Form Of International Cooperation Research Articles

Cellular Biology of Mixovirus Infections: Ciba Foundation Symposium.

Ciba Foundation Symposia on medicobiological problems have gained popularity among scientific research workers, physicians, and pharmacologists. Being a good form of international cooperation they sum up results of the study of actual problems, and a spirit of free discussion and of confrontation of various concepts makes them more valuable than compilations of current state of problems thus allowing to scope a future of the problem. The topic selected for this symposium is not only important but also apt. One must agree with the chairman of the symposium who noted that myxoviruses are convenient for a discussion because they are not too small and not too large and, at the same time, they cause various diseases which range from an acute infection like influenza to a neoplastic transformation like fowl leukemia. The members of this symposium were selected very well: they represent the main approaches to the study of virology, of

Regionalism and World Order

T | SHE proliferation of regional organizations since I945 is one of the most significant developments of contemporary international relations. Certainly it was not foreseen by the framers of the United Nations' Charter who believed that regionalism must be subordinated to the universal approach to peace and security. What then is the relationship between such organizations and the United Nations in terms of the maintenance of peace and security? Is regionalism a symptom or a cause of international disorder? Assuming the continued growth of regional organizations, what possibilities are there of eventually promoting world order? Do regional organizations reflect a movement away from exclusive reliance on the nation-state as the basic unit in international relations? These questions are suggested by the increasing prominence of regional groups in world affairs today. This article attempts to suggest tentative answers by examining the reasons for the growth of contemporary regionalism, the lines of compatibility and conflict between regional and universal forms of international organization, and the relationship between regionalism and the concept of a world order; and these answers are based on the assumption that the growth of regionalism has been more a pragmatic response to the changing dynamics of international politics than the outcome of a conviction that regionalism was theoretically superior to universalism as a form of international cooperation. Regionalism as an institutional form of international cooperation is often identified with the number of security agencies that have developed since I945 such as N.A.T.O., S.E.A.T.O., and the Warsaw Pact. But there are numerous examples of regional economic and social organizations, especially in Western Europe. The European Economic Community, European Coal and Steel Community and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are important regional agencies. In the Latin American area a new Inter-American Development Bank has recently been formed as well as a Free Trade Association between nine of the republics.' In South Asia the Colombo Plan organization, comprising both economically advanced and under-developed States, serves to channel important economic aid and technical assistance into the area. It seems

Warsaw Collective Security Pact

A regular meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the member states of the Warsaw Pact was held in Moscow on March 28 and 29, 1961, according to press reports. Heads of government and military and political leaders of the eight member states were present, although there was considerable comment in the press when Albania sent Deputy Premier Begir Balluku instead of General Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Communist Party. Communist China sent as an observer Liu Hsiao, Ambassador to Moscow. The Council on Mutual Economic Aid of the pact reportedly disclosed a new economic plan at the conference that called for the voluntary coordination of member nations' economic schemes and prospects for a twentyyear period through 1980. The project was to constitute a new form of international cooperation that would be the prototype for the economic relations of the future communist society. The Warsaw Pact nations also reportedly discussed military matters, including the situation in Germany.