage. Forage plant that is prospectively developed is Indigofera which has advantages such as high nutrient content, low crude fiber, being able to live in dry areas, and low anti-nutrient. However, as an innovation, adoption, cultivation, and utilization in a sustainable manner depend on several factors. This study was aimed to investigate the potential adoption of Indigofera forage in West Manggarai Regency with a focus on the factors that influence adoption. Data were collected through observations, individual interviews, Focus Group Discussions and study of documents. The number of respondent’s farmers was 59 from seven villages in five sub-districts. The results showed that in terms of the respondent’s characteristic factors, 96.61% were in the productive age, 94.7% had a formal education background, a sufficient number of a household member and a good perception of the Indigofera. From the socioeconomic condition factor, there are introductions of innovations through different patterns involving different actors with different results which can be used as an introduction model. From the characteristic factor, Indigofera forage has higher nutritional content compared to other popular forages, easy to live in the dry land, the process of breeding and cultivation is not difficult for the profession of farmers and has proven the results of development in other regions in Indonesia. Based on the facts and analysis, it was concluded that the Indigofera plant has the potential to be widely adopted and used by farmers in the West Manggarai Regency.

The Embedded Paradox of Organizational Turnover and Professional Autonomy

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of professional autonomy (PA) and person–environment fit (person–job [PJ] fit and person–organization [PO] fit) on turnover intention (TI). Methods: We take a total of 1,133 professional social workers with formal educational background from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study 2019 as our sample and use structural equation modeling as our analysis method. Results: We find that an increase in person–environment fit is significantly associated with a decrease in Chinese social workers’ organizational TI, and this relationship is mediated by PA. However, PA has greater power to buffer the effects of PJ fit than those of PO fit on TI. Conclusions: This finding improves existing understanding of the paradox of social workers embedded in the community. An occupational environment that promotes PA is urgently needed to address this paradox and to prevent social workers’ TI.

‘First and foremost, we are teachers, not refugees’: Requalification measures for internationally trained teachers affected by forced migration

This article looks deeper into the educational careers and barriers faced by internationally trained teachers with refugee backgrounds. Highly skilled teachers experience among others formal barriers due to the two-subject regime in Austria. This study analyses the barriers and measures that disable or enable the re-qualification of internationally trained teachers who wish to continue their profession in Austria. Guided by a participatory approach laid out by Von Unger in 2014, this study taps into the needs of teaching professionals with refugee backgrounds and led to the development and implementation of a course. The course was compiled to provide educational knowledge as well as pedagogical training. Even though the completed subject of internationally trained teachers was recognised (apart from courses concerning didactics), the fulfilment of regular teacher training in Austria is seen as a conditio sine qua non. Hence, teachers with a different formal-educational background, irrespective of professional expertise, are seen as lacking education and/or skills. Considering that there is no worldwide consensus regarding the content and structure of teacher education, the implication of a lack of skills as well as the need for bridging programmes will be critically discussed from the participants’ perspectives. This article offers insight into the transcultural implications of professionalism.

Peran penyuluh dalam meningkatkan adopsi inovasi teknologi pakan ternak sapi di Kecamatan Totikum Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

THE ROLE OF COUNSELING IN INSCREASING ADOPTION INOVATION OF FEED TECHNOLOGY ON BEEF CATTLE IN DISTRICT OF TOTIKUM BANGGAI ISLANDS. The aim of this study was to determine the role of guidance in introducing innovations in the use of feed technology in increasing the cattle population.The respondents in this qualitative study were determined by means of "targeted sampling", with 22 breeders being selected as respondents, based on the criteria of having more than 3 cattle with experience over 3 years. The results showed that the advice given to respondents did not relate to specific feed technology material, although farmers really need this knowledge for the development of livestock businesses. In addition, the perception of farmers is that due to their formal educational background, the existing cultivation workers fall under the competence of animal husbandry experts and were not in the animal husbandry field. In general, cattle farming in Totikum Subdistrict, Banggai Islands Regency was still aimed at meeting family food needs, not for commercial purposes, but when in an emergency situation farmers sell cattle through intermediaries in the village at a price that was not affordable for farmers. Therefore, it was concluded that the expansion activities carried out in Totikum District, Banggai Islands Regency played no role in the introduction of innovations in cattle feed technology.

The Nature and Legal Position of Non-Formal Educators According to Indonesian Positive Law

A person or a human community needs learning (the need for knowledge, skills, and attitudes) to emerge, so there should be non-formal education. It’s in this capacity that non-formal education is said to be multi-audience, not only in terms of age, but also individual and social characteristics such as gender and gender, demographics, geography, occupation, formal educational background, and so on. Various problems are still often faced by these non-formal educators, where they should be guaranteed protection under the law. In fact, non-formal educators continue to experience discomfort conditions without an adequate protection system. Legal efforts to improve the status of non-formal educators according to the national education system, so that non-formal educators haven’t been recognized by the government even though they are temporary teachers who work in private educational institutions, so they haven’t received the protection and protection of the government as provided to teachers. Civil servants and private teachers.

Helping Deluxe Beds to sleep easy: A case study of agile project management

This case study describes the embedding of the Scrum project management framework as an innovation and operational improvement tool within a manufacturing Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) in the UK. The teaching notes inform 1) other UK manufacturing SMEs with novice teams, and 2) students at undergraduate and postgraduate level exploring innovation and operations management/improvement. The case advances our understanding of how small family-run manufacturing businesses can use contemporary frameworks such as Scrum to improve business operations and innovation. Deluxe Beds Ltd is a family SME manufacturing beds and mattresses with a technically novice workforce mainly with no formal educational background.

От самообразования к самозанятости: непарадный вход молодежи на рынок труда

В статье раскрываются причины, стимулирующие самоорганизационное поведение молодежи на рынке труда, которое понимается как конструирование трудовых карьер, альтернативных традиционным социальным практикам. Самозанятость рассматривается в качестве специфичной трудовой карьеры, имеющей бинарный алгоритм выбора: добровольная либо вынужденная стратегия. Цель исследования — анализ роли формального образования и самообразования в карьере самозанятых. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют данные авторского анкетного опроса молодежи Республики Мордовия в возрасте 18—35 лет (n = 490, апрель — май 2019 г.); онлайн-опроса, проведенного ГКУ РМ «НЦСЭМ» среди студентов выпускных курсов трех вузов Республики Мордовия (n = 1 943, март — май 2019); а также серии полустандартизированных и фокус-групповых интервью, проведенных авторами в 2019—2020 гг. среди самозанятой молодежи Республики Мордовия (критерии отбора — наличие опыта самозанятости более 1 года, возраст от 18 до 35 лет). Согласно полученным данным, выбор молодежью самозанятости носит скорее вынужденный характер. Он вызван маргинализацией профессионального статуса, свидетельствующей о дисфункции института высшего профессионального образования. Кризис профессиональной идентичности, невостребованность полученного образования на рынке труда, осознание недостаточности имеющихся знаний и навыков стимулируют поиск способов повышения конвертируемости своего человеческого капитала и возможных путей адаптации к неопределенности на рынке труда. Бэкграунд формального образования в карьерах самозанятой молодежи способствует развитию soft skills (неспециализированных надпрофессиональных навыков) и в то же время характеризуется обесцениванием hard skills (профессиональных компетенций). Набор востребованных навыков на рынке труда достраивается самозанятыми с помощью самообразования. Молодежь реализует «дисперсивную модель» развития собственного человеческого капитала не только в системе формального образования, но и посредством неформального и информального обучения, приобретая разнообразные по профессиональному содержанию умения и навыки. Данное исследование демонстрирует, что самообразовательные практики выполняют важную роль в формировании альтернативных карьерных траекторий молодежи, позволяющих интегрироваться в современный рынок труда. Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Правительства Республики Мордовия в рамках научного проекта «Социальное пространство рынка труда Республики Мордовия: самозанятость молодежи» (№ 18-411-130016 р_а).

Implementasi Integrasi Pendidikan Salaf dan Khalaf dalam pemikiran KH. Najib Salimi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Luqmanniyyah Yogyakarta

Al-Luqmaniyyah Islamic boarding school has a special phenomenon compared to other salaf Islamic boarding schools. Al Luqmaniyyah Islamic boarding school is located in an urban center area full of development and modernization in several social and cultural aspects. That is one of the supporting factors students in Al-Luqmaniyyah Islamic Boarding School. They are student who is studying on Yogyakarta's campus areas. Even though most of the santri are students, they are still have many other activities. They lives with a system of forgiveness, such as santri are encouraged to do ascetic practice, riyadoh and mujahadah. Things that more interesting are viewed from the figure of the kiyahi. KH. Najib Salimi, who have a less formal educational background, leads Al Luqmaniyyah become a great school. This is extraordinary, he was able to run the wheels of Islamic boarding school education with a state of santri that was so intellectually and modernly advance. This research is a qualitative research. Data was analyzed using inductive mindset. That is an analysis which tends to use words to explain phenomenas or datas that are still in general towards some conclusions that are more specific. The results of the study show that in order to maintain its existence among others, Al-Luqmaniyyah Islamic Boarding School integate liafe changes without eliminating the existence of noble traditions in order to maintain virtue of each and everyone of them. This was a caregiver policies in developing the curriculum and managerial of this school. That includes: allocation of learning time, learning strategies and methods, leadership and learning facilities.

Perceptions of the use and value of fungi by two groups of young adults from Central America

Introduction: Integrated efforts for the management and conservation of natural resources require the availability of socio-cultural information. However, perceptional studies are rarely used along with biological data to design methodologies of biodiversity conservation. Objective: To explore the potential of perceptional information on fungi as a tool for developing culture-sensitive methods of management and conservation. Methods: Through a survey-based design, ethnomycological information from urban settings in Honduras and Costa Rica was collected and evaluated for a group of young adults (16-25 years old, N=615 surveys). Results: Fungi were not perceived to have the value of plants and animals, in both countries. The latter were mentioned as preferred by 74% of respondents. By country, 39% of Costa Ricans mentioned the most important use of fungi to be food, whereas 58% of Hondurans responded a medicinal application. Remarkably, 27% of respondents in Costa Rica mentioned that fungi are important in ecological processes, much higher than Hondurans with only 7%. Conclusions: Exposure to formal education or previous cultural background may not play such an important role in shaping perceptions of the group of fungi as it does social aspects associated with the city lifestyle in the populations studied.